Table 4
The estimated impact of real wages on the outcomes of young men with no high school diploma

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Table 4
The estimated impact of real wages on the outcomes of young men with no high school diploma
Table summary
This table displays the results of The estimated impact of real wages on the outcomes of young men with no high school diploma Percentile, 15th, 25th, 35th, 45th, Column 1, Column 2, Column 3 and Column 4, calculated using parameter estimates and numbers units of measure (appearing as column headers).
  Percentile
15th 25th 35th 45th
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
parameter estimates
Outcome  
Being enrolled in school  
Ordinary least squares -0.09Note * -0.02 0.04 0.11
Two-stage least squares -0.06 -0.07 -0.08 -0.10
Efficient Wald Estimator -0.06 0.01 0.02 0.02
Being employed  
Ordinary least squares 1.27Note *** 0.94Note *** 0.63Note *** 0.24Note ***
Two-stage least squares 0.53Note ** 0.64Note ** 0.75Note * 0.87Note *
Efficient Wald Estimator 0.26Note *** 0.24Note ** 0.25Note * 0.18Note †
Being neither in school nor employed  
Ordinary least squares -0.45Note *** -0.35Note *** -0.24Note *** -0.09Note ***
Two-stage least squares -0.23Note * -0.27Note * -0.32Note † -0.37Note †
Efficient Wald Estimator -0.06 -0.09Note † -0.08 -0.05
    numbers
School enrollment rate in 2001 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62
Employment rate in 2001 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
"Neither in school nor employed" rate in 2001 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14
Sample size (ordinary least squares and two-stage least squares) 50,882 50,882 50,882 50,882
Grouped observations (Efficient Wald Estimator) 307 307 307 307
Clusters 48 48 48 48
Average sample size per grouped observation 165.7 165.7 165.7 165.7
Note ***

significantly different from reference category (p<0.001)

Return to note *** referrer

Note **

significantly different from reference category (p<0.01)

Return to note ** referrer

Note *

significantly different from reference category (p<0.05)

Return to note * referrer

Note †

significantly different from reference category (p<0.10)

Return to note † referrer

Note: The sample consists of unmarried men aged 17 to 24 with no children who have no high school diploma. The numbers show the estimated impact of log after-tax real wages on young men's probability of being enrolled in school, being employed, and being neither enrolled nor employed. Separate regressions are run based on various percentiles used for imputing wages of non-employed men. All regressions include fully interacted age, education and region indicators, year effects, month indicators, a renter indicator, a census metropolitan area/census agglomeration indicator, the unemployment rate and the rate of involuntary part-time employment defined at the age, education and region level as well as province-specific log real minimum wages, log average real tuition fees for a bachelor’s degree and levels of social assistance income available to single individuals. P-values are based on standard errors clustered at the age, education and region level.
Source: Statistics Canada, authors' calculations from Labour Force Survey (February, March, September and October files).

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