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- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11F0019M1995083Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines the robustness of a measure of the average complete duration of unemployment in Canada to a host of assumptions used in its derivation. In contrast to the average incomplete duration of unemployment, which is a lagging cyclical indicator, this statistic is a coincident indicator of the business cycle. The impact of using a steady state as opposed to a non steady state assumption, as well as the impact of various corrections for response bias are explored. It is concluded that a non steady state estimator would be a valuable compliment to the statistics on unemployment duration that are currently released by many statistical agencies, and particularly Statistics Canada.
Release date: 1995-12-30 - 2. The Duration of Unemployment: A User Guide ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M1995084Geography: CanadaDescription:
The objective of this paper is to introduce in a new measure of the average duration of unemployment spells using Canadian data. The paper summarizes the work of Corak (1993) and Corak and Heisz (1994) on the average complete duration of unemployment in a non-technical way by focusing on the distinction between it and the average incomplete duration of unemployment, which is regularly released by Statistics Canada. It is pointed out that the latter is a lagging cyclical indicator. The average complete duration of unemployment is a more accurate indicator of prevailing labour market conditions, but some assumptions required in its derivation also imply that it lags actual developments.
Release date: 1995-12-30 - 3. Tax assistance for pensions and RRSPs ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950042454Geography: CanadaDescription:
Using the new Revenue Canada RRSP room file, this study shows how current tax-assistance rules apply to members of different plans, how levels of tax-assisted savings can vary widely and how these savings are integrated. It also notes the number of persons falling into the various tax-assistance categories.
Release date: 1995-12-05 - 4. Who's saving for retirement? ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950042455Geography: CanadaDescription:
Current projections estimate that almost a quarter of the population will be 65 years or older by 2031. Ensuring that this group will have an adequate income has become an important concern. A look at the programs that now exist to help Canadians save for retirement, as well as who participates in them and how much is being saved.
Release date: 1995-12-05 - 5. RRSP - Unused opportunities ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950042456Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article provides previously unavailable information on RRSPs by tracking taxfilers' RRSP participation over a three-year period. It shows who contributed regularly, sporadically or not at all, and explores the extent to which individuals used their RRSP room.
Release date: 1995-12-05 - 6. Women as main wage-earners ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950042457Geography: CanadaDescription:
One of the most radical changes in Canadian society in the past 30 years has been the growth of dual-earner husband-wife families. Using the most recent data on families with employment income, this article examines couples in which wives earn more than their husbands, to see how they differ from the majority of working husband-wife families (those in which the husband is the main breadwinner).
Release date: 1995-12-05 - 7. Men retiring early: How are they doing? ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950042458Geography: CanadaDescription:
During the first half of the century, men generally worked until at least age 65. In the past four decades, however, an increasing proportion have been leaving the workforce before the traditional retirement age. How are these men doing financially?
Release date: 1995-12-05 - 8. Non-standard work on the rise ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950042459Geography: CanadaDescription:
Although most employed Canadians still work in one full-time, permanent paid job, various forms of non-standard work have become more common. In 1994, the General Social Survey collected data on a variety of forms of non-standard work arrangements, updating information gathered in 1989. This study uses data from both years to analyze the growth and changes in the distribution of non-standard work.
Release date: 1995-12-05 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1995085Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper investigates the characteristics of Canadian manufacturing plants that are related to the use of advanced technologies. The data used are taken from the 1989 Survey of Manufacturing Technology and are linked to administrative data taken from the Census of Manufacturers. Technology use is defined first as incidence (whether a technology is used) and second as intensity (the number of technologies used). These variables (incidence and intensity) are then related to a number of characteristics that represent the competencies of the plant reporting technology use -- its size, the size of its owning enterprise, the recent growth of the plant, the number of industries in which its owning enterprise operates, its age, and nationality. The results are then compared to several recent U.S. studies.
Release date: 1995-11-30 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1995086Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study examines the factors influencing a firm's decision to train, using data taken from several recent Statistic Canada surveys that explore advanced technology use by Canadian manufacturing plants. Advanced technology adoption has been both rapid and pervasive, leading to concerns about whether technology use is associated with an increase or a decrease in workers' skills. Based on the data collected through two surveys, this paper examines the relationship between technology use and the skill level of workers. It does so by first reporting on the opinions of managers of Canadian manufacturing establishments, who indicate that technology use leads to skill increases. Second, this paper examines the relationship between a plant's decision to train and certain other characteristics of the plant, including its technology use. Third, it investigates the factors related to the location of training in order to determine whether the training done by plants imparts primarily generic skills or plant-specific skills. Finally, it reports on survey results that show plants that introduced new technologies had to increase their expenditures for training.
Release date: 1995-11-30
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- 11. Causes of death: How the sexes differ ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X19950022509Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article examines sex-specific variations in death rates and causes of death at different ages in 1993, and trends in cause-specific death rates since 1950.
Release date: 1995-11-20 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1995082Geography: CanadaDescription:
Our aim in this paper is to resolve a paradox. Since the 1970s, there has been a downward secular trend in the average real and relative earnings of young adults under the age of 35. Despite the fact that most young children live in households headed by adults under 35, there has been no corresponding secular rise in the incidence of low income among children. Rather child poverty has followed the usual fluctuations of the business cycle.
We show that the relative stability in child poverty rates in the face of declining labour market earnings is a result of two factors. First, the decline in market income in young households with children has been offset by rising transfers. Since the 1970s, social transfers have replaced earnings as the main source of income among low income families with children.
Second, changes in the fertility behaviour and labour market characteristics of young adults have sharply reduced the risk of young children growing up in low income households. Today's young parents are better educated, working more hours, having fewer children, and postponing child-birth until later ages when earnings are higher. Although more children do find themselves in single parent families, this change has been swamped by other changes in family patterns and labour market behaviour that have reduced the risk of child poverty.
Thus, the upward pressure on low income among children stemming from the labour market has been offset by social transfers, on the one hand, and by changes in family formation and the labour market behaviour of young adults, on the other. Except for cyclical variations, the result has been relative stability in the incidence of low income among children over the 1980s and early 1990s. Whether these offsetting patterns will continue in the last half of the 1990s remains to be seen.
Release date: 1995-09-30 - 13. Employment prospects for high school graduates ArchivedStats in brief: 75-001-X19950031636Geography: CanadaDescription:
Since the late seventies, 25 to 29 year-olds with only a secondary school education have had more difficulty finding employment, and much more difficulty obtaining well-paid work. A glance at the changes over time in the labour market "success" of 25 to 29 year-old secondary school graduates.
Release date: 1995-09-05 - 14. Women in non-traditional occupations ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950031637Geography: CanadaDescription:
In the midst of extensive restructuring and downsizing, women have continued to enter male-dominated occupations, albeit more slowly than before. This study explores women's occupational crossovers from 1986 to 1991 and compares them with earlier developments between 1971 and 1986.
Release date: 1995-09-05 - Articles and reports: 75-001-X19950031638Geography: CanadaDescription:
Does graduation from a university co-op program provide advantages in the job market? A comparison of graduates of university co-op programs with their non co-op counterparts.
Release date: 1995-09-05 - 16. Full-year employment across the country ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950031639Geography: CanadaDescription:
Has the economy lost its capacity to generate enough full-time full-year employment to keep up with the growth in the working-age population? This article examines full-time and full-year employment rates by province from 1983 to 1993.
Release date: 1995-09-05 - 17. Adult women's participation rate at a standstill ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950031640Geography: CanadaDescription:
Starting in 1991, the participation rate of women has declined and shows no sign of resuming its long-standing upward trend. This note explores the rates of adult women aged 25 to 54 by different characteristics.
Release date: 1995-09-05 - 18. Recent trends in earnings ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950031641Geography: CanadaDescription:
In 1994, for the first time in four years, employers expanded their workforces significantly. A look at recent changes in paid employment, earnings and hours across detailed industries.
Release date: 1995-09-05 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1995075Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study examines technology use in Canada's manufacturing sector, and how a set of technology-using manufacturing establishments performed relative to non-users. Data originates from a recent Statistics Canada survey, asking manufacturing firms about their use of 22 advanced manufacturing technologies, and panel data taken from the Census of Manufacturers.
Results show that the use of advanced manufacturing technology is widespread, especially in large firms, that multiple-technology use is the norm, and that technologies are generally combined within, as opposed to across, production stages. The technology revolution has been felt more in the area of inspection and communications, and less in fabrication and assembly. In terms of performance, technology-using establishments pay higher wages, enjoy higher labour productivity, and are gaining market share at the expense of non-users.
Release date: 1995-08-30 - 20. Human Capital and the Use of Time ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M1995079Geography: CanadaDescription:
The key hypothesis of this paper is that time use data bases make possible a broader view of the benefits and costs of human capital than is otherwise possible. This achievement is enabled by a set of integrated information on not only educational attainment but also on time devoted to formal and informal study, to paid and unpaid work of economic value, to work of civic value, to leisure activities, and to the educating of children by parents. It is argued that such information is central to human capital theory, though much of it, especially on the leisure costs of investment in human capital, has been hitherto ignored. This new information is important because it can be used to inform the debate over the key issues in this field -- for example, the value of increased public support to formal education -- by measuring previously overlooked aspects of the benefits and costs of investment in human capital.
Release date: 1995-07-30
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- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11F0019M1995083Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines the robustness of a measure of the average complete duration of unemployment in Canada to a host of assumptions used in its derivation. In contrast to the average incomplete duration of unemployment, which is a lagging cyclical indicator, this statistic is a coincident indicator of the business cycle. The impact of using a steady state as opposed to a non steady state assumption, as well as the impact of various corrections for response bias are explored. It is concluded that a non steady state estimator would be a valuable compliment to the statistics on unemployment duration that are currently released by many statistical agencies, and particularly Statistics Canada.
Release date: 1995-12-30