Table 3
Probit regressions on the likelihood of self-employment
for parents and their children
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Fathers and sons | Mothers and daughters | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
marginal effect | robust standard error | marginal effect | robust standard error | |
Variables | ||||
Parents-and-children group (reference: Canadian parents) |
||||
Immigrant parents of second generation | 0.011 Note *** | 0.002 | 0.012 Note *** | 0.002 |
Immigrant parents of 1.5 generation | -0.024 Note *** | 0.002 | -0.001 | 0.002 |
Third-and-higher generations | 0.002 Note * | 0.001 | 0.027 Note *** | 0.001 |
Second generation | 0.016 Note *** | 0.002 | 0.033 Note *** | 0.003 |
1.5 generation | 0.029 Note *** | 0.002 | 0.037 Note *** | 0.003 |
Education (reference: high school diploma) |
||||
No diploma/certificate | 0.007 Note *** | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Non-university diploma | 0.003 Note ** | 0.001 | 0.010 Note *** | 0.001 |
Bachelor degree | 0.010 Note *** | 0.001 | 0.008 Note *** | 0.001 |
Degree in medicine | 0.557 Note *** | 0.007 | 0.454 Note *** | 0.009 |
Graduate degree | 0.010 Note *** | 0.002 | 0.025 Note *** | 0.002 |
Years of experience | 0.009 Note *** | 0.000 | 0.007 Note *** | 0.000 |
Years of experience squared | -0.0002 Note *** | 0.000 | -0.0002 Note *** | 0.000 |
Married (reference: other) | 0.016 Note *** | 0.001 | 0.015 Note *** | 0.001 |
English/French mother tongue (reference: other) |
-0.019 Note *** | 0.002 | -0.004 Note ** | 0.002 |
Number of children present | 0.006 Note *** | 0.000 | 0.006 Note *** | 0.000 |
Homeowners (reference: renters) | 0.028 Note *** | 0.001 | 0.014 Note *** | 0.001 |
Ethnic/population groups (reference: British/French) |
||||
Chinese | -0.022 Note *** | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
South Asian | -0.013 Note *** | 0.003 | -0.016 Note *** | 0.003 |
Black | -0.036 Note *** | 0.003 | -0.027 Note *** | 0.002 |
Filipino | -0.046 Note *** | 0.002 | -0.020 Note *** | 0.002 |
Korean/Japanese | 0.043 Note *** | 0.007 | 0.052 Note *** | 0.007 |
Other visible minorities | 0.046 Note *** | 0.006 | 0.013 Note ** | 0.006 |
German | 0.028 Note *** | 0.002 | 0.010 Note *** | 0.002 |
Italian | 0.011 Note *** | 0.002 | -0.013 Note *** | 0.002 |
Ukrainian | 0.008 Note ** | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.003 |
Dutch | 0.035 Note *** | 0.004 | 0.018 Note *** | 0.004 |
Polish | 0.003 | 0.004 | -0.002 | 0.004 |
Jewish | 0.167 Note *** | 0.007 | 0.058 Note *** | 0.006 |
Portuguese | -0.043 Note *** | 0.003 | -0.027 Note *** | 0.002 |
Other European origins | 0.023 Note *** | 0.002 | 0.006 Note *** | 0.001 |
p<0.05 | ||||
p<0.01 | ||||
p<0.001 | ||||
Fathers and sons | Mothers and daughters | |
---|---|---|
Correlation coefficient | ||
Geographic location effects | included | included |
Diagnostic statistics | ||
Number of observations | 894,191 | 778,522 |
Pseudo R-squared | 0.044 | 0.042 |
p<0.05 | ||
p<0.01 | ||
p<0.001 | ||
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