Table 3
Ordinary least squares regression predicting log hourly wages of immigrant women
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Model 1Note 1 | Model 2Note 1 | Model 3Note 1 | Model 4Note 2 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
coefficient | robust standard error | coefficient | robust standard error | coefficient | robust standard error | coefficient | robust standard error | |
Intercept | 2.297Note *** | 0.054 | 2.349Note *** | 0.051 | 2.286Note *** | 0.054 | 3.014Note *** | 0.044 |
Source-country gender-role attitudes | 0.106Note *** | 0.020 | Note ...: not applicable | Note ...: not applicable | 0.058Note ** | 0.022 | 0.042Note * | 0.017 |
Source-country female labour force participation rate | Note ...: not applicable | Note ...: not applicable | 0.218Note *** | 0.038 | 0.170Note *** | 0.044 | 0.038 | 0.031 |
Logged gross domestic product per capita | 0.032Note *** | 0.005 | 0.045Note *** | 0.004 | 0.038Note *** | 0.005 | 0.013Note ** | 0.004 |
English or French official language in source country | 0.000 | 0.011 | 0.023Note * | 0.011 | 0.018 | 0.011 | 0.018Note * | 0.008 |
Western countries (reference: non-Western countries) | 0.053Note *** | 0.013 | 0.065Note *** | 0.013 | 0.057Note *** | 0.013 | 0.043Note *** | 0.011 |
Education (reference: bachelor's degree) | ||||||||
Less than high school | -0.409Note *** | 0.017 | -0.400Note *** | 0.017 | -0.407Note *** | 0.017 | -0.130Note *** | 0.014 |
High school graduation | -0.312Note *** | 0.014 | -0.305Note *** | 0.014 | -0.310Note *** | 0.014 | -0.074Note *** | 0.011 |
Some postsecondary education | -0.154Note *** | 0.011 | -0.155Note *** | 0.011 | -0.155Note *** | 0.011 | -0.041Note *** | 0.008 |
Graduate degree | 0.172Note *** | 0.014 | 0.177Note *** | 0.014 | 0.175Note *** | 0.014 | 0.072Note *** | 0.012 |
Age at immigration | -0.003Note *** | 0.001 | -0.003Note *** | 0.001 | -0.003Note *** | 0.001 | -0.001 | 0.000 |
Years since landing | 0.008Note *** | 0.001 | 0.008Note *** | 0.001 | 0.008Note *** | 0.001 | 0.005Note *** | 0.001 |
Years since landing squared | -0.001Note *** | 0.000 | -0.001Note *** | 0.000 | -0.001Note *** | 0.000 | -0.001Note *** | 0.000 |
Working full time (reference: working part-time) | 0.126Note *** | 0.011 | 0.122Note *** | 0.011 | 0.122Note *** | 0.011 | 0.042Note *** | 0.008 |
Tenure in years | 0.020Note *** | 0.001 | 0.020Note *** | 0.001 | 0.020Note *** | 0.001 | 0.015Note *** | 0.001 |
Geographic region (reference: Toronto) | ||||||||
Atlantic region | -0.090Note *** | 0.021 | -0.086Note *** | 0.021 | -0.090Note *** | 0.021 | -0.116Note *** | 0.018 |
Quebec (excluding Montréal) | -0.039 | 0.026 | -0.017 | 0.025 | -0.027 | 0.025 | -0.045Note * | 0.020 |
Ontario (excluding Toronto, Ottawa and Hamilton) | -0.017 | 0.012 | -0.013 | 0.012 | -0.016 | 0.012 | -0.009 | 0.010 |
Saskatchewan and Manitoba (excluding Winnipeg) | 0.005 | 0.019 | 0.003 | 0.019 | 0.003 | 0.019 | -0.006 | 0.015 |
Alberta (excluding Calgary and Edmonton) | 0.061Note * | 0.024 | 0.060Note * | 0.024 | 0.059Note * | 0.024 | 0.067Note ** | 0.020 |
British Columbia (excluding Vancouver) | 0.002 | 0.018 | 0.003 | 0.018 | 0.001 | 0.018 | 0.024 | 0.014 |
Montréal | -0.065Note ** | 0.017 | -0.055Note *** | 0.017 | -0.058Note *** | 0.017 | -0.070Note *** | 0.013 |
Vancouver | -0.034Note *** | 0.012 | -0.040Note ** | 0.012 | -0.039Note ** | 0.012 | -0.021Note * | 0.010 |
Other five large metropolitan areas | 0.065Note *** | 0.011 | 0.063Note *** | 0.011 | 0.062Note *** | 0.011 | 0.050Note *** | 0.009 |
... not applicable
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, 2006 to 2012. |
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