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All (104)

All (104) (30 to 40 of 104 results)

  • 31. Retiring with debt Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X201100211428
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    It is often assumed that over the life course most older workers will pay off their debts and save for retirement. However, research from the United States suggests that an increasing number of seniors who are in pre-retirement or are retired are now struggling with debt. This article uses the 2009 Canadian Financial Capability Survey to look at the proportion, type and level of debt among Canadian retirees age 55 and over. It examines the socio-economic and demographic factors influencing the likelihood of carrying any debt in retirement. The financial circumstances of indebted retirees are also examined, including three indicators of financial security.

    Release date: 2011-04-27
  • 32. How does personal bankruptcy affect retirement plans? Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-008-X201100111431
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Over the last two decades, the bankruptcy rate in Canada has been trending upwards, regardless of changing economic conditions; the age of people filing for bankruptcy has also been rising. Using the 2007 General Social Survey, this article identifies pre-retirees aged 45 to 64 who have experienced a bankruptcy and examines how they are preparing for retirement.

    Release date: 2011-04-21
  • 33. Consumption patterns among aging Canadians Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X201100211417
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Previous studies of older Canadians well-being have focused on changes in income as individuals age and leave the workforce. However, little has been published on the extent to which consumption levels change in this transitional period. This study uses data from the Survey of Family Expenditures and the Survey of Household Spending to develop a synthetic cohort approach to determine how the consumption patterns of households headed by those born in the late 1930s changed from middle age (in the early 1980s) to retirement (in the late 2000s).

    Release date: 2011-03-25
  • 34. Consumption Patterns Among Aging Canadians: A Synthetic Cohort Approach Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0027M2011067
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Studies of pre- and post-retirement annual income have focused on the extent to which income falls at this crucial stage in life. Although these studies vary in scope and intent, the overall consensus is that the Canadian retirement income system provides income replacement rates that are in the excess of 60% to 70% for a plurality of Canadians, especially for those who had low incomes during their prime working years. However, little has been published on the extent to which retirees maintain their same levels of consumption. Using data from the Survey of Family Expenditures (FAMEX) and from the Survey of Household Spending (SHS), this study develops a synthetic cohort approach to determine how the consumption patterns of households headed by individuals in their late 40s (in the early 1980s) differ from those of a group of households headed by individuals in their early 70s (in the late 2000s). It finds that, even though the nature of consumption changes over time, the overall levels of consumption "per adult" do not decline by substantial amounts among Canadians as they age.

    Release date: 2011-03-25
  • 35. Retirement, health and employment among those 55 plus Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X201100111402
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This study examines four distinct states of retirement among older Canadians: fully retired; partially retired; previously retired but returned to work; and never retired. Using the 2009 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) Healthy Aging, it presents the socio-economic characteristics of each group, and discusses their differing work patterns and health.

    Release date: 2011-01-31
  • 36. Incomes from Owner-occupied Housing for Working-age and Retirement-age Canadians, 1969 to 2006 Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0027M2010066
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Using data from the Survey of Household Spending and from its predecessor, the Survey of Family Expenditures, this paper investigates the relative incomes of retirement-age and working-age Canadians from 1969 to 2006, taking into account both explicit household income and the implicit income generated by owner-occupied housing. Over this 37-year period, the explicit incomes of retirement-age households increased at a more rapid pace than those of working-age households. Implicit income from owner-occupied housing also increased rapidly during this time, matching the rate at which the explicit income of retirement-age households increased. On average, this implicit source of earnings raised the incomes of retirement-age households (aged 70 and over) by 16%. Taking both forms of income into account, the incomes of retirement-age households (aged 70 and over), relative to the incomes of working-age households (aged 40 to 49), increased from 45% in 1969 to 59% in 2006. During this period, Canadians invested in housing assets that provided additional income upon retirement.

    Release date: 2010-12-09
  • 37. First Results from the Survey of Older Workers, 2008
    Journals and periodicals: 89-646-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The Survey of Older Workers is sponsored by the Labour Market Policy branch of Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSDC). The survey is designed to assess the labour market intentions and transitions of older Canadians. The subject matter is intended to identify "factors" that influence the decision to retire or remain working. In this context pensions, general finances, the role of dependents, the nature of work, health considerations etc., will be of primary concern in trying to understand workers' intentions and motivations.

    Release date: 2010-11-15
  • 38. Guide to the Canadian Pension Satellite Account
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-599-X
    Description: This guide presents an overview of the scope and structure of the Pension Satellite Account as well as the methodology used to derive its stocks and flows estimates.
    Release date: 2010-11-12
  • 39. Income replacement during the retirement years Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X201010811331
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article examines the extent to which family income of individuals in their mid-fifties is 'replaced' by other sources of income during the retirement years. It does so by tracking various cohorts of tax filers as they age from their mid-fifties to their late seventies and over. Earlier work examined this question for the 50% of the population with strong labour market attachment during their mid-fifties. This paper extends that work to include 80% to 85% of the population.

    Release date: 2010-08-27
  • 40. Replacing Family Income During the Retirement Years: How Are Canadians Doing? Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2010328
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper examines the extent to which family income during working years is replaced during the retirement years. It does so by tracking cohorts as they age from their mid-50s to their late 70s, using a taxation-based longitudinal data source that covers 26 years from 1982 to 2007. Earlier work by the same authors examined this question with respect to the 50% of the population with strong labour force attachment during their mid-50s. This paper extends that work to include almost all Canadians (80% to 85% of the population). The adult-equivalent-adjusted family income available to the median Canadian during his or her late 70s is about 80% of that observed when the same person was in his or her mid-50s (a replacement rate of 0.8). Replacement rates in retirement are negatively correlated with income earned around age 55. Median replacement rates are 1.1 among individuals in the bottom income quintile, 0.75 in the middle quintile, and 0.7 in the top quintile. In retirement, public pensions and other transfers more than replace earnings and other income of bottom quintile individuals. However, some individuals have very low replacement rates. For example, 20% of individuals in the middle income quintile had replacement rates below 0.6. More recent cohorts had higher family incomes in retirement than did earlier cohorts as a result of higher earnings and private-pension income.

    Release date: 2010-07-29
Data (4)

Data (4) ((4 results))

  • 1. PASSAGES microsimulation model
    Table: 89-26-0006
    Description: PASSAGES is an open-source dynamic microsimulation model aimed at supporting policy analysis and research relating to Canadian retirement income system outcomes at the individual and family level. The publicly available version includes a synthetic starting database, a model, and documentation. A confidential starting database is also available.
    Release date: 2024-04-23
  • 2. Survey of Older Workers: Public Use Microdata File
    Public use microdata: 89M0030X
    Description:

    The Survey of Older Workers (SOW) is a survey that was conducted in October and November of 2008 .The survey was conducted on behalf of Human Resources and Skills Development Canada with the objective to develop a statistical database providing estimates surrounding the issues of work and retirement as perceived by older workers in the 10 provinces. The fundamental objective of the SOW is an attempt to understand the components that are integral in the decision to either continue working or retire. In essence we are trying to obtain a better understanding of factors that are driving the decisions of older workers in regards to working and retirement.

    Release date: 2010-01-06
  • 3. General Social Survey, Cycle 21: Family, Social Support and Retirement ( 2007): Public Use Microdata File, Documentation and User's Guide
    Public use microdata: 12M0021X
    Description:

    This package was designed to enable users to access and manipulate the microdata file for the 21st cycle (2007) of the General Social Survey (GSS). It contains information on the objectives, methodology and estimation procedures, as well as guidelines for releasing estimates based on the survey. Cycle 21 of the GSS collected data from persons aged 45 years and over living in private households in the 10 provinces of Canada. The survey covered a wide range of topics such as well-being, family composition, retirement decisions and plans, care giving and care receiving experiences, social networks and housing.

    Release date: 2009-05-04
  • 4. General Social Survey, Cycle 16: Aging and Social Support (2002): Public Use Microdata File and Documentation, 2002 Archived
    Public use microdata: 12M0016X
    Geography: Province or territory
    Description:

    Cycle 16 of the GSS is the second cycle (after cycle 11) to collect information social support for older Canadians, introducing modules on preparations for retirement and retirement experience. The GSS is an annual telephone survey covering the non-institutionalized population in the 10 provinces. Respondents were randomly selected from a list of individuals aged 45 and over who had responded to another Statistics Canada survey. Data were collected over an 11-month period from February to December 2002. The representative sample had about 25,000 respondents. The response rate was almost 84%.

    The main objective of the 2002 GSS was to provide data on the aging population. However, the survey allows detailed analysis of characteristics of family and friends who provide care to seniors; characteristics of seniors receiving formal and informal care; links to broader determinants of health (such as income, education and social networks); and people's retirement plans and experiences.

    Release date: 2005-11-28
Analysis (91)

Analysis (91) (0 to 10 of 91 results)

  • 1. Canadian labour force: What will happen once baby boomers retire?
    Articles and reports: 75-006-X202400100005
    Description: This study uses various demographic scenarios to examine the effects of different immigration levels and labour force participation rates on the size and composition of the Canadian labour force to 2041. These scenarios take into account the targets of the 2024–2026 Immigration Levels Plan, published in November 2023 by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, as well as recent demographic developments, such as those related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in the number of permanent and temporary immigrants admitted to Canada in 2022 and 2023.
    Release date: 2024-08-06
  • 2. Labour Statistics at a Glance
    Journals and periodicals: 71-222-X
    Description: Labour Statistics at a Glance features short analytical articles on specific topics of interest related to Canada's labour market. The studies examine recent or historical trends using data produced by the Centre for Labour Market Information, i.e., the Labour Force Survey, the Survey of Employment Payrolls and Hours, the Job Vacancy and Wage Survey, the Employment Insurance Coverage Survey and the Employment Insurance Statistics Program.
    Release date: 2024-06-13
  • 3. A cross-cohort comparison of economic well-being during retirement years
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300500002
    Description: The financial security of seniors has long been a concern, especially in recent years, against the backdrop of an aging population. This study analyzes the extent to which pre-retirement lifestyles can be maintained into retirement years by comparing family incomes of five cohorts of individuals as they age from their mid 50s to late 70s.
    Release date: 2023-05-24
  • 4. A cross-cohort comparison of the economic impact of divorce and widowhood on seniors
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300400003
    Description: While past Canadian studies have assessed the short-term impact of divorce and widowhood on living standards during retirement years, less is known about the long-term impact and how living standards compare across cohorts. This study follows five cohorts of individuals as they age from their mid 50s to their late 70s.
    Release date: 2023-05-08
  • 5. Income in retirement: Expectations versus reality
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2022088
    Description:

    This infographic examines whether the financial expectations of non-retired Canadians were met upon retiring, as captured in Wave 5 (2020) of the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults. In 2014, a group of non-retired Canadians aged 55 or older were asked about their financial expectations for retirement. New data from 2020 reveal how this same group of Canadians-now retired-is doing financially.

    Release date: 2022-12-13
  • 6. Understanding the tax implications of Registered Retirement Savings Plans
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200200002
    Description:

    A Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) is a tax-deductible savings vehicle designed to encourage people to save for their retirement. Contributions are made with pre-tax income, and taxation is deferred to the time when funds are withdrawn, typically in retirement when marginal tax rates are otherwise low, resulting in tax savings over the life cycle. However, RRSP funds do not lock in and there are no early withdrawal penalties by the tax system, which means pre-retirement withdrawals are frequent. This prevalence of pre-retirement RRSP withdrawals raises the question of what reasons, aside from retirement planning, lead people to use these plans. To explore this issue, new research by Statistics Canada and the Retirement and Savings Institute (RSI) at HEC Montréal considers how a person’s financial literacy affects the timing of contributions to and withdrawals from RRSPs.

    Release date: 2022-02-23
  • 7. Reasons for working at 60 and beyond Archived
    Articles and reports: 71-222-X2018003
    Description:

    Using data from the Labour Force Survey, this analysis provides new information on the labour force participation of older Canadians, defined in this analysis as persons aged 60 years and older, by shedding light on the reasons why they were working.

    Release date: 2018-12-14
  • 8. Recent trends for the population aged 15 to 64 in Canada
    Stats in brief: 98-200-X2016003
    Description:

    This Census in Brief article examines recent trends for the population aged 15 to 64. It includes comparisons between provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas, and municipalities, as well as between G7 countries. This article also provides some insights on the proportion of people aged 55 to 64 among the population aged 15 to 64.

    Release date: 2017-05-03
  • 9. The Effects of Education on Canadians’ Retirement Savings Behaviour Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2017391
    Description:

    This paper assesses the extent to which education affects how Canadians save and accumulate wealth for retirement. The paper makes three contributions. First, a descriptive analysis is presented of differences in savings and home values across individuals based on their levels of educational attainment. To this end, new datasets that link survey respondents from the 1991 and 2006 censuses of Canada to their administrative tax records are used. These data provide a unique opportunity to jointly observe education, savings, home values, and a plethora of other factors of relevance. Second, the causal effect of high school completion on savings rates in tax-preferred accounts is estimated, exploiting compulsory schooling reforms in the identification. Third, building on a recent study by Messacar (2015), education is also found to affect how individuals re-optimize their savings rates in response to an automatic change in pension wealth accumulation. The implications of this study’s findings for the “nudge paradigm” in behavioural economics are discussed.

    Release date: 2017-03-27
  • 10. Seniors’ income from 1976 to 2014: Four decades, two stories Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-630-X2016008
    Description:

    This edition of Canadian Megatrends looks at Canadian seniors’ income since the-mid 1970s.

    Release date: 2016-11-10
Reference (8)

Reference (8) ((8 results))

  • 1. The General Social Survey: An Overview
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 89F0115X
    Description:

    This document provides a comprehensive reference to the information available from the General Social Survey (GSS). It provides a description of the content of each of the 18 GSS cycles (e.g. time use, social support, education, the family), as well as background information, target population and collection methodology. A list of the products and services available from each cycle is also included.

    Release date: 2019-02-20
  • 2. Guide to the Canadian Pension Satellite Account
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-599-X
    Description: This guide presents an overview of the scope and structure of the Pension Satellite Account as well as the methodology used to derive its stocks and flows estimates.
    Release date: 2010-11-12
  • 3. New Frontiers of Research on Retirement - Technical Annex Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75-512-X
    Description:

    This book provides technical documentation of variables, methodologies and extended lists of references used in developing the research findings reported in "New Frontiers of Research on Retirement". It will be used around the world by researchers and teachers, as well as by students preparing theses related to patterns of transition to retirement. This documentation is important because a large part of book is devoted to scientific papers that are based upon Statistics Canada's data and which require substantial innovations of useful concepts and data.

    Release date: 2008-09-08
  • 4. The General Social Survey: New Data Overview Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 89-631-X
    Description:

    This report highlights the latest developments and rationale behind recent cycles of the General Social Survey (GSS). Starting with an overview of the GSS mandate and historic cycle topics, we then focus on two recent cycles related to families in Canada: Family Transitions (2006) and Family, Social Support and Retirement (2007). Finally, we give a summary of what is to come in the 2008 GSS on Social Networks, and describe a special project to mark 'Twenty Years of GSS'.

    The survey collects data over a twelve month period from the population living in private households in the 10 provinces. For all cycles except Cycles 16 and 21, the population aged 15 and older has been sampled. Cycles 16 and 21 sampled persons aged 45 and older.

    Cycle 20 (GSS 2006) is the fourth cycle of the GSS to collect data on families (the first three cycles on the family were in 1990, 1995 and 2001). Cycle 20 covers much the same content as previous cycles on families with some sections revised and expanded. The data enable analysts to measure conjugal and fertility history (chronology of marriages, common-law unions, and children), family origins, children's home leaving, fertility intentions, child custody as well as work history and other socioeconomic characteristics. Questions on financial support agreements or arrangements (for children and the ex-spouse or ex-partner) for separated and divorced families have been modified. Also, sections on social networks, well-being and housing characteristics have been added.

    Release date: 2008-05-27
  • 5. Survey of Financial Security - Methodology for Estimating the Value of Employer Pension Plan Benefits Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13F0026M2001003
    Description:

    Initial results from the Survey of Financial Security (SFS), which provides information on the net worth of Canadians, were released on March 15 2001, in The daily. The survey collected information on the value of the financial and non-financial assets owned by each family unit and on the amount of their debt.

    Statistics Canada is currently refining this initial estimate of net worth by adding to it an estimate of the value of benefits accrued in employer pension plans. This is an important addition to any asset and debt survey as, for many family units, it is likely to be one of the largest assets. With the aging of the population, information on pension accumulations is greatly needed to better understand the financial situation of those nearing retirement. These updated estimates of the Survey of Financial Security will be released in late fall 2001.

    The process for estimating the value of employer pension plan benefits is a complex one. This document describes the methodology for estimating that value, for the following groups: a) persons who belonged to an RPP at the time of the survey (referred to as current plan members); b) persons who had previously belonged to an RPP and either left the money in the plan or transferred it to a new plan; c) persons who are receiving RPP benefits.

    This methodology was proposed by Hubert Frenken and Michael Cohen. The former has many years of experience with Statistics Canada working with data on employer pension plans; the latter is a principal with the actuarial consulting firm William M. Mercer. Earlier this year, Statistics Canada carried out a public consultation on the proposed methodology. This report includes updates made as a result of feedback received from data users.

    Release date: 2001-09-05
  • 6. Retirement Income Programs: An Inventory of Data/Information Available at Statistics Canada Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13F0026M2000001
    Description:

    The intent of this document is to provide an inventory of the surveys, databases, publications, articles and work in progress in Statistics Canada that relate to Canada's retirement income programs. The inventory provides information on publications, output and relevant data elements produced by the surveys and databases. It does not provide an exhaustive description of these data sources, but instead focuses on the information that can be used for purposes of researching/analysing retirement income programs. Some of the information contained does not specifically relate to these programs but might be used as a secondary source when doing research in this area.

    Release date: 2000-03-06
  • 7. Guide to Statistics Canada Information and Data Sources on Adult Education and Training Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 81-580-X
    Description:

    The adult education and training sector is as complex as it is dynamic. In order to describe all its facets, Statistics Canada surveys many different populations. Given the number of data sources and their conceptual and methodological differences, it is sometimes very difficult for researchers and decision makers to obtain required information or data. This guide is a tool that has been developed to assist them. It provides a summary description of all Statistics Canada surveys related to adult education and training. From a selected variable, it allows the identification of surveys that can provide information. It also indicates relevant publications and how to obtain additional information.

    Release date: 1997-03-12
  • 8. SLID Test 3B Results: Income Sources Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1993015
    Description:

    This paper outlines the results of an initial evaluation of the income items in the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) test 3B.

    Release date: 1995-12-30
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