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All (182)

All (182) (0 to 10 of 182 results)

1. The Labour Market in Canada and the United States since the Last Recession Archived
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2014036
Geography: Canada
Description:
This Economic Insights article reports on recent labour market trends in Canada and the United States since the last recession. The data for Canada are from Statistics Canada’s Labour Force Survey (LFS), while those for the U.S. are from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a survey produced for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The Canadian data have been adjusted to the concepts used in the U.S. for the purposes of comparison with the U.S. data. The data for both countries are monthly and seasonally adjusted.
Release date: 2014-07-30
2. An Investment of a Lifetime? The Long-term Labour Market Premiums Associated with a Postsecondary Education Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2014359
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper examines the long-term labour market premiums associated with completing a college certificate and a bachelor's degree, compared to completing a high school diploma. Several labour market outcomes of individuals are examined with longitudinal data over a 20-year period spanning their mid-30s to their mid-50s.
With the creation of a new linked file consisting of the 1991 Census of Population and the Longitudinal Worker File (LWF), it is now possible to follow individuals in the labour market for a longer period of time than is feasible with existing survey data. The purpose of this study is to compare labour market outcomes of individuals with different levels of educational attainment over a 20-year period spanning their mid-30s to their mid-50s. Three levels of education are considered, corresponding to the decisions made by students following high school graduation: a high school diploma, a college certificate, and a bachelor's degree. Longitudinal data are used to track total earnings (wages and salaries plus net self-employment income), coverage in an employer-sponsored pension plan, employment, union membership, and permanent and temporary layoffs over the period 1991 to 2010.
Release date: 2014-02-27
3. The Long-term Labour Market Premiums Associated with a Terminal High School Diploma Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2014354
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper examines the long-term labour market premiums associated with a high school diploma. The focus is on the value of the qualification (the signaling effect), but the premiums associated with the number of years of schooling required to obtain the qualification (the human-capital effect) are also estimated. The labour market outcomes of individuals born in the mid-1960s are measured from their mid-20s to their mid-40s with longitudinal administrative data from the Longitudinal Worker File (LWF) that are linked to the 1991 Census of Population. Two groups are considered: terminal high school graduates (those who had obtained a high school diploma but had not acquired any postsecondary education by the 1991 Census) and individuals without a high school diploma (those who had no high school diploma, were not enrolled in high school, and had no postsecondary education at the time of the 1991 Census).
Release date: 2014-01-23
4. Twenty Years in the Careers of Immigrant and Native-Born Workers Archived
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2013032
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article addresses three questions: (1) What were the employment dynamics of a specific cohort of immigrant and native-born workers over the 20 years from 1991 to 2010? (2) To what extent did initial differences in earnings and pension coverage between the two groups narrow during this period? (3) Which factors were associated with the narrowing of these differences? The data are from the linked Census 1991-Longitudinal Worker File and pertain to real annual wages and salaries and pension coverage of immigrants aged 25 to 34 in 1991 who arrived in Canada from 1985 to 1990 and native-born workers of the same age.
Release date: 2013-11-29
5. What has changed for young people in Canada? Archived
Articles and reports: 75-006-X201300111847
Geography: Canada
Description:
The social and economic well-being of young people currently generates a lot of interest. Are young people different from previous generations? Do they experience more difficulties in the labour market? Are some doing better than others?
Release date: 2013-07-04
6. Unemployment Dynamics Among Canada's Youth Archived
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2013024
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article in the Economic Insights series examines the differences between youth and adults in terms of unemployment inflow and outflow rates, for a better understanding of the gap between the unemployment rates of youth and adults. Data from the Labour Force Survey from 1977 to 2012 are used for this analysis. The article is part of a series of Economic Insights articles providing information on the evolution of Canada's economy.
Release date: 2013-06-11
7. Employment changes across industries during the downturn and recovery Archived
Articles and reports: 75-006-X201300111775
Geography: Canada
Description:
This study examines employment variations across industries during the recent labour market downturn and subsequent recovery, and examines the sectors that have been drivers of job growth since employment returned to pre-downturn levels.
Release date: 2013-04-04
8. The Canadian Immigrant Labour Market from 2008 to 2011 Archived
Articles and reports: 71-606-X2012006
Geography: Canada
Description:
Using the Labour Force Survey data, this series of analytical reports provides an overview of the labour market experiences of immigrants to Canada. These reports examine the labour force characteristics of immigrants, such as employment and unemployment at the Canada level and for the provinces. They also provide detailed analysis by region of birth and other aspects of the immigrant labour market.
The first two reports analyzed the 2006 labour market experiences of immigrants. The third one updated many of these characteristics for 2007. The fourth report analyzed immigrants' employment rates in 2007 by region of postsecondary education, while the fifth report examined immigrants' employment quality in 2008. This sixth report examines immigrants' labour market outcomes from 2008 to 2011, with an overview of the recent downturn and its impact on immigrant workers relative to their Canadian-born counterparts.
Release date: 2012-12-14
9. Earnings Losses of Displaced Workers with Stable Labour Market Attachment: Recent Evidence from Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2012346
Geography: Canada
Description:
This study examines long-term earnings losses of workers laid off during the early 1990s and the early 2000s using data from Statistics Canada's Longitudinal Worker File (LWF). In contrast to earlier studies, many of which focused on narrowly defined samples, this study compares earnings losses across all groups of displaced workers with stable labour market attachment prior to layoff. The study shows that focusing solely on high-seniority laid-off workers or workers laid off in firm closures leads to the exclusion of at least two-thirds of Canadian displaced workers with stable labour market attachment.
Release date: 2012-11-29
10. Cities and Growth: Human Capital Location Choice: Accounting for Amenities and Thick Labour Markets Archived
Articles and reports: 11-622-M2012027
Geography: Canada
Description:
A growing literature has found a positive association between human capital and long-run employment growth across cities. These studies have increased interest in understanding the location choices of university degree-holders, a group often used as a proxy measure of human capital. Based on data from the 2001 Canadian Census of Population, this paper investigates determinants of the location choices of degree- and non-degree-holders. With a multinomial logit model, it tests a series of hypotheses about the differential effects of thick labor markets and amenities on the location choice of these groups across metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas in Canada.
Release date: 2012-08-30

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Analysis (182)

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11. Cities and Growth: Moving to Toronto - Income Gains Associated with Large Metropolitan Labour Markets Archived
Articles and reports: 11-622-M2012023
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper examines the process by which migrants experience gains in earnings subsequent to migration and, in particular, the advantage that migrants obtain from moving to large, dynamic metropolitan labour markets, using Toronto as a benchmark. There are two potentially distinct patterns to gains in earnings associated with migration. The first is a step upwards in which workers realize immediate gains in earnings subsequent to migration. The second is accelerated gains in earnings subsequent to migration. Immediate gains are associated with obtaining a position in a more productive firm and/or a better match between worker skills and abilities and job tasks. Accelerated gains in earnings are associated processes that take time, such as learning or job switching as workers and firms seek out better matches. Evaluated here is the expectation that the economies of large metropolitan areas provide workers with an initial productive advantage stemming from a one-time improvement in worker productivity and/or a dynamic that accelerates gains in earnings over time through the potentially entwined processes of learning and matching. A variety of datasets and methodologies, including propensity score matching, are used to evaluate patterns of income gains associated with migration to Toronto.
Release date: 2012-05-03
12. Choice or Necessity: Do Immigrants and Their Children Choose Self-employment for the Same Reasons? Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2012342
Geography: Canada
Description:
Immigrants in major industrialized countries are disproportionately represented in self-employment as compared to the domestic-born. Using a generational cohort method and data from the 20% sample file of the 1981 Canadian Census and the 20% sample file of the 2006 Canadian Census, this study examines whether the effects of three important determinants of self-employment--expected earnings differentials between paid employment and self-employment, difficulties in the labour market, and ethnic enclaves--differ between immigrants and the Canadian-born, between children of immigrants and children of the Canadian-born, and between children of immigrants and their parents.
Release date: 2012-04-17
13. Bosses of Their Own: Are Children of Immigrants More Likely than Their Parents to Be Self-Employed? Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2012341
Geography: Canada
Description:
Self-employment has been regarded as an important pathway for many immigrants to engage in the labour market. However, little is known about self-employment among the children of immigrants. Using the 1981 and 2006 Canadian censuses of population and a generational cohort method of analysis, this paper compares the self-employment rates of immigrant parents and the children of immigrant parents when both were 25 to 44 years of age. The focus is on three questions: (1) Are children of immigrants likelier or less likely than immigrant parents to be self-employed?; (2) Are children of immigrants likelier or less likely than children of Canadian-born parents to be self-employed?; (3) Is the generational change in the self-employment rate from immigrant parents to the children of immigrants different from the generational change from Canadian-born parents to their children?
Release date: 2012-04-16
14. Labour Force Survey: 2011 year-end review Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X201200211639
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article provides an overview of labour market trends in 2011, focusing on changes between December 2010 and December 2011.
Release date: 2012-03-23
15. Self-contained Labour Areas: A Proposed Delineation and Classification by Degree of Rurality Archived
Articles and reports: 21-006-X2008008
Geography: Canada
Description:
One of the most common terms in economic and social reporting is that of "labour market". This concept is normally used with two main connotations, which to some extent overlap. The first emphasizes a set of employment norms, practices and trends that are in some cases specific to certain occupations or industries. The second connotation emphasizes the spatial dimension of the market, as the geographic area in which a multitude of labour activities occur. In this bulletin, our focus is on this second aspect: we identify a set of self-contained labour areas (SLAs), which in broad terms can be described as geographic spaces in which the majority of the residents in the labour force also have their place of work.
Release date: 2011-12-19
16. The Dynamics of Male Self-employment in Canada: Comparing the 1990s to the 2000s Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0027M2011073
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper examines how the nature of self-employment may have changed, by comparing the labour market transition rates for males (between non-employment, paid employment, own-account self-employment, and self-employment with paid help) in two panels of the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID): the 1993-1998 panel and the 2002-2007 panel. An econometric model is then estimated for the purpose of characterizing the change further.
Release date: 2011-10-20
17. Divergent Trends in Citizenship Rates Among Immigrants in Canada and the United States Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2011338
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper examines the labour market benefits associated with becoming a citizen of the host country, in this case Canada or the United States. Recent international research indicates that there is an economic return to acquiring citizenship. In addition, the paper examines the rising gap in the citizenship rate between Canada and the United States and examines the differences in individual and region characteristics of immigrants as a possibility for explaining changes in the citizenship rate gap.
Release date: 2011-10-12
18. Visible Minority Women Archived
Articles and reports: 89-503-X201000111527
Geography: Canada
Description:
The chapter provided a statistical overview of the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the female visible minority population in Canada. Drawing mainly data from the 2006 Census, the chapter looked at the growth and the geographical distribution of the population, its family situation and language characteristics as well as its diversity in terms of generational status and country of birth. The chapter also presented results of the analysis on educational attainment, labour market experience and economic well-being such as earnings and components of income. The analyses compared the situations of visible minority women with those of women who did not report visible minority status and those of visible minority men. Where applicable, immigrant status was taken into account in the examination of the experience of visible minority women, i.e., comparison was made between visible minority women who were born in Canada and those who came to live as immigrants. As well, the differences among the groups that made up the visible minority population were highlighted.
Release date: 2011-07-26
19. Immigrant Women Archived
Articles and reports: 89-503-X201000111528
Geography: Canada
Description:
The chapter provided a statistical overview of the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the immigrant women in Canada. Drawing data from the censuses and administrative sources, the chapter looked at the socio-demographic trends of the female population who came to live in Canada as immigrants. The information included growth and geographic distribution of the female immigrant population, the changing make-up of immigrant women in terms of their language profile, country of birth and visible minority status, as well as the categories under which female permanent residents were admitted to Canada. The socio-economic conditions of immigrant women, such as educational attainment, field of study, occupational group, labour market participation, earnings and component of income were examined and compared with women who were born in Canada. While census was the main data source for the analysis of the population's socio-economic situations, where applicable, data from the Labour Force Survey and the Longitudinal Immigration Data Base were also included.
Release date: 2011-07-26
20. Seeking Success in Canada and the United States: The Determinants of Labour Market Outcomes Among the Children of Immigrants Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2011331
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper reviews recent research on the determinants of the labour market outcomes of the children of immigrants in Canada and in the U.S. New research on outcomes in Canada is also presented. In the aggregate, and with no controls, the labour market outcomes of the second generation-the children of immigrants-are equal to, or better than, those of the third-and-higher generations-the children of domestic-born parents. However, the story is somewhat different after one has accounted for the superior educational levels and the residential locations of the second generation. In the U.S, the second generation's advantage in labour market outcomes disappears; in Canada, among second-generation members of a visible-minority group, the advantage turns marginally negative. Ethnic group/source region differences in outcomes loom large in both countries. The important determinants of the earnings gap between the second generation and the third-and-higher generations include educational attainment, which accounts for about half of the wage gap, residential location, ethnic background, the degree of "ethnic capital," and the educational and earnings mobility between immigrants and their children.
Release date: 2011-03-03

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Date modified:: 2024-08-20