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- Articles and reports: 12-001-X20050018087Description:
In Official Statistics, data editing process plays an important role in terms of timeliness, data accuracy, and survey costs. Techniques introduced to identify and eliminate errors from data are essentially required to consider all of these aspects simultaneously. Among others, a frequent and pervasive systematic error appearing in surveys collecting numerical data, is the unity measure error. It highly affects timeliness, data accuracy and costs of the editing and imputation phase. In this paper we propose a probabilistic formalisation of the problem based on finite mixture models. This setting allows us to deal with the problem in a multivariate context, and provides also a number of useful diagnostics for prioritising cases to be more deeply investigated through a clerical review. Prioritising units is important in order to increase data accuracy while avoiding waste of time due to the follow up of non-really critical units.
Release date: 2005-07-21 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X20050018093Description:
Kish's well-known expression for the design effect due to clustering is often used to inform sample design, using an approximation such as b_bar in place of b. If the design involves either weighting or variation in cluster sample sizes, this can be a poor approximation. In this article we discuss the sensitivity of the approximation to departures from the implicit assumptions and propose an alternative approximation.
Release date: 2005-07-21 - 13. Canada's natural resource exports ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-010-X20050057894Geography: CanadaDescription: The share of resources in our value-added exports is greater than in gross exports, because they use fewer imported inputs than manufactured goods.Release date: 2005-05-12
- 14. Early sexual intercourse ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X20040037837Geography: CanadaDescription:
What can we say about teenagers who had sexual intercourse at the age of 15 or less? This study estimates the percentage of adolescents who have had sexual intercourse by age 14 or 15. The study also examines demographic, socio-economic characteristics and other factors at age 12 or 13 that are associated with early sexual activity.
Release date: 2005-05-03 - 15. Canada's Investments in Science and Innovation: Is the Existing Concept of Research and Development Sufficient? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0027M2005032Geography: CanadaDescription:
Estimates of GDP are sensitive to whether a business expenditure is treated as an investment or an intermediate input. Shifting an expenditure category from intermediate expenditures to investment expenditures increases GDP. While the international guide to measurement (the SNA (93)) recognizes that R&D has certain characteristics that make it more akin to an investment than an intermediate expenditure, it did not recommend that R&D be treated as an investment because of problems in finding a "clear criteria for delineating [R&D] from other activities".
This paper examines whether the use of the OECD Frascati definition is adequate for this purpose. It argues that it is too narrow and that attempts to modify the National Accounts would not be well served by its adoption. In particular, it argues that the appropriate concept of R&D that is required for the Accounts should incorporate a broad range of science-based innovation costs and that this broader R&D concept is amenable to measurement.
Finally, the paper argues that failing to move in the direction of an expanded definition of R&D capital will have consequences for comparisons of Canadian GDP to that of other countries - in particular, our largest trading partner, the United States. It would provide a biased estimate of Canada's GDP relative to the United States. If all science-based innovation expenditures are to be capitalized, GDP will increase. But it appears that Canada's innovation system is directed more towards non-R&D science-based expenditures than the innovation systems of many other countries. If Canada were to only capitalize the narrow Frascati definition of R&D expenditures and not a broader class of science-based innovation expenditures, we would significantly bias estimates of Canadian GDP relative to those for other countries, such as the United States, whose innovation systems concentrate more on traditional R&D expenditures.
Release date: 2005-04-12 - 16. Responses to Trade Liberalization: Changes in Product Diversification in Foreign- and Domestic-controlled Plants ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0027M2005031Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper studies the impact that a small country joining a regional trade agreement, but particularly a small country, might be expected to gain from the exploitation of scale economies. It makes use of the experience of Canada when it entered into the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in the early 1990s.
It finds that there was a general increase in the pace of plant commodity specialization around the time of implementation of the Free Trade Agreement. At the time of the treaty, plant diversity was found to be higher in larger plants and in industries with assets that are associated with scope economies. Diversity was also higher in industries that had higher rates of tariff protection.
Over the 1980s and 1990s, plant diversity decreased with reductions in both U.S. and Canadian tariffs. And the decline was greater during the post FTA era than before, thereby suggesting that this treaty had an impact above and beyond that just engendered by the tariff reductions that were associated with it. The study also found that foreign-controlled plants tended to adjust more over the entire period.
Release date: 2005-03-24 - 17. Earnings of temporary versus permanent employees ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200510113135Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study looks at the wage gap between temporary and permanent employees over the 1997 to 2003 period. The comparison is made according to type of temporary employment, since the characteristics of employees vary greatly according to whether they are term or contract, seasonal, casual, or from a temporary agency. Also addressed is the economic vulnerability of temporary workers: Does the wage gap persist when hours worked, earnings of other household members, and number of dependants are considered?
Release date: 2005-03-23 - 18. Summary: Meeting on Commercialization Measurement, Indicators, Gaps and Frameworks, Ottawa ArchivedArticles and reports: 88F0006X2005007Description:
This report summarises an expert meeting hosted by the Science, Innovation and Electronic Information Division on commercialization. The purpose of the meeting was to identify indicators that could be used in support of evidence-based commercialisation policy, and a conceptual framework to tie them together. The findings were that it was premature to adopt a single conceptual framework and that it was important to measure linkages among public sector actors and between those in the public and private sectors if the activity of commercialization was to be better understood.
Release date: 2005-03-18 - 19. Dynamics of Immigrants' Health in Canada: Evidence from the National Population Health Survey ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-618-M2005002Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article compares the changes in immigrants' health status over the last decade with that of the Canadian-born population. Based on longitudinal data from the National Population Health Survey, the article also examines risk factors such as daily cigarette smoking, level of physical activity during leisure time and weight gain, to assess health changes while taking into account some socio-economic factors. This article is part of an Internet publication that provides links to tables, other research articles and information about the National Population Health Survey.
Release date: 2005-02-23 - 20. Dependency, chronic conditions and pain in seniors ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-S20050009087Geography: CanadaDescription:
Dependency, chronic conditions and pain in seniors estimates the prevalence of dependency in the population aged 65 or older by age group and by the presence of specific chronic conditions. The analysis focuses on how the relationship between dependency and chronic conditions is affected when pain is also considered.
Release date: 2005-02-09
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Articles and reports (23)
Articles and reports (23) (0 to 10 of 23 results)
- 1. Global Links: Multinationals, Foreign Ownership and Productivity Growth in Canadian Manufacturing ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-622-M2005009Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines two potential benefits of foreign-controlled plants in the Canadian manufacturing sector: the superior performance of foreign-controlled plants and their productivity spillovers to domestic plants. The paper finds that foreign-controlled plants are more productive, more innovative, more technology intensive, pay higher wages and use more skilled workers. This foreign-ownership advantage is found to be a multinational advantage. What matters for economic performance is whether plants belong to multinational enterprises (MNEs) rather than ownership per se. Canadian multinationals are as productive as foreign multinationals. We also find that MNEs have accounted for a disproportionately large share of productivity growth in the last two decades. Finally, we find robust evidence for productivity spillovers from foreign-controlled plants to domestic-controlled plants arising from increased competition and greater use of new technologies among domestic plants.
Release date: 2005-12-05 - 2. Criminal victimization in Canada, 2004 ArchivedArticles and reports: 85-002-X20050078803Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
In 2004, as part of its General Social Survey program, Statistics Canada conducted a survey on victimization and public perceptions of crime and the justice system. It was the fourth time that the General Social Survey (GSS) had examined victimization - previous surveys were conducted in 1999, 1993 and 1988.
For the 2004 survey, interviews were conducted by telephone with approximately 24,000 people, aged 15 and older, living in the 10 provinces. Respondents were asked about their experiences with criminal victimization. Those respondents who had been victims of a crime in the previous 12 months were asked for detailed information on each incident, including when and where it occurred; whether the incident was reported to the police; and how they were affected by the experience.
This Juristat explores the overall trends and regional variations of criminal victimization, as well as the individual risk factors associated with victimization. The impacts and consequences of being victimized are discussed, along with the informal and formal sources of support for victims.
Release date: 2005-11-24 - 3. Global Links: Long-term Trends in Foreign Investment and Foreign Control in Canada, 1960 to 2000 ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-622-M2005008Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper outlines broad changes in foreign ownership in Canada over the last forty years. It makes use of several different but complementary data sources that are produced by Statistics Canada to analyze the importance of foreign ownership in Canada. Over the last four decades, foreign multinationals that are operating in Canada have experienced first, a retrenchment and then, a resurgence in their activities. This retrenchment occurred during the period when foreign investment was tightly regulated and could be found across most industries, but was particularly evident in the energy and mining sector. The resurgence that has occurred subsequent to the introduction of a more liberal regulatory regime was also relatively widespread, though there are several sectors like the science-based and energy industries where this has not occurred.
Release date: 2005-11-18 - Articles and reports: 11-010-X20050118806Geography: CanadaDescription:
Gasoline's share of consumer incomes rose both because of higher prices and increased consumption. The increase for household fuel was less onerous, as electricity rates have been more restrained. A number of industries, such as farming, forestry and travel are struggling with the rising cost of energy inputs.
Release date: 2005-11-10 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X20040018739Geography: CanadaDescription:
For a study on smoking cessation programs, respondents were found via referrals from key informants. A challenge was tracking the calling process and keeping records of information obtained during telephone calls.
Release date: 2005-10-27 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X20040018745Description:
The testing of questionnaires with specialized populations such as Aboriginal people, homosexuals, bisexuals, children, victims of abuse brings challenges: identifying respondents, testing methodology, location of testing, respondent rapport and trust.
Release date: 2005-10-27 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X20040018753Description:
For the estimation of low-income households, a supplementary sample is selected within a limited number of geographic areas. This paper presents the dual sample design used, along with scenarios considered and some findings that led to the choices made.
Release date: 2005-10-27 - 8. Whither the workweek? ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200510613145Geography: CanadaDescription:
Changes in hours worked normally track employment changes very closely. Recently, however, employment has increased more than hours, resulting in an unprecedented gap. In effect, the average annual hours worked have decreased by the equivalent of two weeks. Many factors can affect the hours worked. Some are structural or cyclical - population aging, industrial shifts, the business cycle, natural disasters, legislative changes or personal preferences. Others are a result of the survey methodology. How have the various factors contributed to the recent drop in hours of work?
Release date: 2005-09-21 - 9. The changing health of immigrants ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X20050028454Geography: CanadaDescription:
Using longitudinal data from Statistics Canada's National Population Health Survey (NPHS), this article assesses the health impact of the immigration process, as individuals adjust to life in Canada, by comparing changes in immigrants' self-perceived health status, health care use, and health-related behaviours with those of the Canadian-born population. Information was collected from the same individuals over an eight-year period from 1994-1995 to 2002-2003.
Release date: 2005-09-13 - 10. Dynamics of immigrants' health ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-005-X20050018440Geography: CanadaDescription:
This summary provides highlights of an analysis that used eight years of longitudinal data from the National Population Health Survey, 1994/95 to 2002/03. The analysis was part of an Internet publication Healthy Today, Healthy Tomorrow? Findings from the National Population Health Survey, Catalogue no. 82-618-MWE.
The analysis found that recent immigrants from non-European countries are twice as likely as the Canadian-born to experience deterioration in their health.
Release date: 2005-08-05
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