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- 1. Paying off student loans ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X19980034002Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article examines the extent of indebtedness, the repayment record and the impact of high debt on postsecondary graduates who used government loans to help finance their studies.
Release date: 1998-12-14 - 2. Family income inequality, 1970-1995 ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19980044039Geography: CanadaDescription:
Income inequality among families increased between 1970 and 1995 as a result of the recessions of the early eighties and nineties. This article looks at the extend of, and changes in, family income inequality over the period. It also demonstrates the role of government transfer payments and personal income taxes in reducing inequality.
Release date: 1998-12-09 - 3. Income transition upon retirement ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19980044041Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article examines the situation of people who retired in the first half of the 1990s to see how well their retirement income has replaced their former income.
Release date: 1998-12-09 - 4. Markets, families and social transfers: trends in low income among the young and old, 1973-95 ArchivedArticles and reports: 89-553-X19980014018Geography: CanadaDescription:
In this chapter we document trends in social transfers, market incomes and family composition from 1973 through 1995, and their impact on the incidence of low-income among four generations: children (new-borns to those 14 years of age), young adults (25 to 34), the older working-age population (45 to 54), and the elderly (over 65).
Release date: 1998-11-05 - 5. Intergenerational income mobility in Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 89-553-X19980014020Geography: CanadaDescription:
Our objectives in this chapter are to determine the degree of intergenerational income mobility in Canada during the mid-1980s and 1990s and to investigate whether it has changed over time. In an era of increasing income inequality within a generation, it is important to understand whether equality of opportunity is preserved, or whether increasing polarization in labour market outcomes will be further exacerbated in the next generation.
Release date: 1998-11-05 - Articles and reports: 89-553-X19980014023Geography: CanadaDescription:
The primary goal of this chapter is to improve our understanding of the roles that family structure and low-income play in the determination of psychiatric disorders, poor school performance, and social problems among Canadian children. While there is broad agreement that environmental factors have an impact on these outcomes, until recently there has been little or no Canadian data with which to assess the importance of socio-economic factors in determining the incidence and severity of such problems.
Release date: 1998-11-05 - Articles and reports: 89-553-X19980014024Geography: CanadaDescription:
In this chapter, we assess the family's role in determining the acquisition of higher education and literacy. More specifically, our objective is to relate individual educational attainment, literacy abilities, and labour market characteristics to parental educational and labour market attributes. We compare different age cohorts and thereby examine relationships between parents and children over more than one generation.
Release date: 1998-11-05 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1998113Geography: CanadaDescription:
Our objective is to obtain an accurate estimate of the degree of intergenerational income mobility in Canada. We use income tax information on about 400,000 father-son pairs, and find intergenerational earnings elasticities to be about 0.2. Earnings mobility tends to be slightly greater than income mobility, but non-parametric techniques uncover significant non-linearities in both of these relationships. Intergenerational earnings mobility is greater at the lower end of the income distribution than at the upper end, and displays an inverted V-shape elsewhere. Intergenerational income mobility follows roughly the same pattern, but is much lower at the very top of the income distribution.
Release date: 1998-10-27 - Articles and reports: 63-016-X19980023999Geography: CanadaDescription:
Consumer expenditures by households are increasingly a driving force behind economic growth - not only for many individual industries, but also for the overall economy. In 1996, personal expenditures amounted to 58.3% of Canada's nominal gross domestic product (GDP), up from 56.6% in 1986. Aggregate consumer spending patterns are affected by several factors. Consumer tastes can shift over time, as new commodities are introduced and others become outdated. As well, changes in the demographic, economic and social characteristics of consumers can affect consumer decisions, as can shifts in the relative prices, utilities and quality levels of different goods and services.
Release date: 1998-10-15 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1998124Geography: CanadaDescription:
Conventional wisdom has it that U. S. society is both richer and more unequal than Canadian society, and that both have become more unequal in recent decades. It is true that earnings inequality increased in both countries from 1974 to 1985. However, in the 1985 to 1995 period, while generally rising in the United States, earnings inequality fell marginally in Canada. At the same time, perhaps surprisingly, polarization-the spreading out of the earning distribution away from the median- fell over the past decade in both nations. Adding in the role of government income taxes and transfers, families' disposable incomes became more equal in Canada, but more unequal in the United States. Finally, a large portion of Canadian families had absolutely higher purchasing power than their U. S. counterparts.
Release date: 1998-07-08
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- 1. Paying off student loans ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X19980034002Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article examines the extent of indebtedness, the repayment record and the impact of high debt on postsecondary graduates who used government loans to help finance their studies.
Release date: 1998-12-14 - 2. Family income inequality, 1970-1995 ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19980044039Geography: CanadaDescription:
Income inequality among families increased between 1970 and 1995 as a result of the recessions of the early eighties and nineties. This article looks at the extend of, and changes in, family income inequality over the period. It also demonstrates the role of government transfer payments and personal income taxes in reducing inequality.
Release date: 1998-12-09 - 3. Income transition upon retirement ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19980044041Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article examines the situation of people who retired in the first half of the 1990s to see how well their retirement income has replaced their former income.
Release date: 1998-12-09 - 4. Markets, families and social transfers: trends in low income among the young and old, 1973-95 ArchivedArticles and reports: 89-553-X19980014018Geography: CanadaDescription:
In this chapter we document trends in social transfers, market incomes and family composition from 1973 through 1995, and their impact on the incidence of low-income among four generations: children (new-borns to those 14 years of age), young adults (25 to 34), the older working-age population (45 to 54), and the elderly (over 65).
Release date: 1998-11-05 - 5. Intergenerational income mobility in Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 89-553-X19980014020Geography: CanadaDescription:
Our objectives in this chapter are to determine the degree of intergenerational income mobility in Canada during the mid-1980s and 1990s and to investigate whether it has changed over time. In an era of increasing income inequality within a generation, it is important to understand whether equality of opportunity is preserved, or whether increasing polarization in labour market outcomes will be further exacerbated in the next generation.
Release date: 1998-11-05 - Articles and reports: 89-553-X19980014023Geography: CanadaDescription:
The primary goal of this chapter is to improve our understanding of the roles that family structure and low-income play in the determination of psychiatric disorders, poor school performance, and social problems among Canadian children. While there is broad agreement that environmental factors have an impact on these outcomes, until recently there has been little or no Canadian data with which to assess the importance of socio-economic factors in determining the incidence and severity of such problems.
Release date: 1998-11-05 - Articles and reports: 89-553-X19980014024Geography: CanadaDescription:
In this chapter, we assess the family's role in determining the acquisition of higher education and literacy. More specifically, our objective is to relate individual educational attainment, literacy abilities, and labour market characteristics to parental educational and labour market attributes. We compare different age cohorts and thereby examine relationships between parents and children over more than one generation.
Release date: 1998-11-05 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1998113Geography: CanadaDescription:
Our objective is to obtain an accurate estimate of the degree of intergenerational income mobility in Canada. We use income tax information on about 400,000 father-son pairs, and find intergenerational earnings elasticities to be about 0.2. Earnings mobility tends to be slightly greater than income mobility, but non-parametric techniques uncover significant non-linearities in both of these relationships. Intergenerational earnings mobility is greater at the lower end of the income distribution than at the upper end, and displays an inverted V-shape elsewhere. Intergenerational income mobility follows roughly the same pattern, but is much lower at the very top of the income distribution.
Release date: 1998-10-27 - Articles and reports: 63-016-X19980023999Geography: CanadaDescription:
Consumer expenditures by households are increasingly a driving force behind economic growth - not only for many individual industries, but also for the overall economy. In 1996, personal expenditures amounted to 58.3% of Canada's nominal gross domestic product (GDP), up from 56.6% in 1986. Aggregate consumer spending patterns are affected by several factors. Consumer tastes can shift over time, as new commodities are introduced and others become outdated. As well, changes in the demographic, economic and social characteristics of consumers can affect consumer decisions, as can shifts in the relative prices, utilities and quality levels of different goods and services.
Release date: 1998-10-15 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1998124Geography: CanadaDescription:
Conventional wisdom has it that U. S. society is both richer and more unequal than Canadian society, and that both have become more unequal in recent decades. It is true that earnings inequality increased in both countries from 1974 to 1985. However, in the 1985 to 1995 period, while generally rising in the United States, earnings inequality fell marginally in Canada. At the same time, perhaps surprisingly, polarization-the spreading out of the earning distribution away from the median- fell over the past decade in both nations. Adding in the role of government income taxes and transfers, families' disposable incomes became more equal in Canada, but more unequal in the United States. Finally, a large portion of Canadian families had absolutely higher purchasing power than their U. S. counterparts.
Release date: 1998-07-08
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