Table A.1 Land cover and land use by census metropolitan area (CMA) and census metropolitan area-ecosystem (CMA-E), 1971, 1991, 2001 and 2011

Table A.1-1 Land cover and land use by census metropolitan area (CMA) and census metropolitan area-ecosystem (CMA-E), 1971
Table summary
This table displays the results of Table A.1-1 Land cover and land use by census metropolitan area (CMA) and census metropolitan area-ecosystem (CMA-E), 1971. CMA Total land area, CMA-E Total land area, 1971, CMA, CMA-E, Total built-up area, Arable, Natural and semi-natural, Settled, Roads and Settled , calculated using square kilometres units of measure (appearing as column headers).
			CMA		CMA-E^Note 3
	CMA^Note 1 Total land area	CMA-E^Note 2^,^Note 3 Total land area	1971
			Total built-up area^Note 4		Total built-up area^Note 4		Arable^Note 5	Natural and semi-natural^Note 6
			Settled	Roads	Settled	Roads	Arable^Note 5	Natural and semi-natural^Note 6
	square kilometres
Abbotsford–Mission	605	5,313	11	7	37	23	470	4,783
Barrie	898	3,766	14	10	54	40	1,310	2,363
Brantford	1,073	4,196	24	20	137	96	2,363	1,600
Calgary	5,108	12,444	158	116	162	170	6,172	5,940
Edmonton	9,427	19,900	185	157	189	225	10,501	8,984
Greater Sudbury	3,411	35,921	60	26	86	65	353	35,416
Guelph	594	2,599	22	13	68	44	1,289	1,198
Halifax	5,496	16,127	96	52	100	68	166	15,793
Hamilton	1,372	4,944	125	62	332	179	2,201	2,232
Kelowna	2,905	8,145	8	4	8	5	180	7,951
Kingston	1,939	5,409	25	18	30	27	1,154	4,198
Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo	827	3,240	80	38	181	101	1,722	1,237
London	2,666	8,361	104	63	135	118	5,771	2,337
Moncton	2,406	5,941	17	13	21	21	214	5,685
Montréal	4,258	10,186	520	235	581	294	4,201	5,110
Oshawa	904	4,496	51	26	126	76	1,782	2,512
Ottawa–Gatineau (Ont.)^Note 9	3,287	8,411	153	65	185	95	3,614	4,517
Ottawa–Gatineau (Que.)^Note 9	3,000	7,817	41	25	45	32	1,014	6,726
Peterborough	1,507	4,167	21	17	23	23	925	3,196
Québec	3,349	8,532	120	62	134	76	1,281	7,041
Regina	3,408	15,899	46	56	61	149	12,609	3,080
Saguenay	2,564	12,331	40	22	47	22	586	11,676
Saint John	3,363	7,005	46	29	52	43	88	6,821
Saskatoon	5,215	16,032	45	57	50	108	11,392	4,482
Sherbrooke	1,460	5,852	26	18	39	34	1,155	4,624
St. Catharines–Niagara	1,398	2,441	117	70	141	90	1,101	1,108
St. John's	805	1,798	39	21	41	23	15	1,718
Thunder Bay	2,556	12,148	42	29	42	36	179	11,891
Toronto	5,906	12,814	699	296	850	418	4,930	6,615
Trois-Rivières	1,041	5,874	23	13	40	28	2,727	3,079
Vancouver	2,883	6,041	339	153	348	159	387	5,148
Victoria	696	2,103	82	38	82	39	39	1,943
Windsor	1,022	2,362	75	38	84	54	1,786	438
Winnipeg	5,303	19,111	168	158	197	299	10,732	7,883

Table A.1-2 Land cover and land use by census metropolitan area (CMA) and census metropolitan area-ecosystem (CMA-E), 1991
Table summary
This table displays the results of Table A.1-2 Land cover and land use by census metropolitan area (CMA) and census metropolitan area-ecosystem (CMA-E), 1991. CMA Total land area, CMA-E Total land area, 1991, CMA, CMA-E, Total built-up area, Arable, Natural and semi-natural, Settled and Roads, calculated using square kilometres units of measure (appearing as column headers).
			CMA		CMA-E^Note 3
	CMA^Note 1 Total land area	CMA-E^Note 2^,^Note 3 Total land area	1991
			Total built-up area^Note 7		Total built-up area^Note 7		Arable^Note 5	Natural and semi-natural^Note 6
			Settled	Roads	Settled	Roads	Arable^Note 5	Natural and semi-natural^Note 6
	square kilometres
Abbotsford–Mission	605	5,313	64	38	161	104	412	4,636
Barrie	898	3,766	65	44	203	149	1,199	2,215
Brantford	1,073	4,196	60	49	294	204	2,143	1,555
Calgary	5,108	12,444	330	242	390	407	6,233	5,414
Edmonton	9,427	19,900	482	409	547	652	10,852	7,848
Greater Sudbury	3,411	35,921	144	62	275	208	271	35,168
Guelph	594	2,599	54	30	180	115	1,288	1,016
Halifax	5,496	16,127	204	110	271	184	149	15,522
Hamilton	1,372	4,944	216	107	667	359	1,897	2,021
Kelowna	2,905	8,145	91	49	99	61	126	7,858
Kingston	1,939	5,409	104	72	162	145	914	4,187
Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo	827	3,240	147	70	343	191	1,659	1,046
London	2,666	8,361	205	126	347	305	5,892	1,817
Moncton	2,406	5,941	73	55	96	99	114	5,632
Montréal	4,258	10,186	893	404	1,153	584	3,894	4,555
Oshawa	904	4,496	114	59	377	227	1,592	2,300
Ottawa–Gatineau (Ont.)^Note 9	3,287	8,411	401	171	596	305	2,873	4,636
Ottawa–Gatineau (Que.)^Note 9	3,000	7,817	146	90	197	140	703	6,777
Peterborough	1,507	4,167	69	58	115	117	873	3,062
Québec	3,349	8,532	239	124	323	184	1,038	6,987
Regina	3,408	15,899	95	115	168	409	13,472	1,850
Saguenay	2,564	12,331	99	55	181	84	443	11,623
Saint John	3,363	7,005	109	69	130	108	56	6,711
Saskatoon	5,215	16,032	129	162	175	376	12,207	3,274
Sherbrooke	1,460	5,852	91	61	170	146	806	4,731
St. Catharines–Niagara	1,398	2,441	196	118	260	166	955	1,059
St. John's	805	1,798	78	42	87	49	25	1,638
Thunder Bay	2,556	12,148	85	58	123	106	112	11,808
Toronto	5,906	12,814	1,203	510	1,598	786	4,194	6,235
Trois-Rivières	1,041	5,874	76	42	211	151	2,097	3,414
Vancouver	2,883	6,041	552	248	594	271	341	4,836
Victoria	696	2,103	126	58	129	61	30	1,884
Windsor	1,022	2,362	142	73	184	118	1,756	304
Winnipeg	5,303	19,111	266	251	403	611	10,931	7,166

Table A.1-3 Land cover and land use by census metropolitan area (CMA) and census metropolitan area-ecosystem (CMA-E), 2001
Table summary
This table displays the results of Table A.1-3 Land cover and land use by census metropolitan area (CMA) and census metropolitan area-ecosystem (CMA-E), 2001. CMA Total land area, CMA-E Total land area, 2001, CMA, CMA-E, Total built-up area, Arable, Natural and semi-natural, Settled and Roads, calculated using square kilometres units of measure (appearing as column headers).
			CMA		CMA-E^Note 3
	CMA^Note 1 Total land area	CMA-E^Note 2^,^Note 3 Total land area	2001
			Total built-up area^Note 7		Total built-up area^Note 7		Arable^Note 5	Natural and semi-natural^Note 6
			Settled	Roads	Settled	Roads	Arable^Note 5	Natural and semi-natural^Note 6
	square kilometres
Abbotsford–Mission	605	5,313	93	38	253	104	420	4,536
Barrie	898	3,766	101	45	305	151	1,234	2,076
Brantford	1,073	4,196	100	50	426	206	2,153	1,410
Calgary	5,108	12,444	392	242	464	408	6,520	5,053
Edmonton	9,427	19,900	627	411	704	654	11,248	7,295
Greater Sudbury	3,411	35,921	186	63	350	209	234	35,129
Guelph	594	2,599	77	30	263	115	1,159	1,062
Halifax	5,496	16,127	318	110	397	185	170	15,375
Hamilton	1,372	4,944	288	109	947	363	1,909	1,725
Kelowna	2,905	8,145	116	49	126	62	127	7,830
Kingston	1,939	5,409	122	72	188	146	899	4,176
Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo	827	3,240	194	71	469	193	1,531	1,047
London	2,666	8,361	270	127	460	307	6,124	1,470
Moncton	2,406	5,941	112	56	144	100	131	5,566
Montréal	4,258	10,186	999	410	1,291	591	4,070	4,234
Oshawa	904	4,496	159	62	530	232	1,584	2,149
Ottawa–Gatineau (Ont.)^Note 9	3,287	8,411	419	171	641	306	3,010	4,454
Ottawa–Gatineau (Que.)^Note 9	3,000	7,817	161	91	214	141	679	6,783
Peterborough	1,507	4,167	99	58	163	117	847	3,039
Québec	3,349	8,532	283	125	382	186	1,137	6,827
Regina	3,408	15,899	104	115	195	409	13,189	2,106
Saguenay	2,564	12,331	113	55	199	85	441	11,606
Saint John	3,363	7,005	170	69	196	108	71	6,630
Saskatoon	5,215	16,032	142	162	192	377	12,021	3,442
Sherbrooke	1,460	5,852	109	62	209	148	879	4,617
St. Catharines–Niagara	1,398	2,441	276	119	362	167	1,056	856
St. John's	805	1,798	127	42	142	49	22	1,586
Thunder Bay	2,556	12,148	128	58	186	106	108	11,748
Toronto	5,906	12,814	1,566	516	2,139	794	4,085	5,795
Trois-Rivières	1,041	5,874	88	43	245	152	2,357	3,120
Vancouver	2,883	6,041	710	250	770	272	328	4,672
Victoria	696	2,103	159	58	163	61	48	1,832
Windsor	1,022	2,362	177	73	231	119	1,802	210
Winnipeg	5,303	19,111	285	251	458	612	10,723	7,318

Table A.1-4 Land cover and land use by census metropolitan area (CMA) and census metropolitan area-ecosystem (CMA-E), 2011
Table summary
This table displays the results of Table A.1-4 Land cover and land use by census metropolitan area (CMA) and census metropolitan area-ecosystem (CMA-E), 2011. CMA Total land area, CMA-E Total land area, 2011, CMA, CMA-E, Total built-up area, Arable, Natural and semi-natural, Settled, Roads, Forest, Water and Other, calculated using square kilometres units of measure (appearing as column headers).
			CMA		CMA-E^Note 3
	CMA^Note 1 Total land area	CMA-E^Note 2^,^Note 3 Total land area	2011
			Total built-up area^Note 7		Total built-up area^Note 7		Arable^Note 5	Natural and semi-natural^Note 8
			Settled	Roads	Settled	Roads	Arable^Note 5	Forest	Water	Other
	square kilometres
Abbotsford–Mission	605	5,313	101	38	276	106	438	3,624	333	536
Barrie	898	3,766	109	46	331	156	1,165	873	368	873
Brantford	1,073	4,196	105	50	450	211	2,133	789	71	542
Calgary	5,108	12,444	448	252	531	420	6,257	2,004	284	2,949
Edmonton	9,427	19,900	677	417	760	662	9,937	3,290	1,185	4,066
Greater Sudbury	3,411	35,921	197	72	386	238	246	24,301	4,640	6,110
Guelph	594	2,599	82	31	281	117	1,226	641	39	295
Halifax	5,496	16,127	354	113	446	189	168	11,952	1,096	2,275
Hamilton	1,372	4,944	305	115	1,010	379	1,791	866	91	808
Kelowna	2,905	8,145	133	52	145	65	86	6,119	377	1,353
Kingston	1,939	5,409	134	74	211	150	850	2,134	503	1,560
Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo	827	3,240	209	73	497	197	1,594	580	58	314
London	2,666	8,361	285	130	485	313	5,963	833	62	705
Moncton	2,406	5,941	123	59	158	103	151	4,372	97	1,060
Montréal	4,258	10,186	1,128	443	1,491	643	4,081	2,629	216	1,125
Oshawa	904	4,496	170	66	571	244	1,421	941	171	1,146
Ottawa–Gatineau (Ont.)^Note 9	3,287	8,411	455	180	697	320	3,030	2,349	382	1,634
Ottawa–Gatineau (Que.)^Note 9	3,000	7,817	216	112	284	179	740	5,651	775	188
Peterborough	1,507	4,167	107	59	184	119	810	1,736	416	903
Québec	3,349	8,532	337	138	453	205	1,150	5,535	211	978
Regina	3,408	15,899	113	117	209	411	11,633	364	510	2,771
Saguenay	2,564	12,331	126	62	217	97	535	8,785	1,365	1,332
Saint John	3,363	7,005	179	71	207	111	80	5,159	398	1,051
Saskatoon	5,215	16,032	155	165	207	380	10,483	250	795	3,918
Sherbrooke	1,460	5,852	135	69	255	169	889	3,498	207	834
St. Catharines–Niagara	1,398	2,441	292	120	383	171	1,034	416	44	394
St. John's	805	1,798	136	44	152	52	23	886	168	518
Thunder Bay	2,556	12,148	132	61	193	114	131	6,951	891	3,869
Toronto	5,906	12,814	1,648	536	2,260	821	3,867	2,250	868	2,748
Trois-Rivières	1,041	5,874	102	46	281	165	2,340	1,910	90	1,088
Vancouver	2,883	6,041	743	252	810	275	348	3,748	330	531
Victoria	696	2,103	174	59	178	62	45	1,703	48	67
Windsor	1,022	2,362	184	74	243	121	1,690	59	31	218
Winnipeg	5,303	19,111	303	256	494	618	10,118	2,175	1,793	3,913
Note 1. 2011 census metropolitan area (CMA) boundaries are used for all years. Total area excludes water. Return to note 1 referrer Note 2. The CMA-ecosystem (CMA-E) combines any Soil Landscapes of Canada (SLC) polygon that is contained within or that intersects the CMA boundary, as well as SLC polygons that are fully contained within this newly formed boundary of the CMA-E. Includes all terrestrial and water surfaces. Return to note 2 referrer Note 3. CMA-E are not spatially mutually exclusive—they overlap where a Soil Landscape of Canada (SLC) polygon crosses more than one CMA boundary, as is the case in Vancouver and Abbotsford–Mission or Toronto and surrounding CMAs including Hamilton, Oshawa, Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo, Guelph, Brantford and Barrie. For this reason, CMA-E data should not be summed to generate a total and caution should be used when comparing data. See CMA-E maps in Section 3: Ecosystem accounts and statistics by census metropolitan area for a visual representation of the CMA-E boundaries. Return to note 3 referrer Note 4. Built-up area for 1971 is based on Canada Land Inventory: Land Use (CLI: LU) and Canada Land Use Monitoring Program (CLUMP), code B – Urban Built-up. CLUMP data exclude the CMAs of Moncton, Trois-Rivières, Sherbrooke, Peterborough, Kingston, Barrie, Brantford, Kelowna and Abbotsford–Mission. As a result, 1971 built-up areas may be underestimated for these CMAs. CLI: LU and CLUMP built-up areas that were not built-up in the AAFC Land Use, 1990 dataset were removed from the 1971 built-up data and reclassified according to their 1990 cover. To improve comparability with the other years, roads included in the core built-up area were identified and removed to produce the 1971 settled area. The 1971 dataset did not include roads outside the core built-up area. Roads were modeled by applying the ratio of roads to settled area from 1990 to the 1971 settled area. Return to note 4 referrer Note 5. Arable land area is composed of the cropland, tame or seeded pasture and summerfallow land from the Interpolated Census of Agriculture. Return to note 5 referrer Note 6. Natural and semi-natural land is the residual area remaining after subtracting built-up and arable land from the total area. Because it was calculated residually, the class also includes some homes and other buildings, particularly those located on large lots and in rural areas, since these may not be captured by satellite imagery as ‘built-up,’ due in part to the resolution of the data, but also overlying tree canopy. Return to note 6 referrer Note 7. Built-up area estimates for 1991, 2001 and 2011 are based on Land Use, 1990, 2000 and 2010, codes 21 (Settlement–Built-up and urban) and 25 (Roads–primary, secondary and tertiary). Return to note 7 referrer Note 8. For 2011, forest and water are broken out separately based on data from AAFC Crop Inventory, 2011 and CanVec+ respectively. Other natural and semi-natural land is a residual class calculated by subtracting all other classes from the total area. The change over time for these categories requires further validation. Return to note 8 referrer Note 9. Data for Ottawa-Gatineau were tabulated separately for the Ontario and Quebec parts. Return to note 9 referrer Sources: Statistics Canada, Environment, Energy and Transportation Statistics Division, 2016, special tabulation of data from Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS), 1999, Canada Land Inventory Level-I Lat/Long Digital Data: CLI Land Use (circa 1966) (1:250,000), ftp://ftp2.cits.rncan.gc.ca/pub/geott/cli_250k/landuse/ (accessed September 15, 2015); NRCan, CCRS, 1999, Canada Land Use Monitoring Program (CLUMP) UTM Digital Data: CLUMP Land Use (1971) (1:50,000), ftp://ftp2.cits.rncan.gc.ca/pub/geott/clump/clump_1971/ (accessed September 15, 2015); Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), 2015, Land Use 1990, 2000 and 2010, http://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/18e3ef1a-497c-40c6-8326-aac1a34a0dec (accessed September 16, 2015); AAFC and Statistics Canada, special tabulation, Census of Agriculture, Census Geographic Component Base 2011 and 2001 and Census of Agriculture, Regular Base 1991 and 1971; AAFC, 2013, AAFC Crop Inventory, 2011, http://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/58ca7629-4f6d-465a-88eb-ad7fd3a847e3 (accessed August 10, 2015); NRCan, Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation, 2014, CanVec+, ftp://ftp2.cits.rncan.gc.ca/pub/canvec+/shp/ (accessed August 10, 2015).

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Table A.1
Land cover and land use by census metropolitan area (CMA) and census metropolitan area-ecosystem (CMA-E), 1971, 1991, 2001 and 2011 Table A.1
Land cover and land use by census metropolitan area (CMA) and census metropolitan area-ecosystem (CMA-E), 1971, 1991, 2001 and 2011

Table A.1 Land cover and land use by census metropolitan area (CMA) and census metropolitan area-ecosystem (CMA-E), 1971, 1991, 2001 and 2011 Table A.1 Land cover and land use by census metropolitan area (CMA) and census metropolitan area-ecosystem (CMA-E), 1971, 1991, 2001 and 2011

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Table A.1
Land cover and land use by census metropolitan area (CMA) and census metropolitan area-ecosystem (CMA-E), 1971, 1991, 2001 and 2011 Table A.1
Land cover and land use by census metropolitan area (CMA) and census metropolitan area-ecosystem (CMA-E), 1971, 1991, 2001 and 2011