Table 3
The estimated impact of real wages on young men's outcomes
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Percentile | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
15th | 25th | 35th | 45th | |
Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 | Column 4 | |
parameter estimates | ||||
Outcome | ||||
Being enrolled in school | ||||
Ordinary least squares | -0.2Note *** | -0.12Note *** | -0.05 | 0.03 |
Two-stage least squares | -0.26Note * | -0.28Note * | -0.32Note * | -0.35Note * |
Efficient Wald Estimator | -0.1Note * | -0.08Note † | -0.05 | -0.04 |
Being employed | ||||
Ordinary least squares | 0.93Note *** | 0.69Note *** | 0.45Note *** | 0.19Note *** |
Two-stage least squares | 0.35Note *** | 0.38Note *** | 0.43Note *** | 0.47Note *** |
Efficient Wald Estimator | 0.26Note *** | 0.22Note *** | 0.2Note *** | 0.14Note *** |
Being neither in school nor employed | ||||
Ordinary least squares | -0.31Note *** | -0.24Note *** | -0.16Note *** | -0.06Note *** |
Two-stage least squares | -0.14Note *** | -0.15Note *** | -0.17Note *** | -0.19Note ** |
Efficient Wald Estimator | -0.08Note *** | -0.08Note *** | -0.08Note *** | -0.06Note ** |
numbers | ||||
School enrollment rate in 2001 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 |
Employment rate in 2001 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 |
"Neither in school nor employed" rate in 2001 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
Sample size (ordinary least squares and two-stage least squares) | 170,632 | 170,632 | 170,632 | 170,632 |
Grouped observations (Efficient Wald Estimator) | 1,128 | 1,128 | 1,128 | 1,128 |
Clusters | 164 | 164 | 164 | 164 |
Average sample size per grouped observation | 151.3 | 151.3 | 151.3 | 151.3 |
Note: The sample consists of unmarried men aged 17 to 24 with no children. The numbers show the estimated impact of log after-tax real wages on young men's probability of being enrolled in school, being employed, and being neither enrolled in school nor employed. Separate regressions are run based on various percentiles used for imputing wages of non-employed men. All regressions include fully interacted age, education and region indicators, year effects, month indicators, a renter indicator, a census metropolitan area/census agglomeration indicator, the unemployment rate and the rate of involuntary part-time employment defined at the age, education and region level, as well as province-specific log real minimum wages, log average real tuition fees for a bachelor’s degree and levels of social assistance income available to single individuals. P-values are based on standard errors clustered at the age, education and region level. |
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