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  • 41. Tourism generating regions in Canada: factors associated with travel patterns and tourist behaviours Archived
    Articles and reports: 87-403-X19970014750
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The purpose of this study was to describe tourism patterns in terms of the regions from which toursits orginate, and to identify those demographic and behavioural factors associated with the tourists generated by those regions.

    Release date: 1999-11-24
  • 42. Older drivers - a complex public health issue Archived
    Articles and reports: 82-003-X19990024731
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article provides estimates of the percentage of seniors who are licensed to operate a motor vehicle. It describes the health characteristics of these license holders and reviews research relating to older drivers.

    Release date: 1999-11-16
  • 43. Changes in children's hospital use Archived
    Articles and reports: 82-003-X19990024732
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article examines changes in hospital separations of children aged 1 to 14 between 1986/87 and 1996/97. It focuses on four common causes of childhood hospitalization: asthma, chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids, fractures, and acute appendicitis.

    Release date: 1999-11-16
  • 44. The health of lone mothers Archived
    Articles and reports: 82-003-X19990024733
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article focuses on differences in the health status and health care utilization patterns of mothers in two-parent families, women who recently became lone parents, and women who had been lone parents for a longer period. Changes in the health of these women and their health care use over time are also explored.

    Release date: 1999-11-16
  • 45. Long working hours and health Archived
    Articles and reports: 82-003-X19990024734
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article examines associations between long working hours, depression and changes in selected health behaviours. Based on an analysis of people followed over a two-year period, the relationship between changes in work hours and changes in health behaviours is explored.

    Release date: 1999-11-16
  • 46. Hormone replacement therapy and incident arthritis Archived
    Articles and reports: 82-003-X19990024735
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article provides estimates of the incidence of arthritis between 1994/95 and 1996/97 among women aged 38 or older. It also examines the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and a new diagnosis of arthritis by 1996/97.

    Release date: 1999-11-16
  • 47. Stages of Processing and Economic Trends in the Manufacturing Sector, 1988 to 1996 Archived
    Articles and reports: 31F0027M1996003
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper examines the Canadian manufacturing sector in terms of the degree of processing of its outputs. It then examines the patterns in manufacturing output by stage of processing over the period 1988 to 1996.

    Release date: 1999-05-11
  • 48. Distribution, Inequality and Concentration of Income Among Older Immigrants in Canada, 1990 Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M1999129
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    While there are many studies on differences in earnings between immigrants and the native-born or among immigrant groups, they ignore the distribution and concentration of income. These aspects are important for understanding the distribution of economic welfare and consumer behaviour among members and hence are policy relevant.

    Using the 1991 Census data, the distribution and concentration of income have been examined among 15 broad birthplace groups for population aged 55 years and over. About 19% of males and 15% of females receive less than half the median income and obtain 5% and 3% of the aggregate income respectively. About 30% of males and 29% of females receive more than one and half times the median income and obtain 61% and59% of aggregate income respectively. About 51% of males and 56% of females who receive incomes between half and one and half times the median income are termed middle-class and their shares of aggregate income amount to 34 and 38% respectively.

    Although, older immigrants aged 55 years and over, as a group, have roughly the same quartile distribution and concentration of income as their Canadian-born counterparts, the birthplace groups differ from each other. The groups coming from the developing regions, that is, the very groups that have lower average annual incomes, also have more inequitable distribution of income than the Canadian-born or their counterparts from the developed regions. Thus, the income distribution is more polarized in the populations from developing regions than in the populations from developed regions or in the Canadian-born population. On average, females receive 45% less income than males, and there is less polarization of income among them than among males regardless of the place of birth. A part of the explanation lies in the receipt of government transfers which tend to equalize rather than polarize incomes, and older women derive higher proportion of their income from government transfers than older men.

    Release date: 1999-04-21
  • 49. Are There High-tech Industries or Only High-tech Firms? Evidence from New Technology-based Firms Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M1998120
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Considerable attention has been directed at understanding the structural changes that are generating an increased need for skilled workers. These changes are perceived to be the result of developments associated with the emergence of the new knowledge economy, whose potential is often linked to the growth of new technology-based firms (NTBFs). Where are these firms to be found? Related work on changes in technology and innovativeness has been accompanied by the creation of taxonomies that classify industries as high-tech or high-knowledge, based primarily on the characteristics of large firms. There is a temptation to use these taxonomies to identify new technology-based firms only within certain sectors. This paper uses a special survey that collected data on new firms to argue that this would be unwise.

    The paper investigates the limitations of existing classification schemes that might be used to classify industries as high- or low-tech, as advanced or otherwise. Characteristically unidimensional in scope, many of these taxonomies employ conceptual and operational measures that are narrow and incomplete. Consequently, previous rankings that identify sectors as high- or low-tech using these measures obscure the degree of innovativeness and human capital formation exhibited by certain industries. In a policy environment wherein emotive 'scoreboard' classifications have direct effects on resource allocation, the social costs of misclassification are potentially significant.

    Using a comparative methodology, this study investigates the role that conceptualization plays in devising taxonomies of high- and low-tech industries. Far from producing definitive classifications, existing measures of technological advancement are found to be wanting when their underpinnings are examined closely. Our objective in the current analysis is to examine the limitations of standard classification schemes, particularly when applied to new small firms, and to suggest an alternative framework based on a competency-model of the firm.

    Release date: 1998-12-08
  • 50. Review of the Literature on Core Inflation Archived
    Articles and reports: 62F0014M1997004
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Over the years, the concept of core inflation has become of crucial importance for the central banks of various countries. Indeed, many of them have at some point been given the mandate to reduce inflation and achieve price stability. In Canada, this mandate was conferred on the Bank of Canada in February 1991.

    Core Inflation is often perceived as the trend in the movements of consumer prices. This review of the literature illustrates that more than one definition of core inflation exists. Then, a brief description of the different suggested methods to measure core inflation, as well as some of their results, are shown. Finally, this review offers a bibliography of articles on core inflation.

    Release date: 1997-05-05
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Analysis (56)

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  • 1. Historical Data Linkage of Tax Records on Labour and Income: The Case of the Living in Canada Survey Pilot Archived
    Articles and reports: 89-648-X2013002
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Data matching is a common practice used to reduce the response burden of respondents and to improve the quality of the information collected from respondents when the linkage method does not introduce bias. However, historical linkage, which consists in linking external records from previous years to the year of the initial wave of a survey, is relatively rare and, until now, had not been used at Statistics Canada. The present paper describes the method used to link the records from the Living in Canada Survey pilot to historical tax data on income and labour (T1 and T4 files). It presents the evolution of the linkage rate going back over time and compares earnings data collected from personal income tax returns with those collected from employers file. To illustrate the new possibilities of analysis offered by this type of linkage, the study concludes with an earnings profile by age and sex for different cohorts based on year of birth.

    Release date: 2013-01-24
  • 2. Cities and Growth: Moving to Toronto - Income Gains Associated with Large Metropolitan Labour Markets Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-622-M2012023
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper examines the process by which migrants experience gains in earnings subsequent to migration and, in particular, the advantage that migrants obtain from moving to large, dynamic metropolitan labour markets, using Toronto as a benchmark. There are two potentially distinct patterns to gains in earnings associated with migration. The first is a step upwards in which workers realize immediate gains in earnings subsequent to migration. The second is accelerated gains in earnings subsequent to migration. Immediate gains are associated with obtaining a position in a more productive firm and/or a better match between worker skills and abilities and job tasks. Accelerated gains in earnings are associated processes that take time, such as learning or job switching as workers and firms seek out better matches. Evaluated here is the expectation that the economies of large metropolitan areas provide workers with an initial productive advantage stemming from a one-time improvement in worker productivity and/or a dynamic that accelerates gains in earnings over time through the potentially entwined processes of learning and matching. A variety of datasets and methodologies, including propensity score matching, are used to evaluate patterns of income gains associated with migration to Toronto.

    Release date: 2012-05-03
  • 3. Geozones: An area-based method for analysis of health outcomes Archived
    Articles and reports: 82-003-X201200111633
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper explains the methodology for creating Geozones, which are area-based thresholds of population characteristics derived from census data, which can be used in the analysis of social or economic differences in health and health service utilization.

    Release date: 2012-03-21
  • 4. Do Relative Canada/U.S. Prices Equate to the Exchange Rate? Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-626-X2012003
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This Economic Insight discusses price differences between Canada and the United States. It is based on the concepts and methods from Statistics Canada's Purchasing Power Parity program.

    Release date: 2012-01-04
  • 5. Real-Financial Linkages in the Canadian Economy: An Input-Output Approach Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0027M2010065
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, the authors provide a detailed social accounting matrix (SAM), which incorporates the income and financial flows into the standard input-output matrix, for the Canadian economy for 2004. Second, they use the SAM to assess the strength of the real-financial linkages by calculating and comparing real SAM multipliers and financial social accounting matrix (FSAM) multipliers. For FSAM multipliers, financial flows are endogenous, whereas for real SAM multipliers they are not. The results show that taking into account financial flows increases the impact of a final demand shock on Canadian output. Financial flows also play an important role in determining the cumulative effect of an income shock or the availability of investment funds. Between 2008 and the first half of 2009, financial institutions shifted their investments toward government bonds, short-term paper, and foreign investments. This shift together with the fact that non-financial institutions were unwilling or unable to increase their financial liabilities, led to estimated declines in all GDP multipliers between 2008 and the first half of 2009 (2009H1). The main advantage of using the extended input-output analysis is that it provides a simple framework, with very few assumptions, which allows the assessment of the strength of real-financial linkages by means of multipliers. However, the methodology is subject to the Lucas critique, that as shocks shift prices, agents cannot adjust. Such a framework is, nevertheless, appropriate in short-term impact analysis such as this study.

    Release date: 2011-05-20
  • 6. Quality control and data reduction procedures for accelerometry-derived measures of physical activity Archived
    Articles and reports: 82-003-X201000111066
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article considers critical quality control and data reduction procedures that should be addressed before physical activity information is derived from accelerometry data.

    Release date: 2010-01-13
  • 7. Multiple Victimization in Canada, 2004 Archived
    Articles and reports: 85F0033M2010022
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    A large proportion of all victimization incidents are experienced by a relatively small number of victims who experienced multiple incidents. According to the 2004 General Social Survey (GSS) on Victimization, a little more than 10% of the population aged 15 and over were the victims of more than one crime during the 12 months preceding the survey, representing 60% of all criminal incidents. If one considers only violent crimes, 2% of the population accounted for 60% of all violent victimization reported to the GSS.

    Given that a small proportion of individuals and households face a significant proportion of crimes, as a result determining which characteristics increases a person's risk of being victimized will help to improve the effectiveness of crime prevention measures, and perhaps help prevent further incidents of victimization.

    Release date: 2010-01-06
  • 8. PPPs: Purchasing Power or Producing Power Parities? Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0027M2009058
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper examines the different types of deflators that are used to compare volume estimates of national income and production across countries. It argues that these deflators need to be tailored to the specific income concept used for study. If the potential to spend concept is employed, a purchasing power deflator is needed. If a production based concept is used, a producing power deflator is necessary. The paper argues that present practice produces a hybrid deflator that fails both purposes when terms of trade shifts are large and offers a solution.

    Release date: 2009-12-10
  • 9. Parenting after separation and divorce: a profile of agreements and arrangements for spending time with and making decisions for children Archived
    Articles and reports: 85-002-X200900410931
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Based on information available from the 2006 General Social Survey on families, this article will explore the nature of time children spend with their separated or divorced parents. Issues to be explored will include: the type of visitation/access arrangements; the length of time spent with each parent; whether the time involves leisure activities, regular care (school, daycare, social) and decision-making activities; and whether parents are satisfied with the arrangements they have for visitation/access.

    Release date: 2009-10-28
  • 10. Victim Services in Canada, 2007/2008 Archived
    Articles and reports: 85-002-X200900410932
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This report is based on data from the 2007/2008 Victim Services Survey and provides a profile of victim service agencies in Canada that responded to the survey, as well as information on the clients they served. In reference to 2007/2008, the report presents data on the types of agencies in Canada, the services offered, staff and volunteers, and criminal injuries compensation applications and awards. Characteristics of clients, such as sex, age grouping and type of victimization, are based on counts of clients served on a snapshot day of May 28, 2008. The 2007/2008 Victim Services Survey was conducted by the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics and was funded by Justice Canada's Policy Centre for Victim Issues. Victim service agencies surveyed include system-based, police-based and court-based agencies, sexual assault centres, other selected community-based agencies, and criminal injuries compensation and other financial benefit programs for victims of crime.

    Release date: 2009-10-28
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