Table 2
Proportion of households using water-conservation devices, by household characteristics, 2007

Warning View the most recent version.

Archived Content

Information identified as archived is provided for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. Please "contact us" to request a format other than those available.

Standard table symbols

  Use low-flow showerheads Use low-volume toilets1 Rainwater-collection devices
percentage odds ratio percentage odds ratio percentage odds ratio
All households 64 … 42 … 17 …
Household age composition
18 to 44 years 55* 0.80* 31* 0.75* 15 1.05
45 to 64 years 68 1.17* 43 1.10 19* 1.19*
65 years and over 54* 0.77* 40* 1.11 23* 1.44*
Adults and children (aged 0 to 19 years) † 66 1.00 44 1.00 14 1.00
Other compositions 69 1.14 46 1.11 18* 1.33*
Highest level of education2
Less than a high school diploma † 52 1.00 32 1.00 22 1.00
High school diploma 61* 1.13 39* 1.28* 19 1.03
Postsecondary below university 68* 1.39* 44* 1.49* 18* 1.05
University degree 62* 0.95 43* 1.33* 14* 0.87
Household income
Less than $20,000 51* 0.71* 32* 1.01 22* 1.24
$20,000 to $39,999 61* 0.90 38 1.07 19 1.02
$40,000 to $59,999 † 65 1.00 38 1.00 17 1.00
$60,000 to $79,999 67 1.08 42* 1.10 16 0.94
$80,000 and over 68* 1.09 48* 1.26* 15 0.97
Don't know/refusedl/not stated 59* 0.75* 44* 1.13 19 1.07
Geographic area
Montréal CMA 3 65 1.06 30* 0.66* 6*E 0.47*
Ottawa-Gatineau CMA† 66 1.00 42 1.00 16E 1.00
Toronto CMA 67 0.96 47 1.10 8* 0.46*
Winnipeg CMA 58 0.65 40 0.79 16E 0.83
Calgary CMA 59 0.68 48 1.03 23 1.93*
Edmonton CMA 61 0.69 53* 1.32 38* 2.84*
Vancouver CMA 56* 0.65* 34 0.76 8*E 0.58
All other geographic areas 64 0.89 43 0.96 20 1.01
Period of construction of the dwelling
1960 and earlier 62 0.93 41* 0.87 21* 2.16*
1961 to 1983 65 1.08 43 0.94 18* 1.82*
1984 to 1995 65 0.97 35* 0.59* 15* 1.45*
1996 to 2007 † 63 1.00 47 1.00 11 1.00
Years lived in dwelling
5 years or less † 60 1.00 38 1.00 14 1.00
6 to 10 years 66* 1.24* 44* 1.16* 16 1.08
11 to 20 years 70* 1.42* 44* 1.16* 17* 0.98
More than 20 years 64* 1.12 47* 1.12 21* 0.93
Dwelling type
Single detached 67* 1.21* 47* 1.14 19* 1.48*
Other † 58 1.00 33 1.00 10 1.00
Dwelling owned by household member
Yes 67* 1.23* 46* 1.56* 18* 1.58*
No † 54 1.00 27 1.00 11 1.00
Household water is metered
Not connected to municipal water 62 0.81* 45* 1.14 32* 3.45*
No † 60 1.00 33 1.00 9 1.00
Yes 68* 1.21* 50* 1.43* 16* 1.75*
... not applicable
† reference group
* statistically significant difference from the reference group at p < 0.05
1. Includes toilets that have been modified by the owner to lower tank volume.
2. Highest level of education in the household.
3. Census metropolitan area.
Note: Estimates are based on sub-samples of the population. Please refer to "What you should know about this study" for detailed information on the sub-sample definitions.
Source: Statistics Canada, Households and the Environment Survey, 2007.