Gender parity and the gender salary gap^{Note 1}: Progress of full-time university academics over the last 40 years

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Gender parity and the gender salary gap: Progress of full-time university academics over the last 40 years

The share of female academics has been increasing at all ranks.

Table 1
Table summary
This table displays the results of Table 1. The information is grouped by Rank (appearing as row headers), 1979 and 2019 (appearing as column headers).
Rank 1979 2019

Full Professor 4.4% 30.0%

Associate professor 12.5% 43.9%

Assistant professor 23.0% 50.2%

Men are overrepresented in older age groups. Among academics 65 and older, 73% are men and 77% of men are full professors.

Table 2
Table summary
This table displays the results of Table 2. The information is grouped by Age group (appearing as row headers), Number of full-time academics (appearing as column headers).
Age group Number of full-time academics

Female Male

**Assistant Professor** **3792** **3756**

Under 40 1941 2145

40 - 44 789 780

45 - 49 450 387

50 - 54 261 195

55 - 59 192 114

60 - 64 114 87

65 - 69 36 33

70 - 74 9 9

75+ Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the *Statistics Act* 6

**Associate Professor** **6744** **8631**

Under 40 600 789

40 - 44 1380 1779

45 - 49 1494 1839

50 - 54 1176 1488

55 - 59 972 1236

60 - 64 729 849

65 - 69 309 417

70 - 74 63 183

75+ 21 51

**Full Professor** **4995** **11688**

Under 40 21 33

40 - 44 240 531

45 - 49 708 1497

50 - 54 972 2097

55 - 59 1182 2442

60 - 64 1071 2418

65 - 69 549 1521

70 - 74 192 804

75+ 60 345

x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the *Statistics Act*

In 2019, salary ranges for men were wider than for women. Maximum salaries tend to be higher for men.

Table 3
Table summary
This table displays the results of Table 3. The information is grouped by Year of Survey (appearing as row headers), Rank, Gender, 10th Percentile, Median and 90th Percentile (appearing as column headers).
Year of Survey Rank Gender 10th Percentile Median 90th Percentile

2019 Full professor Male $136,108 $168,499 $219,970

2019 Full professor Female $132,380 $161,644 $206,115

2019 Associate professor Male $107,775 $132,878 $173,671

2019 Associate professor Female $106,173 $130,793 $168,005

2019 Assistant professor Male $88,927 $108,580 $143,745

2019 Assistant professor Female $87,075 $104,484 $134,435

Over the last 40 years, the ratio of women’s to men’s median salaries has narrowed for full professors and associate professors.

Table 4
Table summary
This table displays the results of Table 4 1979 and 2019 (appearing as column headers).
1979 2019

Full professor 94.8% 95.9%

Associate professor 95.8% 98.4%

Assistant professor 97.2% 96.2%

Among full professors in 2019, women earned more on average than men in certain fields.

Table 5
Table summary
This table displays the results of Table 5 2019 (appearing as column headers).
2019

Education 101.5%

Humanities 100.8%

Health professions and related programs 100.8%

Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 99.9%

Mathematics and computer sciences 98.9%

Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 98.8%

Social and behavioural sciences, and law 96.1%

Engineering, architecture, and related technologies 95.6%

Physical sciences 93.8%

Business, management and public administration 90.7%

**Source**: Statistics Canada, Full-time – University and College Academic Staff System (FT-UCASS).

Notes

Footnote 1.

Calculation of the gender salary gap is based on the median annual rate of salary (women’s median salary/men’s median salary x 100) for full-time academic teaching staff in Canadian degree-granting institutions. This includes only the ranks of full professors, associate professors and assistant professors who are tenured and leading to tenure. In the calculation of median salaries, deans and directors equivalent to deans, staff on unpaid leave, staff with no salary and staff with a lower salary scale than regular scales and stipends are excluded.

Return to note 1 referrer

Table 1
Table summary
This table displays the results of Table 1. The information is grouped by Rank (appearing as row headers), 1979 and 2019 (appearing as column headers).
Rank	1979	2019
Full Professor	4.4%	30.0%
Associate professor	12.5%	43.9%
Assistant professor	23.0%	50.2%

Table 2
Table summary
This table displays the results of Table 2. The information is grouped by Age group (appearing as row headers), Number of full-time academics (appearing as column headers).
Age group	Number of full-time academics
Female	Male
Assistant Professor	3792	3756
Under 40	1941	2145
40 - 44	789	780
45 - 49	450	387
50 - 54	261	195
55 - 59	192	114
60 - 64	114	87
65 - 69	36	33
70 - 74	9	9
75+	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act	6
Associate Professor	6744	8631
Under 40	600	789
40 - 44	1380	1779
45 - 49	1494	1839
50 - 54	1176	1488
55 - 59	972	1236
60 - 64	729	849
65 - 69	309	417
70 - 74	63	183
75+	21	51
Full Professor	4995	11688
Under 40	21	33
40 - 44	240	531
45 - 49	708	1497
50 - 54	972	2097
55 - 59	1182	2442
60 - 64	1071	2418
65 - 69	549	1521
70 - 74	192	804
75+	60	345
x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Table 3
Table summary
This table displays the results of Table 3. The information is grouped by Year of Survey (appearing as row headers), Rank, Gender, 10th Percentile, Median and 90th Percentile (appearing as column headers).
Year of Survey	Rank	Gender	10th Percentile	Median	90th Percentile
2019	Full professor	Male	$136,108	$168,499	$219,970
2019	Full professor	Female	$132,380	$161,644	$206,115
2019	Associate professor	Male	$107,775	$132,878	$173,671
2019	Associate professor	Female	$106,173	$130,793	$168,005
2019	Assistant professor	Male	$88,927	$108,580	$143,745
2019	Assistant professor	Female	$87,075	$104,484	$134,435

Table 4
Table summary
This table displays the results of Table 4 1979 and 2019 (appearing as column headers).
	1979	2019
Full professor	94.8%	95.9%
Associate professor	95.8%	98.4%
Assistant professor	97.2%	96.2%

Table 5
Table summary
This table displays the results of Table 5 2019 (appearing as column headers).
	2019
Education	101.5%
Humanities	100.8%
Health professions and related programs	100.8%
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	99.9%
Mathematics and computer sciences	98.9%
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	98.8%
Social and behavioural sciences, and law	96.1%
Engineering, architecture, and related technologies	95.6%
Physical sciences	93.8%
Business, management and public administration	90.7%

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Gender parity and the gender salary gap^{Note 1}: Progress of full-time university academics over the last 40 years

Archived Content

Gender parity and the gender salary gap: Progress of full-time university academics over the last 40 years

Gender parity and the gender salary gapNote 1: Progress of full-time university academics over the last 40 years

Archived Content

Gender parity and the gender salary gap: Progress of full-time university academics over the last 40 years

Note of appreciation

Standards of service to the public

Copyright

Gender parity and the gender salary gap^{Note 1}: Progress of full-time university academics over the last 40 years