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- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 91-528-XDescription: The Technical Guide on Demographic Estimates at Statistics Canada provides detailed descriptions of the most current data sources and methods used by the Centre for demography at Statistics Canada to produce demographic estimates as part of the Demographic estimates program. They comprise postcensal and intercensal population estimates; base population; births and deaths; immigrants; emigrants; returning emigrants; non-permanent residents; interprovincial migration; subprovincial estimates of population and intraprovincial migration; population estimates by age and gender; and census family estimates. A glossary of commonly used terms is available at the end of the guide.Release date: 2025-12-17
- Articles and reports: 82-003-X200800310681Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article describes the methods used to link census data from the long-form questionnaire to mortality data, and reports simple findings for the major groups, defined by income, education, occupation, language and ethnicity, Aboriginal or visible minority status, and disability status.
Release date: 2008-09-17 - 3. Estimation of attributable number of deaths and standard errors from simple and complex sampled cohorts ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110400Description:
Estimates of the attributable number of deaths (AD) from all-causes can be obtained by first estimating population attributable risk (AR) adjusted for confounding covariates, and then multiplying the AR by the number of deaths determined from vital mortality statistics that occurred for a specific time period. Proportional hazard regression estimates of adjusted relative hazards obtained from mortality follow-up data from a cohort or a survey is combined with a joint distribution of risk factor and confounding covariates to compute an adjusted AR. Two estimators of adjusted AR are examined, which differ according to the reference population that the joint distribution of risk factor and confounders is obtained. The two types of reference populations considered: (i) the population that is represented by the baseline cohort and (ii) a population that is external to the cohort. Methods based on influence function theory are applied to obtain expressions for estimating the variance of the AD estimator. These variance estimators can be applied to data that range from simple random samples to (sample) weighted multi-stage stratified cluster samples from national household surveys. The variance estimation of AD is illustrated in an analysis of excess deaths due to having a non-ideal body mass index using data from the second National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) Mortality Study and the 1999-2002 NHANES. These methods can also be used to estimate the attributable number of cause-specific deaths or incident cases of a disease and their standard errors when the time period for the accrual of is short.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - 4. Growth models: an interesting approach to study the evolution of the health status of the elderly ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X20050019491Geography: CanadaDescription:
Evaluating the impact of changes to services on the health status of frail elderly adults calls for longitudinal studies. Many subjects are however lost during follow-up because of the high incidence of death in this population. Traditional methods of repeated measures analysis are thus inappropriate since they ignore subjects with incomplete follow-up data. This leads to a considerable reduction in sample size and to biases.
Release date: 2007-03-02 - 5. Death clearance overview, 2006 edition ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 82-225-X20060099205Description:
The Death Clearance Overview document describes the Death Clearance module of the Canadian Cancer Registry, its structure, its function and its role in the operation of the national cancer registry. Inputs and outputs are listed and briefly described, as well as the different steps constituting the Death Clearance process.
Release date: 2006-07-07 - 6. Inferences for finite populations using multiple data sources with different reference times ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X20020016733Description:
While censuses and surveys are often said to measure populations as they are, most reflect information about individuals as they were at the time of measurement, or even at some prior time point. Inferences from such data therefore should take into account change over time at both the population and individual levels. In this paper, we provide a unifying framework for such inference problems, illustrating it through a diverse series of examples including: (1) estimating residency status on Census Day using multiple administrative records, (2) combining administrative records for estimating the size of the US population, (3) using rolling averages from the American Community Survey, and (4) estimating the prevalence of human rights abuses.
Specifically, at the population level, the estimands of interest, such as the size or mean characteristics of a population, might be changing. At the same time, individual subjects might be moving in and out of the frame of the study or changing their characteristics. Such changes over time can affect statistical studies of government data that combine information from multiple data sources, including censuses, surveys and administrative records, an increasingly common practice. Inferences from the resulting merged databases often depend heavily on specific choices made in combining, editing and analysing the data that reflect assumptions about how populations of interest change or remain stable over time.
Release date: 2004-09-13 - 7. Census coverage error: A demographic evaluation ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X20000015177Description:
The 1996 Canadian Census is adjusted for coverage error as estimated primarily through the Reverse Record Check (RRC). In this paper, we will show how there is a wealth of additional information from the 1996 Reverse Record Check of direct value to population estimation. Beyond its ability to estimate coverage error, it is possible to extend the Reverse Record Check classification results to obtain an alternative estimate of demographic growth - potentially decomposed by component. This added feature of the Reverse Record Check provides promise in the evaluation of estimated census coverage error as well as insight as to possible problems in the estimation of selected components in the population estimates program.
Release date: 2000-08-30 - Journals and periodicals: 84F0013XGeography: Canada, Province or territoryDescription:
This study was initiated to test the validity of probabilistic linkage methods used at Statistics Canada. It compared the results of data linkages on infant deaths in Canada with infant death data from Nova Scotia and Alberta. It also compared the availability of fetal deaths on the national and provincial files.
Release date: 1999-10-08 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X19970023618Description:
Statistical agencies often constitute their business panels by Poisson sampling, or by stratified sampling of fixed size and uniform probabilities in each stratum. This stampling corresponds to algorithms which use permanent numbers following a uniform distribution. Since the characteristics of the units change over time, it is necessary to periodically conduct resamplings while endeavouring to conserve the maximum number of units. The solution by Poisson sampling is the simplest and provides the maximum theoretical coverage, but with the disadvantage of a random sample size. On the other hand, in the case of stratified sampling of fixed size, the changes in strata cause difficulties precisely because of these fixed size constraints. An initial difficulty is that the finer the stratification, the more the coverage is decreased. Indeed, this is likely to occur if births constitute separate strata. We show how this effect can be corrected by rendering the numbers equidistant before resampling. The disadvantage, a fairly minor one, is that in each stratum the sampling is no longer a simple random sampling, which makes the estimation of the variance less rigorous. Another difficulty is reconciling the resampling with an eventual rotation of the units in the sample. We present a type of algorithm which extends after resampling the rotation before resampling. It is based on transformations of the random numbers used for the sampling, so as to return to resampling without rotation. These transformations are particularly simple when they involve equidistant numbers, but can also be carried out with the numbers following a uniform distribution.
Release date: 1998-03-12 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1997099Geography: CanadaDescription:
Context : Lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer deaths in Canadian males for many years, and since 1994, this has been the case for Canadian femalesas well. It is therefore important to evaluate the resources required for its diagnosis and treatment. This article presents an estimate of the direct medical costsassociated with the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer calculated through the use of a micro-simulation model. For disease incidence, 1992 was chosen as thereference year, whereas costs are evaluated according to the rates that prevailed in 1993.Methods : A model for lung cancer has been incorporated into the Population Health Model (POHEM). The parameters of the model were drawn in part fromStatistics Canada's Canadian Cancer Registry (CCR), which provides information on the incidence and histological classification of lung cancer cases in Canada.The distribution of cancer stage at diagnosis was estimated by using information from two provincial cancer registries. A team of oncologists derived "typical" treatment approaches reflective of current practice, and the associated direct costs were calculated for these approaches. Once this information and the appropriatesurvival curves were incorporated into the POHEM model, overall costs of treatment were estimated by means of a Monte Carlo simulation.Results: It is estimated that overall, the direct medical costs of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment were just over $528 million. The cost per year of life gained as aresult of treatment of the disease was approximately $19,450. For the first time in Canada, it was possible to estimate the five year costs following diagnosis, bystage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. It was possible to estimate the cost per year of additional life gained for three alternative treatments of non small-cell lungcancer (NSCLC). Sensitivity analyses showed that these costs varied between $1,870 and $6,860 per year of additional life gained, which compares favourablywith the costs that the treatment of other diseases may involve.Conclusions: Contrary to widespread perceptions, it appears that the treatment of lung cancer is effective from an economic standpoint. In addition, the use of amicro-simulation model such as POHEM not only makes it possible to incorporate information from various sources in a coherent manner but also offers thepossibility of estimating the effect of alternative medical procedures from the standpoint of financial pressures on the health care system.
Release date: 1997-04-22
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Analysis (8)
Analysis (8) ((8 results))
- Articles and reports: 82-003-X200800310681Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article describes the methods used to link census data from the long-form questionnaire to mortality data, and reports simple findings for the major groups, defined by income, education, occupation, language and ethnicity, Aboriginal or visible minority status, and disability status.
Release date: 2008-09-17 - 2. Estimation of attributable number of deaths and standard errors from simple and complex sampled cohorts ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110400Description:
Estimates of the attributable number of deaths (AD) from all-causes can be obtained by first estimating population attributable risk (AR) adjusted for confounding covariates, and then multiplying the AR by the number of deaths determined from vital mortality statistics that occurred for a specific time period. Proportional hazard regression estimates of adjusted relative hazards obtained from mortality follow-up data from a cohort or a survey is combined with a joint distribution of risk factor and confounding covariates to compute an adjusted AR. Two estimators of adjusted AR are examined, which differ according to the reference population that the joint distribution of risk factor and confounders is obtained. The two types of reference populations considered: (i) the population that is represented by the baseline cohort and (ii) a population that is external to the cohort. Methods based on influence function theory are applied to obtain expressions for estimating the variance of the AD estimator. These variance estimators can be applied to data that range from simple random samples to (sample) weighted multi-stage stratified cluster samples from national household surveys. The variance estimation of AD is illustrated in an analysis of excess deaths due to having a non-ideal body mass index using data from the second National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) Mortality Study and the 1999-2002 NHANES. These methods can also be used to estimate the attributable number of cause-specific deaths or incident cases of a disease and their standard errors when the time period for the accrual of is short.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - 3. Growth models: an interesting approach to study the evolution of the health status of the elderly ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X20050019491Geography: CanadaDescription:
Evaluating the impact of changes to services on the health status of frail elderly adults calls for longitudinal studies. Many subjects are however lost during follow-up because of the high incidence of death in this population. Traditional methods of repeated measures analysis are thus inappropriate since they ignore subjects with incomplete follow-up data. This leads to a considerable reduction in sample size and to biases.
Release date: 2007-03-02 - 4. Inferences for finite populations using multiple data sources with different reference times ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X20020016733Description:
While censuses and surveys are often said to measure populations as they are, most reflect information about individuals as they were at the time of measurement, or even at some prior time point. Inferences from such data therefore should take into account change over time at both the population and individual levels. In this paper, we provide a unifying framework for such inference problems, illustrating it through a diverse series of examples including: (1) estimating residency status on Census Day using multiple administrative records, (2) combining administrative records for estimating the size of the US population, (3) using rolling averages from the American Community Survey, and (4) estimating the prevalence of human rights abuses.
Specifically, at the population level, the estimands of interest, such as the size or mean characteristics of a population, might be changing. At the same time, individual subjects might be moving in and out of the frame of the study or changing their characteristics. Such changes over time can affect statistical studies of government data that combine information from multiple data sources, including censuses, surveys and administrative records, an increasingly common practice. Inferences from the resulting merged databases often depend heavily on specific choices made in combining, editing and analysing the data that reflect assumptions about how populations of interest change or remain stable over time.
Release date: 2004-09-13 - 5. Census coverage error: A demographic evaluation ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X20000015177Description:
The 1996 Canadian Census is adjusted for coverage error as estimated primarily through the Reverse Record Check (RRC). In this paper, we will show how there is a wealth of additional information from the 1996 Reverse Record Check of direct value to population estimation. Beyond its ability to estimate coverage error, it is possible to extend the Reverse Record Check classification results to obtain an alternative estimate of demographic growth - potentially decomposed by component. This added feature of the Reverse Record Check provides promise in the evaluation of estimated census coverage error as well as insight as to possible problems in the estimation of selected components in the population estimates program.
Release date: 2000-08-30 - Journals and periodicals: 84F0013XGeography: Canada, Province or territoryDescription:
This study was initiated to test the validity of probabilistic linkage methods used at Statistics Canada. It compared the results of data linkages on infant deaths in Canada with infant death data from Nova Scotia and Alberta. It also compared the availability of fetal deaths on the national and provincial files.
Release date: 1999-10-08 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X19970023618Description:
Statistical agencies often constitute their business panels by Poisson sampling, or by stratified sampling of fixed size and uniform probabilities in each stratum. This stampling corresponds to algorithms which use permanent numbers following a uniform distribution. Since the characteristics of the units change over time, it is necessary to periodically conduct resamplings while endeavouring to conserve the maximum number of units. The solution by Poisson sampling is the simplest and provides the maximum theoretical coverage, but with the disadvantage of a random sample size. On the other hand, in the case of stratified sampling of fixed size, the changes in strata cause difficulties precisely because of these fixed size constraints. An initial difficulty is that the finer the stratification, the more the coverage is decreased. Indeed, this is likely to occur if births constitute separate strata. We show how this effect can be corrected by rendering the numbers equidistant before resampling. The disadvantage, a fairly minor one, is that in each stratum the sampling is no longer a simple random sampling, which makes the estimation of the variance less rigorous. Another difficulty is reconciling the resampling with an eventual rotation of the units in the sample. We present a type of algorithm which extends after resampling the rotation before resampling. It is based on transformations of the random numbers used for the sampling, so as to return to resampling without rotation. These transformations are particularly simple when they involve equidistant numbers, but can also be carried out with the numbers following a uniform distribution.
Release date: 1998-03-12 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1997099Geography: CanadaDescription:
Context : Lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer deaths in Canadian males for many years, and since 1994, this has been the case for Canadian femalesas well. It is therefore important to evaluate the resources required for its diagnosis and treatment. This article presents an estimate of the direct medical costsassociated with the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer calculated through the use of a micro-simulation model. For disease incidence, 1992 was chosen as thereference year, whereas costs are evaluated according to the rates that prevailed in 1993.Methods : A model for lung cancer has been incorporated into the Population Health Model (POHEM). The parameters of the model were drawn in part fromStatistics Canada's Canadian Cancer Registry (CCR), which provides information on the incidence and histological classification of lung cancer cases in Canada.The distribution of cancer stage at diagnosis was estimated by using information from two provincial cancer registries. A team of oncologists derived "typical" treatment approaches reflective of current practice, and the associated direct costs were calculated for these approaches. Once this information and the appropriatesurvival curves were incorporated into the POHEM model, overall costs of treatment were estimated by means of a Monte Carlo simulation.Results: It is estimated that overall, the direct medical costs of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment were just over $528 million. The cost per year of life gained as aresult of treatment of the disease was approximately $19,450. For the first time in Canada, it was possible to estimate the five year costs following diagnosis, bystage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. It was possible to estimate the cost per year of additional life gained for three alternative treatments of non small-cell lungcancer (NSCLC). Sensitivity analyses showed that these costs varied between $1,870 and $6,860 per year of additional life gained, which compares favourablywith the costs that the treatment of other diseases may involve.Conclusions: Contrary to widespread perceptions, it appears that the treatment of lung cancer is effective from an economic standpoint. In addition, the use of amicro-simulation model such as POHEM not only makes it possible to incorporate information from various sources in a coherent manner but also offers thepossibility of estimating the effect of alternative medical procedures from the standpoint of financial pressures on the health care system.
Release date: 1997-04-22
Reference (2)
Reference (2) ((2 results))
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 91-528-XDescription: The Technical Guide on Demographic Estimates at Statistics Canada provides detailed descriptions of the most current data sources and methods used by the Centre for demography at Statistics Canada to produce demographic estimates as part of the Demographic estimates program. They comprise postcensal and intercensal population estimates; base population; births and deaths; immigrants; emigrants; returning emigrants; non-permanent residents; interprovincial migration; subprovincial estimates of population and intraprovincial migration; population estimates by age and gender; and census family estimates. A glossary of commonly used terms is available at the end of the guide.Release date: 2025-12-17
- 2. Death clearance overview, 2006 edition ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 82-225-X20060099205Description:
The Death Clearance Overview document describes the Death Clearance module of the Canadian Cancer Registry, its structure, its function and its role in the operation of the national cancer registry. Inputs and outputs are listed and briefly described, as well as the different steps constituting the Death Clearance process.
Release date: 2006-07-07