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- Articles and reports: 15-206-X2008022Description:
Many historical comparisons of international productivity use measures of labour productivity (output per worker). Differences in labour productivity can be caused by differences in technical efficiency or differences in capital intensity. Moving to measures of total factor productivity allows international comparisons to ascertain whether differences in labour productivity arise from differences in efficiency or differences in factors utilized in the production process.
This paper examines differences in output per worker in the manufacturing sectors of Canada and the United States in 1929 and the extent to which it arises from efficiency differences. It makes corrections for differences in capital and materials intensity per worker in order to derive a measure of total factor efficiency of Canada relative to the United States, using detailed industry data. It finds that while output per worker in Canada was only about 75% of the United States productivity level, the total factor productivity measure of Canada was about the same as the United States level - that is, there was very little difference in technical efficiency in the two countries. Canada's lower output per worker was the result of the use of less capital and materials per worker than the United States.
Release date: 2008-12-23 - Articles and reports: 16-002-X200800410749Geography: CanadaDescription:
Households contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Canada both directly and indirectly. Direct emissions occur through the use of motor fuel and residential fuel, while indirect emissions result from the production of goods and services purchased by households. This article examines households' direct and indirect GHG emissions from 1990 to 2004.
Release date: 2008-12-09 - Table: 26-201-XDescription:
The review presents detailed and recent statistics of the mining industry, including the production and the value of minerals by kind and by province. It also presents historical tables of values by main groups, the average prices of leading minerals and principal statistics by main group and by province, and diamond drilling of deposits other than fuels. It includes explanatory notes and a bibliography.
Release date: 2008-10-23 - 4. Metal Ore Mining ArchivedTable: 26-223-XDescription:
This annual publication presents data on establishments, employment, payroll, materials, supplies and contract services. It also shows the production, shipments and drillings completed. It includes lists of establishments showing employment size ranges, terms and definitions and a bibliography.
Release date: 2008-10-16 - 5. That beet is sweet! ArchivedArticles and reports: 96-325-X200700010576Geography: Canada, Province or territoryDescription:
Sugar beets, significantly established in Canada in the first half of the 20th century, continue to sweeten things for farmers in Ontario and Alberta, according to Census of Agriculture data. Although Canada's sugar beet area in 2006, at 19,488 hectares, is only half the 1951 peak, the crop continues to thrive in Alberta, and has made a comeback in Ontario, a province where it had not been significant for decades.
Release date: 2008-05-23 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2008052Geography: CanadaDescription:
Over the past three decades, tariff barriers have fallen significantly, leading to an increasing integration of Canadian manufactures into world markets and especially the U.S. market. Much attention has been paid to the effects of this shift at the national scale, while little attention has been given to whether these effects vary across regions. In a country that spans a continent, there is ample reason to believe that the effects of trade will vary across regions. In particular, location has a significant effect on the size of markets available to firms, and this may impact the extent to which firms reorganize their production in response to falling trade barriers. Utilizing a longitudinal microdata file of manufacturing plants (1974 to 1999), this study tests the effect of higher levels of trade across regions on the organization of production within plants. The study finds that higher levels of export intensity (exports as a share of output) across regions are positively associated with longer production runs, larger plants and product specialization within plants. These effects are strongest in Ontario and Quebec, provinces that are best situated with respect to the U.S. market.
Release date: 2008-05-09 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2008050Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines whether or not the long-term government bond rate could reasonably be employed as the rate of return on public capital when calculating public sector gross domestic product. It finds that the rate of return on public capital is lower than often reported and is roughly consistent with the rate of return on private capital. Given that there is a range of estimates that are plausible, the paper concludes that the long-run government bond rate could be used as a conservative estimate for the rate of return for public infrastructure.
Previous studies have shown that production function estimates tend to find rates of return that are implausibly large, while cost function estimates appear more reasonable. This paper shows that public capital and total factor productivity (TFP) growth behave similarly, and argues that production function estimates for the impact of public capital overstate its impact as a result, catching part of what belongs in estimates of TFP. It also shows that the similarity between the growth in public capital and TFP leads to a large confidence interval around public capital elasticity estimates derived from the production function framework. The paper then proceeds by generating a confidence interval from the production function estimated first with and then without TFP growth. It then uses a cost function to pinpoint more precisely estimates for the marginal cost savings from public capital. Importantly, the estimate derived from the cost function is found in the lower part of the confidence interval derived from the production function. The rate of return associated with the overlapping estimates is then shown to cover a range that extends from the average long-run government bond rate to the rate of return on private capital.
Release date: 2008-04-15
Data (2)
Data (2) ((2 results))
- Table: 26-201-XDescription:
The review presents detailed and recent statistics of the mining industry, including the production and the value of minerals by kind and by province. It also presents historical tables of values by main groups, the average prices of leading minerals and principal statistics by main group and by province, and diamond drilling of deposits other than fuels. It includes explanatory notes and a bibliography.
Release date: 2008-10-23 - 2. Metal Ore Mining ArchivedTable: 26-223-XDescription:
This annual publication presents data on establishments, employment, payroll, materials, supplies and contract services. It also shows the production, shipments and drillings completed. It includes lists of establishments showing employment size ranges, terms and definitions and a bibliography.
Release date: 2008-10-16
Analysis (5)
Analysis (5) ((5 results))
- Articles and reports: 15-206-X2008022Description:
Many historical comparisons of international productivity use measures of labour productivity (output per worker). Differences in labour productivity can be caused by differences in technical efficiency or differences in capital intensity. Moving to measures of total factor productivity allows international comparisons to ascertain whether differences in labour productivity arise from differences in efficiency or differences in factors utilized in the production process.
This paper examines differences in output per worker in the manufacturing sectors of Canada and the United States in 1929 and the extent to which it arises from efficiency differences. It makes corrections for differences in capital and materials intensity per worker in order to derive a measure of total factor efficiency of Canada relative to the United States, using detailed industry data. It finds that while output per worker in Canada was only about 75% of the United States productivity level, the total factor productivity measure of Canada was about the same as the United States level - that is, there was very little difference in technical efficiency in the two countries. Canada's lower output per worker was the result of the use of less capital and materials per worker than the United States.
Release date: 2008-12-23 - Articles and reports: 16-002-X200800410749Geography: CanadaDescription:
Households contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Canada both directly and indirectly. Direct emissions occur through the use of motor fuel and residential fuel, while indirect emissions result from the production of goods and services purchased by households. This article examines households' direct and indirect GHG emissions from 1990 to 2004.
Release date: 2008-12-09 - 3. That beet is sweet! ArchivedArticles and reports: 96-325-X200700010576Geography: Canada, Province or territoryDescription:
Sugar beets, significantly established in Canada in the first half of the 20th century, continue to sweeten things for farmers in Ontario and Alberta, according to Census of Agriculture data. Although Canada's sugar beet area in 2006, at 19,488 hectares, is only half the 1951 peak, the crop continues to thrive in Alberta, and has made a comeback in Ontario, a province where it had not been significant for decades.
Release date: 2008-05-23 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2008052Geography: CanadaDescription:
Over the past three decades, tariff barriers have fallen significantly, leading to an increasing integration of Canadian manufactures into world markets and especially the U.S. market. Much attention has been paid to the effects of this shift at the national scale, while little attention has been given to whether these effects vary across regions. In a country that spans a continent, there is ample reason to believe that the effects of trade will vary across regions. In particular, location has a significant effect on the size of markets available to firms, and this may impact the extent to which firms reorganize their production in response to falling trade barriers. Utilizing a longitudinal microdata file of manufacturing plants (1974 to 1999), this study tests the effect of higher levels of trade across regions on the organization of production within plants. The study finds that higher levels of export intensity (exports as a share of output) across regions are positively associated with longer production runs, larger plants and product specialization within plants. These effects are strongest in Ontario and Quebec, provinces that are best situated with respect to the U.S. market.
Release date: 2008-05-09 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2008050Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines whether or not the long-term government bond rate could reasonably be employed as the rate of return on public capital when calculating public sector gross domestic product. It finds that the rate of return on public capital is lower than often reported and is roughly consistent with the rate of return on private capital. Given that there is a range of estimates that are plausible, the paper concludes that the long-run government bond rate could be used as a conservative estimate for the rate of return for public infrastructure.
Previous studies have shown that production function estimates tend to find rates of return that are implausibly large, while cost function estimates appear more reasonable. This paper shows that public capital and total factor productivity (TFP) growth behave similarly, and argues that production function estimates for the impact of public capital overstate its impact as a result, catching part of what belongs in estimates of TFP. It also shows that the similarity between the growth in public capital and TFP leads to a large confidence interval around public capital elasticity estimates derived from the production function framework. The paper then proceeds by generating a confidence interval from the production function estimated first with and then without TFP growth. It then uses a cost function to pinpoint more precisely estimates for the marginal cost savings from public capital. Importantly, the estimate derived from the cost function is found in the lower part of the confidence interval derived from the production function. The rate of return associated with the overlapping estimates is then shown to cover a range that extends from the average long-run government bond rate to the rate of return on private capital.
Release date: 2008-04-15
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