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Self-employment is an increasingly popular form of non-standard work.

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How does the Work Sharing Program prevent layoffs?

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Throughout the boom years of the late 1980s and the recession of 1990-91, certain occupations maintained high levels of unemployment. This article examines how labour market indicators vary according to occupation.

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Over twice as many adults were enrolled in credit courses in 1990 as in 1980. The author suggests a person's age, sex, occupation and labour force status are influential factors in returning to school.

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Non-standard or "atypical work" has become more common in Canada. The author describes various types of non-standard employment, and shows how prevalent these types of work arrangement are in certain industries.

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Statistics show that upon retirement women now participating in the labour market might not face the same economic hardships that many female seniors previously had.

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Is retirement a consequence of circumstances or a planned event? The trend towards early retirement is observed, and the incentives and responses to early retirement are discussed.

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Has recovery begun? An up-to-date look at labour market developments in the first six months of 1991.

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Are the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer? This article studies the growth of family income and the distribution of after-tax income in the 1980s.

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As the Canadian population ages, the issues of retirement and pensions become increasingly important. The 1989 General Social Survey results are examined with a focus on Canadians opinions towards mandatory retirement, their retirement plans and pensions.

Description: Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment), unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by province, sex and age group. Data are presented for 12 months earlier, previous month and current month, as well as year-over-year and month-to-month level change and percentage change. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate, the standard error of the month-to-month change and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

Description: Number of employees by class of worker and sex, last 5 months. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate, the standard error of the month-to-month change and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

Description: Number of employees by class of worker and sex. Data are presented for 12 months earlier, previous month and current month, as well as year-over-year and month-to-month level change and percentage change. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate, the standard error of the month-to-month change and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

Description: Number of employed persons by actual hours worked at main job and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), last 5 months. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate, the standard error of the month-to-month change and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

Description: Number of employed persons by actual hours worked at main job and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Data are presented for 12 months earlier, previous month and current month, as well as year-over-year and month-to-month level change and percentage change. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate, the standard error of the month-to-month change and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

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Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and unemployment rate by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), last 5 months. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate, the standard error of the month-to-month change and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

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Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and unemployment rate by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Data are presented for 12 months earlier, previous month and current month, as well as year-over-year and month-to-month level change and percentage change. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate, the standard error of the month-to-month change and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

Description: Number of employees by National Occupational Classification (NOC), last 5 months. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate, the standard error of the month-to-month change and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

Description: Number of employees by National Occupational Classification (NOC). Data are presented for 12 months earlier, previous month and current month, as well as year-over-year and month-to-month level change and percentage change. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate, the standard error of the month-to-month change and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

Description: Average usual hours and wages of employees (full- and part-time) by age group, sex, union coverage, job permanency, and National Occupational Classification (NOC), last 5 months.

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This report compares household net worth per capita in Canada and the United States from 1970 to 2012, using data from the Canadian National Balance Sheet Accounts and the Flow of Funds Accounts published by the U.S. Federal Reserve.

Three approaches are adopted. The first makes a level comparison using values adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP). The second uses ratios of real net worth per capita and net worth relative to disposable income. The third decomposes the growth of the ratio of net worth to disposable income. Together, these approaches provide mutually re-enforcing results that are more robust than what could be derived from any one approach in isolation.

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This Economic Insights article reports on recent labour market trends in Canada and the United States since the last recession. The data for Canada are from Statistics Canada’s Labour Force Survey (LFS), while those for the U.S. are from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a survey produced for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The Canadian data have been adjusted to the concepts used in the U.S. for the purposes of comparison with the U.S. data. The data for both countries are monthly and seasonally adjusted.

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The Canadian hog industry has changed greatly over the years. Data collected by the Census of Agriculture show that the industry has undergone a radical transformation. It has evolved from being an industry with a very large number of mixed farms, each possessing only a few pigs, to one with fewer large and highly specialized farms. It now plays a major role in exports and is constantly improving in terms of technology.

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This paper examines the composition of Canadian and United States gross national saving for a period spanning more than 80 years, using time series from the Bureau of Economic Analysis in the United States and a newly created dataset for Canada. The paper tracks short-term, year-to-year fluctuations, cyclical fluctuations and long-term compositional changes. It illustrates a substantial degree of national saving reallocation across sectors, annually and across business cycles. The national saving rate is more stable than sector saving rates, implying that sectoral changes have been largely offsetting.

Description: This article examines patterns of interprovincial migration in Canada, including overall net migration for each province and territory as well as migratory flows between provinces and territories.

Data on interprovincial migration analyzed in this article for the period 2011/2012, as well as historical data from 1976/1977 are based on administrative files, specifically, income tax files, which are considered final.

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This is a Health fact sheet about Arthritis among Canadians. The data used are based on a question from the Canadian Community Health Survey that asked respondents if they had arthritis, excluding fibromyalgia.

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This is a Health fact sheet about asthma among Canadians. The results shown are based on data from the Canadian Community Health Survey.

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This study uses data from the 2011 National Household Survey to examine the migration patterns of ‘infrastructure tradespersons’ over the period 2006 to 2011. In this study, infrastructure tradespersons are defined as Canadian residents aged 25 to 44 with a certification in trades and whose major field of study was in construction trades, mechanics and repair, precision production, or heavy equipment machinery/crane operation.

Description: As crops grow, they deplete the soil’s fertility by absorbing nutrients from the land. These nutrients, need to be replenished in order to ensure that there is something in the soil for the next year’s crops. Canadian agriculture relies heavily on commercial fertilizers as well as manure to replenish soil’s nutrients. This article examines how farmers provide their crops with the nutrients they need to grow and how these farming practices have changed over time.

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This paper presents estimates of obesity adjusted for certain biases in self-reported data. Adjusted estimates for adult Canadians by age, sex, and multiple levels of geography are provided using data from the 2011-2012 Canadian Community Health Survey.

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This activity looks at the increase in greenhouse area in Canada, and how this industry is changing.

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This teacher's kit focuses on secondary school subject areas: family studies/home economics; geography; history; and science. The lessons are connected to curricula across Canada.

The publication contains short analytical articles and full-colour maps, photographs, charts and graphs on different aspects of Canada's agriculture industry. Written in plain language for students, the book uses Census of Agriculture and other data.

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This activity focuses on the contribution of immigrants to Canadian agriculture, highlighting which countries they come from and why, and what types of farms they prefer.

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This activity looks at how Canada's grape industry has transformed itself in the wake of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement.

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In this activity, students learn about the different medicinal herbs that are being grown on Canadian farms.

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This paper presents a conceptual basis for defining culture using Statistics Canada's classification systems. The 2004 Canadian Framework for Culture Statistics has been revised. A new publication series on the Canadian Framework for Culture Statistics 2011 (Catalogue 87-542-X) is now available.

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This article discusses the collection and interpretation of statistical data on Canada's trade in culture goods. It defines the products that are included in culture trade and explains how appropriate products are selected from the relevant classification standards.

This version has been replaced by Culture Goods Trade Data User Guide, Catalogue No. 81-595-MIE2006040.

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This paper examines how the Canadian Adult Education and Training Survey (AETS) can be used to study participation in and impacts of education and training activities for adults.

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The estimation of intergenerational earnings mobility is rife with measurement problems since the research does not observe permanent, lifetime earnings. Nearly all studies make corrections for mean variation in earnings because of the age differences among respondents. Recent works employ average earnings or instrumental variable methods to address the effects of measurement error as a result of transitory earnings shocks and mis-reporting. However, empirical studies of intergenerational mobility have paid no attention to the changes in earnings variance across the life cycle suggested by economic models of human capital investment.

Using information from the Intergenerational Income Data from Canada and the National Longitudinal Survey and Panel Study of Income Dynamics from the United States, this study finds a strong association between age at observation and estimated earnings persistence. Part of this age-dependence is related to a general increase in transitory earnings variance during the collection of data. An independent effect of life cycle investment is also identified. These findings are then applied to the variation among intergenerational earnings persistence studies. Among studies with similar methodologies, one-third of the variance in published estimates of earnings persistence is attributable to cross-study differences in the age of responding fathers. Finally, these results call into question tests for the importance of credit constraints based on measures of earnings at different points in the life cycle.

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This paper develops technical procedures that may enable ministries of education to link provincial tests with national and international tests in order to compare standards and report results on a common scale.