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- 1. College and university graduates with low earnings in Canada : Demographic and labour market characteristics ArchivedArticles and reports: 81-004-X200900210897Description:
International comparisons show that Canada ranks highest compared to other major countries in terms of the percentage of college and university graduates with low employment earnings. This article uses data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics to identify key demographic and employment characteristics that suggest reasons for these graduates' low earnings situations.
Release date: 2009-06-17 - Stats in brief: 81-600-X2009001Geography: CanadaDescription:
This is one of four fact sheets in a series using Statistics Canada data sources relating to the education and training of workers in health and related occupations. Using the 2005 National Graduates Survey (NGS) (Class of 2000), this fact sheet provides information on the proportion of new health graduates entering health professions during the five years following graduation and on the proportion finding employment in other sectors of the economy.
Release date: 2009-05-01 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2004235Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper reports the results of an empirical analysis of the gender earnings gap among recent Canadian bachelor-level university graduates. Hours of work are the single most important influence on the gap; past work experience, job characteristics, family status, province of residence, and language have smaller and more mixed effects.
Release date: 2004-11-30 - Articles and reports: 81-003-X20020036671Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper provides an overview of part-time university and college academic staff. It uses Part-time University and College Academic Staff Survey.
Release date: 2003-10-20 - Articles and reports: 81-003-X20010046386Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article estimates the cost for Canadian students studying in a master's program for one full year at a Canadian university, by province, field of study and gender. It uses the National Graduates Survey and supplemental information on tuition, incidental fees, books, room and board, and lost income.
Release date: 2002-10-29 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2002164Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper reports the results of an empirical analysis of the early career outcomes of recent Canadian Bachelor's level graduates by discipline based on three waves of the National Graduates Surveys, which comprise large, representative databases of individuals who successfully completed their programmes at Canadian universities in 1982, 1986, and 1990, with information gathered during interviews conducted two and five years after graduation for each group of graduates (1984/87, 1988/92, 1990/95).
The outcomes analysed, all broken down by sex and discipline, include: the distribution of graduates by field and the percentage of female graduates; the percentage of graduates who subsequently completed another educational programme; the overall evaluation of the choice of major (would they choose it again?); unemployment rates, the percentage of workers in part-time jobs, in temporary jobs, self-employed; the job-education skill and credentials matches; earnings levels and rates of growth; and job satisfaction (earnings, overall).
Many of the outcomes conform to expectations, typically reflecting the different orientations of the various disciplines with respect to direct career preparedness, with the professions and other applied disciplines generally characterised by lower unemployment rates, closer skill and qualification matches, higher earnings, and so on. On the other hand, while the "applied" fields also tend to perform well in terms of the "softer", more subjective measures regarding job satisfaction and the overall evaluation of the chosen programme (would the graduate choose the same major again?), the findings also indicate that graduates' assessments of their post-graduation experiences and overall evaluations of the programmes from which they graduated are based on more than simply adding up standard measures of labour market "success", with the job satisfaction scores and - perhaps most interestingly - the overall programme evaluations often departing from what the objective measures (unemployment rates, earnings levels, etc.) might have predicted. Some implications of the findings are discussed and avenues for future research are suggested.
Release date: 2002-03-21 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2002183Geography: CanadaDescription:
Changes in the labour market such as an increase in the incidence of part-time, part-year work, multiple job holding and self-employment have often been conjectured as demand-driven shifts - that is, that they have resulted from a lack of more traditional job opportunities rather than in response to workers' changing preferences. Yet while the issue of non-standard work is an interesting and important one, there is relatively little existing empirical evidence on the topic.
The general purpose of this paper is to report the results of an empirical analysis that exploits the self-employment status indicator available in the National Graduates Survey (and Follow-Up) databases. It documents and analyses the patterns of self-employment amongst several cohorts of Canadian post-secondary graduates in the first five years following graduation. More specifically, it provides solid empirical documentation of the incidence of self-employment (levels, patterns, trends) amongst recent college and university graduates, overall, and broken down by degree level, sex and year of graduation. This paper also addresses the issue of whether self-employment tends to be the preferred employment option (for those who enter it), or the result of a lack of suitable "conventional" employment opportunities, or some combination of the two.
There are two over-arching conclusions to be drawn from the analysis. First, the incidence of self-employment was relatively stable for the first three cohorts of graduates covered in the analysis. The overall rates ranged from 6.5 to 11.1 percent amongst male graduates and from 3.2 to 6.7 percent for females. The rates tended to be higher for some (but not all) graduates of the most recent cohort (graduates of 1995). Second, the evidence generally points to self-employment representing a relatively attractive job status on average: For every cohort the rates of self-employment rise from the first interview following graduation (after two years) to the second (after five years), an interval over which job opportunities generally improve significantly for graduates; Simple point-in-time (cross-sectional) comparisons of earnings, the job-education skill match, and job satisfaction levels suggest that although the results are somewhat mixed, there is little evidence that the self-employment status is generally characterized by less favourable outcomes, and is perhaps particularly marked by generally higher (not lower) overall levels of job satisfaction;Finally, both the conventional cross-sectional earnings model and the difference equations which control for various fixed effects with which job status might be correlated, further point to self-employment being a higher-paying (and therefore more attractive) job status than the conventional paid worker status.
Release date: 2002-03-21 - Articles and reports: 81-003-X20000035715Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study explores why female university students, who outnumber male students, remain underrepresented in several professions, including engineering.
Release date: 2001-06-08 - Articles and reports: 81-003-X20000015410Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article provides an analysis of the employment and earnings patterns of recent postsecondary graduates, based on three waves of the National Graduates Surveys.
Release date: 2000-11-29 - 10. Determinants of postsecondary participation ArchivedArticles and reports: 81-003-X19980034470Geography: CanadaDescription:
In today's changing economy, government, policy organizations, and members of the business community all emphasize the importance of knowledge, skills and lifelong learning for individuals to succeed in the labour market and for the economy to grow. Postsecondary education has been targeted as one of the key vehicles for producing a labour force ready to meet the challenge of the new workplace.
Release date: 1999-03-31
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Analysis (11)
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- 1. College and university graduates with low earnings in Canada : Demographic and labour market characteristics ArchivedArticles and reports: 81-004-X200900210897Description:
International comparisons show that Canada ranks highest compared to other major countries in terms of the percentage of college and university graduates with low employment earnings. This article uses data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics to identify key demographic and employment characteristics that suggest reasons for these graduates' low earnings situations.
Release date: 2009-06-17 - Stats in brief: 81-600-X2009001Geography: CanadaDescription:
This is one of four fact sheets in a series using Statistics Canada data sources relating to the education and training of workers in health and related occupations. Using the 2005 National Graduates Survey (NGS) (Class of 2000), this fact sheet provides information on the proportion of new health graduates entering health professions during the five years following graduation and on the proportion finding employment in other sectors of the economy.
Release date: 2009-05-01 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2004235Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper reports the results of an empirical analysis of the gender earnings gap among recent Canadian bachelor-level university graduates. Hours of work are the single most important influence on the gap; past work experience, job characteristics, family status, province of residence, and language have smaller and more mixed effects.
Release date: 2004-11-30 - Articles and reports: 81-003-X20020036671Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper provides an overview of part-time university and college academic staff. It uses Part-time University and College Academic Staff Survey.
Release date: 2003-10-20 - Articles and reports: 81-003-X20010046386Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article estimates the cost for Canadian students studying in a master's program for one full year at a Canadian university, by province, field of study and gender. It uses the National Graduates Survey and supplemental information on tuition, incidental fees, books, room and board, and lost income.
Release date: 2002-10-29 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2002164Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper reports the results of an empirical analysis of the early career outcomes of recent Canadian Bachelor's level graduates by discipline based on three waves of the National Graduates Surveys, which comprise large, representative databases of individuals who successfully completed their programmes at Canadian universities in 1982, 1986, and 1990, with information gathered during interviews conducted two and five years after graduation for each group of graduates (1984/87, 1988/92, 1990/95).
The outcomes analysed, all broken down by sex and discipline, include: the distribution of graduates by field and the percentage of female graduates; the percentage of graduates who subsequently completed another educational programme; the overall evaluation of the choice of major (would they choose it again?); unemployment rates, the percentage of workers in part-time jobs, in temporary jobs, self-employed; the job-education skill and credentials matches; earnings levels and rates of growth; and job satisfaction (earnings, overall).
Many of the outcomes conform to expectations, typically reflecting the different orientations of the various disciplines with respect to direct career preparedness, with the professions and other applied disciplines generally characterised by lower unemployment rates, closer skill and qualification matches, higher earnings, and so on. On the other hand, while the "applied" fields also tend to perform well in terms of the "softer", more subjective measures regarding job satisfaction and the overall evaluation of the chosen programme (would the graduate choose the same major again?), the findings also indicate that graduates' assessments of their post-graduation experiences and overall evaluations of the programmes from which they graduated are based on more than simply adding up standard measures of labour market "success", with the job satisfaction scores and - perhaps most interestingly - the overall programme evaluations often departing from what the objective measures (unemployment rates, earnings levels, etc.) might have predicted. Some implications of the findings are discussed and avenues for future research are suggested.
Release date: 2002-03-21 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2002183Geography: CanadaDescription:
Changes in the labour market such as an increase in the incidence of part-time, part-year work, multiple job holding and self-employment have often been conjectured as demand-driven shifts - that is, that they have resulted from a lack of more traditional job opportunities rather than in response to workers' changing preferences. Yet while the issue of non-standard work is an interesting and important one, there is relatively little existing empirical evidence on the topic.
The general purpose of this paper is to report the results of an empirical analysis that exploits the self-employment status indicator available in the National Graduates Survey (and Follow-Up) databases. It documents and analyses the patterns of self-employment amongst several cohorts of Canadian post-secondary graduates in the first five years following graduation. More specifically, it provides solid empirical documentation of the incidence of self-employment (levels, patterns, trends) amongst recent college and university graduates, overall, and broken down by degree level, sex and year of graduation. This paper also addresses the issue of whether self-employment tends to be the preferred employment option (for those who enter it), or the result of a lack of suitable "conventional" employment opportunities, or some combination of the two.
There are two over-arching conclusions to be drawn from the analysis. First, the incidence of self-employment was relatively stable for the first three cohorts of graduates covered in the analysis. The overall rates ranged from 6.5 to 11.1 percent amongst male graduates and from 3.2 to 6.7 percent for females. The rates tended to be higher for some (but not all) graduates of the most recent cohort (graduates of 1995). Second, the evidence generally points to self-employment representing a relatively attractive job status on average: For every cohort the rates of self-employment rise from the first interview following graduation (after two years) to the second (after five years), an interval over which job opportunities generally improve significantly for graduates; Simple point-in-time (cross-sectional) comparisons of earnings, the job-education skill match, and job satisfaction levels suggest that although the results are somewhat mixed, there is little evidence that the self-employment status is generally characterized by less favourable outcomes, and is perhaps particularly marked by generally higher (not lower) overall levels of job satisfaction;Finally, both the conventional cross-sectional earnings model and the difference equations which control for various fixed effects with which job status might be correlated, further point to self-employment being a higher-paying (and therefore more attractive) job status than the conventional paid worker status.
Release date: 2002-03-21 - Articles and reports: 81-003-X20000035715Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study explores why female university students, who outnumber male students, remain underrepresented in several professions, including engineering.
Release date: 2001-06-08 - Articles and reports: 81-003-X20000015410Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article provides an analysis of the employment and earnings patterns of recent postsecondary graduates, based on three waves of the National Graduates Surveys.
Release date: 2000-11-29 - 10. Determinants of postsecondary participation ArchivedArticles and reports: 81-003-X19980034470Geography: CanadaDescription:
In today's changing economy, government, policy organizations, and members of the business community all emphasize the importance of knowledge, skills and lifelong learning for individuals to succeed in the labour market and for the economy to grow. Postsecondary education has been targeted as one of the key vehicles for producing a labour force ready to meet the challenge of the new workplace.
Release date: 1999-03-31
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