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- Articles and reports: 88-003-X20060039532Geography: CanadaDescription:
Data from the Research and Development in Canadian Industry Survey reveal that between 1994 and 2002 - 31,190 enterprises undertook research and development (R&D) activities for at least one year. However, only 5% (1,699) can be considered persistent R&D performers, appearing on the R&D in Canadian Industry database for nine years. It appears that the size of the R&D expenditure groups that firms belong to influences their level of persistence in R&D performance. This article investigates that premise.
Release date: 2006-12-06 - 2. Product Market Competition and Agency Costs ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2006287Geography: CanadaDescription: We model the effects of product market competition on agency costs, and develop two main empirical predictions. First, competition, by reducing agency costs, unambiguously increases the importance firms place on quality improvements. This leads to higher powered incentives, and in turn to increased effort and quality. Second, these effects are increasing in the severity of agency problems, and should be stronger in large, hierarchical corporations (where agency problems are more severe) than in entrepreneurial firms. We test the predictions of our model using a unique dataset with both firm and employee characteristics.Release date: 2006-12-04
- Articles and reports: 11-010-X20060109500Geography: Canada, Geographical region of CanadaDescription:
The number and rate of bankruptcies have fallen steadily since the mid-1990s. However, the liabilities from these failures have trended up, implying that more large firms are going bankrupt. There has been a marked narrowing of regional differences in bankruptcy rates.
Release date: 2006-10-12 - Articles and reports: 11-624-M2006015Geography: CanadaDescription: This paper provides an overview of the long-run trend in business bankruptcies in Canada, examines the reaction of bankruptcies by region to the stresses associated with fluctuations in the economy and analyses the relation between the incidence of bankruptcies and the economic health of the regions. Over the past 25 years, Canadian businesses have experienced a number of tumultuous periods. After 2 decades of high bankruptcy associated with 2 major recessions and the implementation of 2 free trade agreements in the 1980s and 1990s, bankruptcies have returned by 2005 to levels experienced in the early 1980s. At the same time, the differences between the bankruptcy rates of Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia fell as the intensity of bankruptcies in these 3 provinces converged. Throughout the period, bankruptcies in these 3 provinces moved in concert with unemployment rates in most provinces. The exceptions are Alberta and Nova Scotia, which experienced marked increases in bankruptcies in the early 1990s.Release date: 2006-10-12
- Articles and reports: 11F0027M2006042Geography: CanadaDescription: This paper investigates the extent to which productivity growth is the result of firm turnover as output is shifted from one firm to another, driven by the competitive process. Turnover occurs as some firms gain market share and others lose it. Some of the resulting turnover is due to entry and exit. Another part arises from growth and decline in incumbent continuing firms. This paper proposes a method for measuring the impact of firm turnover on productivity growth and shows that it is far more important than many previous empirical studies have concluded. It argues that firm turnover associated with competition is the main source of aggregate labour productivity growth in Canadian manufacturing industries.Release date: 2006-09-25
- Articles and reports: 11-622-M2006013Geography: CanadaDescription: This paper summarizes the findings of a research program aimed at outlining the importance to the firm growth process of competencies that arise from investments in intangible assets. The program has consisted of two parts. First, longitudinal databases have provided a rich set of studies on entry, exit, mergers and other aspects of dynamics related to growth and decline in firm populations. These studies have shown the pervasiveness of growth and decline in the firm population. By themselves, these studies do not demonstrate what strategies differentiate the most successful from the least successful. To do so, we have built a set of firm surveys that allowed profiles to be developed of the type of competencies that stem from investments in organizational capital. In turn, these are linked to administrative data that allow us to classify firms as either growing or declining. We then asked how differences in competencies were related to the performance of firms.Release date: 2006-09-18
- 7. Head office employment in Canada, 1999 to 2005 ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-010-X20060079272Geography: CanadaDescription:
Despite continuing concerns that rising levels of foreign investment might lead to the hollowing-out of corporate Canada, there is little evidence that this was occurring. The number of head offices in Canada and their employment continued to rise, led by foreign-controlled firms.
Release date: 2006-07-13 - 8. Head Office Employment in Canada, 1999 to 2005 ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-624-M2006014Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper provides an analysis of trends in business sector head office employment in Canada from 1999 to 2005. It investigates changes in the number of head offices and head office employment over this period. The paper also examines the effect of foreign ownership on head office employment. It asks how much foreign-controlled firms contribute to Canadian head office employment and employment growth and what happens to head office employment when control of a firm changes from domestic to foreign. The paper also looks at the rate at which head offices enter and exit over time with a view to ascertaining whether the loss of a head office is a rare occurrence or a relatively common event. Finally, the paper presents trends in head office employment across metropolitan areas over the past six years.
Release date: 2006-07-13 - Articles and reports: 88-003-X20060029238Geography: CanadaDescription:
In Canada, two-in three new businesses do not survive to their fifth year. Business incubators provide space, advice and other support designed to assist new and growing businesses to become established and profitable. There are at least 78 operating business incubators in Canada and their funding totals almost $40 million which are discussed in this article.
Release date: 2006-06-27 - 10. How Are Canadian Regions Adjusting to a Larger and More Integrated North American Market? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0027M2006039Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper relates to two understudied, but increasingly important concerns: the measurement of regional integration, and the regional benefits to North American economic integration. The objective is to measure Canada's regional integration in manufacturing industries with that of the United States, and examine the regional impact of growing trade integration on productivity growth and select other economic performance variables.
Our research shows that Canada and each of its regions are becoming more integrated in trade in manufactures with the United States, but Ontario is much more integrated than the rest of Canada. While all regions have benefited through improved productivity performance, higher wages and higher output growth, Ontario has been the principal beneficiary. No evidence was found that increased trade integration in manufactures with the United States caused anything more than short-run adjustment losses in employment. Canada and each of its regions have expanded their share of North American manufacturing which stands in sharp contrast to the supposition that it would be the United States that would experience a growth in North American production share (Krugman, 1980).
Release date: 2006-05-31
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Analysis (18)
Analysis (18) (0 to 10 of 18 results)
- Articles and reports: 88-003-X20060039532Geography: CanadaDescription:
Data from the Research and Development in Canadian Industry Survey reveal that between 1994 and 2002 - 31,190 enterprises undertook research and development (R&D) activities for at least one year. However, only 5% (1,699) can be considered persistent R&D performers, appearing on the R&D in Canadian Industry database for nine years. It appears that the size of the R&D expenditure groups that firms belong to influences their level of persistence in R&D performance. This article investigates that premise.
Release date: 2006-12-06 - 2. Product Market Competition and Agency Costs ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2006287Geography: CanadaDescription: We model the effects of product market competition on agency costs, and develop two main empirical predictions. First, competition, by reducing agency costs, unambiguously increases the importance firms place on quality improvements. This leads to higher powered incentives, and in turn to increased effort and quality. Second, these effects are increasing in the severity of agency problems, and should be stronger in large, hierarchical corporations (where agency problems are more severe) than in entrepreneurial firms. We test the predictions of our model using a unique dataset with both firm and employee characteristics.Release date: 2006-12-04
- Articles and reports: 11-010-X20060109500Geography: Canada, Geographical region of CanadaDescription:
The number and rate of bankruptcies have fallen steadily since the mid-1990s. However, the liabilities from these failures have trended up, implying that more large firms are going bankrupt. There has been a marked narrowing of regional differences in bankruptcy rates.
Release date: 2006-10-12 - Articles and reports: 11-624-M2006015Geography: CanadaDescription: This paper provides an overview of the long-run trend in business bankruptcies in Canada, examines the reaction of bankruptcies by region to the stresses associated with fluctuations in the economy and analyses the relation between the incidence of bankruptcies and the economic health of the regions. Over the past 25 years, Canadian businesses have experienced a number of tumultuous periods. After 2 decades of high bankruptcy associated with 2 major recessions and the implementation of 2 free trade agreements in the 1980s and 1990s, bankruptcies have returned by 2005 to levels experienced in the early 1980s. At the same time, the differences between the bankruptcy rates of Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia fell as the intensity of bankruptcies in these 3 provinces converged. Throughout the period, bankruptcies in these 3 provinces moved in concert with unemployment rates in most provinces. The exceptions are Alberta and Nova Scotia, which experienced marked increases in bankruptcies in the early 1990s.Release date: 2006-10-12
- Articles and reports: 11F0027M2006042Geography: CanadaDescription: This paper investigates the extent to which productivity growth is the result of firm turnover as output is shifted from one firm to another, driven by the competitive process. Turnover occurs as some firms gain market share and others lose it. Some of the resulting turnover is due to entry and exit. Another part arises from growth and decline in incumbent continuing firms. This paper proposes a method for measuring the impact of firm turnover on productivity growth and shows that it is far more important than many previous empirical studies have concluded. It argues that firm turnover associated with competition is the main source of aggregate labour productivity growth in Canadian manufacturing industries.Release date: 2006-09-25
- Articles and reports: 11-622-M2006013Geography: CanadaDescription: This paper summarizes the findings of a research program aimed at outlining the importance to the firm growth process of competencies that arise from investments in intangible assets. The program has consisted of two parts. First, longitudinal databases have provided a rich set of studies on entry, exit, mergers and other aspects of dynamics related to growth and decline in firm populations. These studies have shown the pervasiveness of growth and decline in the firm population. By themselves, these studies do not demonstrate what strategies differentiate the most successful from the least successful. To do so, we have built a set of firm surveys that allowed profiles to be developed of the type of competencies that stem from investments in organizational capital. In turn, these are linked to administrative data that allow us to classify firms as either growing or declining. We then asked how differences in competencies were related to the performance of firms.Release date: 2006-09-18
- 7. Head office employment in Canada, 1999 to 2005 ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-010-X20060079272Geography: CanadaDescription:
Despite continuing concerns that rising levels of foreign investment might lead to the hollowing-out of corporate Canada, there is little evidence that this was occurring. The number of head offices in Canada and their employment continued to rise, led by foreign-controlled firms.
Release date: 2006-07-13 - 8. Head Office Employment in Canada, 1999 to 2005 ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-624-M2006014Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper provides an analysis of trends in business sector head office employment in Canada from 1999 to 2005. It investigates changes in the number of head offices and head office employment over this period. The paper also examines the effect of foreign ownership on head office employment. It asks how much foreign-controlled firms contribute to Canadian head office employment and employment growth and what happens to head office employment when control of a firm changes from domestic to foreign. The paper also looks at the rate at which head offices enter and exit over time with a view to ascertaining whether the loss of a head office is a rare occurrence or a relatively common event. Finally, the paper presents trends in head office employment across metropolitan areas over the past six years.
Release date: 2006-07-13 - Articles and reports: 88-003-X20060029238Geography: CanadaDescription:
In Canada, two-in three new businesses do not survive to their fifth year. Business incubators provide space, advice and other support designed to assist new and growing businesses to become established and profitable. There are at least 78 operating business incubators in Canada and their funding totals almost $40 million which are discussed in this article.
Release date: 2006-06-27 - 10. How Are Canadian Regions Adjusting to a Larger and More Integrated North American Market? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0027M2006039Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper relates to two understudied, but increasingly important concerns: the measurement of regional integration, and the regional benefits to North American economic integration. The objective is to measure Canada's regional integration in manufacturing industries with that of the United States, and examine the regional impact of growing trade integration on productivity growth and select other economic performance variables.
Our research shows that Canada and each of its regions are becoming more integrated in trade in manufactures with the United States, but Ontario is much more integrated than the rest of Canada. While all regions have benefited through improved productivity performance, higher wages and higher output growth, Ontario has been the principal beneficiary. No evidence was found that increased trade integration in manufactures with the United States caused anything more than short-run adjustment losses in employment. Canada and each of its regions have expanded their share of North American manufacturing which stands in sharp contrast to the supposition that it would be the United States that would experience a growth in North American production share (Krugman, 1980).
Release date: 2006-05-31
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