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This article examines associations between long working hours, depression and changes in selected health behaviours. Based on an analysis of people followed over a two-year period, the relationship between changes in work hours and changes in health behaviours is explored.

This article provides estimates of the incidence of arthritis between 1994/95 and 1996/97 among women aged 38 or older. It also examines the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and a new diagnosis of arthritis by 1996/97.

The estimate for research and development in the higher education sector has been revised.

Operating ratios for top carriers improved by one point in the first and second quarter of 1999 over the same period one year earlier. Average revenue per carrier fell 1% in the first quarter and rose only 3% in the second quarter.

On an industry wide basis, Canadian bus companies continue to grow and prosper. Gross revenues in 1998 (excluding subsidies) were 8.6 percent higher than in 1995.

With the exception of the third quarter (0.94), for-hire motor carriers of freight posted seasonally adjusted operating ratios of 0.93 in three out of the four quarters of 1998.

Data on registration of motor vehicles by type including passenger automobiles, trucks, motorcycles, buses, trailers and others are presented in this publication. A historical table of total registrations is provided. Motor vehicle registrations are shown by census divisions and municipalities where available. Data definitions, analysis, the methodology employed, an explanation of data quality and a bibliography are included.

This on-line publication provides detailed capital expenditures by type of asset on both construction and machinery and equipment made by private and public organizations in Canada. For each province and territory and for the 19 divisions of the Canadian economy, it details capital expenditures according to four types of residential construction, 95 types of non-residential construction, and 56 categories of machinery and equipment. Included are data on capital expenditures for major renovation and alteration of construction assets as well as for major retrofit and refurbishing of machinery and equipment assets. Trade and general construction contractors, suppliers of construction materials, and suppliers of machinery and equipment will find these data useful for market analysis.

This monthly publication presents data by weight on the acquisition, stock, production and shipment of raw and refined sugar for the month and the year-to-date from refiners of raw cane or beet sugars as well as those who further process such sugars. Geographic detail is at the national level. The December issue includes a list of reporting firms.

As the Internation Year of the Senior Persons winds down, attention on this growing group of consumers will continue well into the next millenium. This event marked the first year that seniors have been recognized by a worldwide designation.

Series Description - The Dimensions Series (1996 Census of Population) provides an in-depth analysis of census data. More than 150 tables represent a variety of special interest subjects linking a number of Census variables. Statistical information is presented on themes of considerable public interest with some tables examining historical trends and other tables detailing significant sub-populations. Data for geographical levels of Canada, Provinces and Territories are most widely represented with some data tables produced at the Census Metropolitan Area level. The Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada and the Portrait of Aboriginal Population of Canada contain some information at the community level.

The data tables are grouped by common theme and are available on 7 different CD-ROMs:

94F0004XCB96000 - Ethnocultural and Social Characteristics of the Canadian Population94F0005XCB96000 - Canadian Income and Earnings for 1990 and 199594F0006XCB96000 - Labour Force and Unpaid Work of Canadians94F0007XCB96000 - Place of Work of the Canadian Population94F0008XCB96000 - Canadian Demographic Characteristics (including language and mobility)94F0010XCB96000 - Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada94F0011XCB96000 - Portrait of Aboriginal Population in Canada

A detailed list of tables is included on each CD-ROM. Some tables show comparisons with data from earlier censuses to provide an historical perspective. It should be noted that the Dimension Series was not produced for the 1991 Census.

Series Description - The Dimensions Series (1996 Census of Population) provides an in-depth analysis of census data. More than 150 tables represent a variety of special interest subjects linking a number of Census variables. Statistical information is presented on themes of considerable public interest with some tables examining historical trends and other tables detailing significant sub-populations. Data for geographical levels of Canada, Provinces and Territories are most widely represented with some data tables produced at the Census Metropolitan Area level. The Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada and the Portrait of Aboriginal Population of Canada contain some information at the community level.

The data tables are grouped by common theme and are available on 7 different CD-ROMs:

94F0004XCB96000 - Ethnocultural and Social Characteristics of the Canadian Population94F0005XCB96000 - Canadian Income and Earnings for 1990 and 199594F0006XCB96000 - Labour Force and Unpaid Work of Canadians94F0007XCB96000 - Place of Work of the Canadian Population94F0008XCB96000 - Canadian Demographic Characteristics (including language and mobility)94F0010XCB96000 - Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada94F0011XCB96000 - Portrait of Aboriginal Population in Canada

A detailed list of tables is included on each CD-ROM. Some tables show comparisons with data from earlier censuses to provide an historical perspective. It should be noted that the Dimension Series was not produced for the 1991 Census.

Series Description - The Dimensions Series (1996 Census of Population) provides an in-depth analysis of census data. More than 150 tables represent a variety of special interest subjects linking a number of Census variables. Statistical information is presented on themes of considerable public interest with some tables examining historical trends and other tables detailing significant sub-populations. Data for geographical levels of Canada, Provinces and Territories are most widely represented with some data tables produced at the Census Metropolitan Area level. The Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada and the Portrait of Aboriginal Population of Canada contain some information at the community level.

The data tables are grouped by common theme and are available on 7 different CD-ROMs:

94F0004XCB96000 - Ethnocultural and Social Characteristics of the Canadian Population94F0005XCB96000 - Canadian Income and Earnings for 1990 and 199594F0006XCB96000 - Labour Force and Unpaid Work of Canadians94F0007XCB96000 - Place of Work of the Canadian Population94F0008XCB96000 - Canadian Demographic Characteristics (including language and mobility)94F0010XCB96000 - Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada94F0011XCB96000 - Portrait of Aboriginal Population in Canada

A detailed list of tables is included on each CD-ROM. Some tables show comparisons with data from earlier censuses to provide an historical perspective. It should be noted that the Dimension Series was not produced for the 1991 Census.

Series Description - The Dimensions Series (1996 Census of Population) provides an in-depth analysis of census data. More than 150 tables represent a variety of special interest subjects linking a number of Census variables. Statistical information is presented on themes of considerable public interest with some tables examining historical trends and other tables detailing significant sub-populations. Data for geographical levels of Canada, Provinces and Territories are most widely represented with some data tables produced at the Census Metropolitan Area level. The Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada and the Portrait of Aboriginal Population of Canada contain some information at the community level.

The data tables are grouped by common theme and are available on 7 different CD-ROMs:

94F0004XCB96000 - Ethnocultural and Social Characteristics of the Canadian Population94F0005XCB96000 - Canadian Income and Earnings for 1990 and 199594F0006XCB96000 - Labour Force and Unpaid Work of Canadians94F0007XCB96000 - Place of Work of the Canadian Population94F0008XCB96000 - Canadian Demographic Characteristics (including language and mobility)94F0010XCB96000 - Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada94F0011XCB96000 - Portrait of Aboriginal Population in Canada

A detailed list of tables is included on each CD-ROM. Some tables show comparisons with data from earlier censuses to provide an historical perspective. It should be noted that the Dimension Series was not produced for the 1991 Census.

Series Description - The Dimensions Series (1996 Census of Population) provides an in-depth analysis of census data. More than 150 tables represent a variety of special interest subjects linking a number of Census variables. Statistical information is presented on themes of considerable public interest with some tables examining historical trends and other tables detailing significant sub-populations. Data for geographical levels of Canada, Provinces and Territories are most widely represented with some data tables produced at the Census Metropolitan Area level. The Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada and the Portrait of Aboriginal Population of Canada contain some information at the community level.

The data tables are grouped by common theme and are available on 7 different CD-ROMs:

94F0004XCB96000 - Ethnocultural and Social Characteristics of the Canadian Population94F0005XCB96000 - Canadian Income and Earnings for 1990 and 199594F0006XCB96000 - Labour Force and Unpaid Work of Canadians94F0007XCB96000 - Place of Work of the Canadian Population94F0008XCB96000 - Canadian Demographic Characteristics (including language and mobility)94F0010XCB96000 - Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada94F0011XCB96000 - Portrait of Aboriginal Population in Canada

A detailed list of tables is included on each CD-ROM. Some tables show comparisons with data from earlier censuses to provide an historical perspective. It should be noted that the Dimension Series was not produced for the 1991 Census.

Series Description - The Dimensions Series (1996 Census of Population) provides an in-depth analysis of census data. More than 150 tables represent a variety of special interest subjects linking a number of Census variables. Statistical information is presented on themes of considerable public interest with some tables examining historical trends and other tables detailing significant sub-populations. Data for geographical levels of Canada, Provinces and Territories are most widely represented with some data tables produced at the Census Metropolitan Area level. The Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada and the Portrait of Aboriginal Population of Canada contain some information at the community level.

The data tables are grouped by common theme and are available on 7 different CD-ROMs:

94F0004XCB96000 - Ethnocultural and Social Characteristics of the Canadian Population94F0005XCB96000 - Canadian Income and Earnings for 1990 and 199594F0006XCB96000 - Labour Force and Unpaid Work of Canadians94F0007XCB96000 - Place of Work of the Canadian Population94F0008XCB96000 - Canadian Demographic Characteristics (including language and mobility)94F0010XCB96000 - Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada94F0011XCB96000 - Portrait of Aboriginal Population in Canada

A detailed list of tables is included on each CD-ROM. Some tables show comparisons with data from earlier censuses to provide an historical perspective. It should be noted that the Dimension Series was not produced for the 1991 Census.

Series Description - The Dimensions Series (1996 Census of Population) provides an in-depth analysis of census data. More than 150 tables represent a variety of special interest subjects linking a number of Census variables. Statistical information is presented on themes of considerable public interest with some tables examining historical trends and other tables detailing significant sub-populations. Data for geographical levels of Canada, Provinces and Territories are most widely represented with some data tables produced at the Census Metropolitan Area level. The Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada and the Portrait of Aboriginal Population of Canada contain some information at the community level.

The data tables are grouped by common theme and are available on 7 different CD-ROMs:

94F0004XCB96000 - Ethnocultural and Social Characteristics of the Canadian Population94F0005XCB96000 - Canadian Income and Earnings for 1990 and 199594F0006XCB96000 - Labour Force and Unpaid Work of Canadians94F0007XCB96000 - Place of Work of the Canadian Population94F0008XCB96000 - Canadian Demographic Characteristics (including language and mobility)94F0010XCB96000 - Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada94F0011XCB96000 - Portrait of Aboriginal Population in Canada

A detailed list of tables is included on each CD-ROM. Some tables show comparisons with data from earlier censuses to provide an historical perspective. It should be noted that the Dimension Series was not produced for the 1991 Census.

Series Description - The Dimensions Series (1996 Census of Population) provides an in-depth analysis of census data. More than 150 tables represent a variety of special interest subjects linking a number of Census variables. Statistical information is presented on themes of considerable public interest with some tables examining historical trends and other tables detailing significant sub-populations. Data for geographical levels of Canada, Provinces and Territories are most widely represented with some data tables produced at the Census Metropolitan Area level. The Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada and the Portrait of Aboriginal Population of Canada contain some information at the community level.

The data tables are grouped by common theme and are available on 7 different CD-ROMs:

94F0004XCB96000 - Ethnocultural and Social Characteristics of the Canadian Population94F0005XCB96000 - Canadian Income and Earnings for 1990 and 199594F0006XCB96000 - Labour Force and Unpaid Work of Canadians94F0007XCB96000 - Place of Work of the Canadian Population94F0008XCB96000 - Canadian Demographic Characteristics (including language and mobility)94F0010XCB96000 - Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada94F0011XCB96000 - Portrait of Aboriginal Population in Canada

A detailed list of tables is included on each CD-ROM. Some tables show comparisons with data from earlier censuses to provide an historical perspective. It should be noted that the Dimension Series was not produced for the 1991 Census.

Series Description - The Dimensions Series (1996 Census of Population) provides an in-depth analysis of census data. More than 150 tables represent a variety of special interest subjects linking a number of Census variables. Statistical information is presented on themes of considerable public interest with some tables examining historical trends and other tables detailing significant sub-populations. Data for geographical levels of Canada, Provinces and Territories are most widely represented with some data tables produced at the Census Metropolitan Area level. The Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada and the Portrait of Aboriginal Population of Canada contain some information at the community level.

The data tables are grouped by common theme and are available on 7 different CD-ROMs:

94F0004XCB96000 - Ethnocultural and Social Characteristics of the Canadian Population94F0005XCB96000 - Canadian Income and Earnings for 1990 and 199594F0006XCB96000 - Labour Force and Unpaid Work of Canadians94F0007XCB96000 - Place of Work of the Canadian Population94F0008XCB96000 - Canadian Demographic Characteristics (including language and mobility)94F0010XCB96000 - Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada94F0011XCB96000 - Portrait of Aboriginal Population in Canada

A detailed list of tables is included on each CD-ROM. Some tables show comparisons with data from earlier censuses to provide an historical perspective. It should be noted that the Dimension Series was not produced for the 1991 Census.

Series Description - The Dimensions Series (1996 Census of Population) provides an in-depth analysis of census data. More than 150 tables represent a variety of special interest subjects linking a number of Census variables. Statistical information is presented on themes of considerable public interest with some tables examining historical trends and other tables detailing significant sub-populations. Data for geographical levels of Canada, Provinces and Territories are most widely represented with some data tables produced at the Census Metropolitan Area level. The Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada and the Portrait of Aboriginal Population of Canada contain some information at the community level.

The data tables are grouped by common theme and are available on 7 different CD-ROMs:

94F0004XCB96000 - Ethnocultural and Social Characteristics of the Canadian Population94F0005XCB96000 - Canadian Income and Earnings for 1990 and 199594F0006XCB96000 - Labour Force and Unpaid Work of Canadians94F0007XCB96000 - Place of Work of the Canadian Population94F0008XCB96000 - Canadian Demographic Characteristics (including language and mobility)94F0010XCB96000 - Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada94F0011XCB96000 - Portrait of Aboriginal Population in Canada

A detailed list of tables is included on each CD-ROM. Some tables show comparisons with data from earlier censuses to provide an historical perspective. It should be noted that the Dimension Series was not produced for the 1991 Census.

International tourism is one of the fastest-growing industries in the world. Over the past ten years, the number of international arrivals at national borders has increased at an average annual rate of 5.2%, reaching 611 million in 1997.

Canada's economy was booming in 1997. The economy, as measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), grew 3.8% in 1997, its best performance since 1994 and the second best this decade.

Canada hosted over 45 million international visitors in 1997, the highest annual level in the 25 years that travel data have been collected.

Vast distances, dependence on trade and low population density (compared to the United States and Europe) make transportation vitally important in Canada. The nation's travel and tourism patterns, both domestically and internationally, are a mirror image of Canadian business, lifestyles and quality of life.

This chapter describes four specific industry sectors : accomodation services, restaurant services, travel agencies and tour operators, and Canadian tourist attractions.

Tourism affects a number of industries. Hotels, travel agencies, airlines and restaurants are to varying degrees affected by tourism. Thus, tourism is not just one industry, but an amalgam of several, and the tourism phenomenon raises a number of questions because of its complexity, its various ramifications and its scope.

This article provides a thumbnail sketch of the top ten tourism regions in Canada based on the number of overnight visits. It will point out some of the similarities these regions share, as well as what makes them unique.

The purpose of this study was to describe tourism patterns in terms of the regions from which toursits orginate, and to identify those demographic and behavioural factors associated with the tourists generated by those regions.

The purpose of this chapter is, first, to review some of the current long and medium term forecasts for tourism globally and within Canada. Secondly, the chapter discusses some of the Canadian tourism industries' current responses to their changing economic and social context.

The Province of Ontario has traditionally been divided into 12 travel regions known as OTAPs (Ontario Travel Association Partners). Core funding for these OTAPs comes form the Ministry of Economic Development.

Series description

This series includes five general reference products - the Preview of Products and Services; the Catalogue; the Dictionary; the Handbook and the Technical Reports - as well as geography reference products - GeoSuite and Reference Maps.

Product description

Technical Reports examine the quality of data from the 1996 Census, a large and complex undertaking. While considerable effort was taken to ensure high quality standards throughout each step, the results are subject to a certain degree of error. Each report looks at the collection and processing operations and presents results from data evaluation, as well as notes on historical comparability.

Technical Reports are aimed at moderate and sophisticated users but are written in a manner which could make them useful to all census data users. Most of the technical reports have been cancelled, with the exception of Age, Sex, Marital Status and Common-law Status, Coverage and Sampling and Weighting. These reports will be available as bilingual publications as well as being available in both official languages on the Internet as free products.

This report deals with coverage errors, which occured when persons, households, dwellings or families were missed by the 1996 Census or enumerated in error. Coverage errors are one of the most important types of error since they affect not only the accuracy of the counts of the various census universes but also the accuracy of all of the census data describing the characteristics of these universes. With this information, users can determine the risks involved in basing conclusions or decisions on census data.

This report deals with sampling and weighting, a process whereby certain characteristics are collected and processed for a random sample of dwellings and persons identified in the complete census enumeration. Data for the whole population are then obtained by scaling up the results for the sample to the full population level. The use of sampling may lead to substantial reductions in costs and respondent burden, or alternatively, can allow the scope of a census to be broadened at the same cost.

Series Description:

This series includes five general reference products - the Preview of Products and Services; the Catalogue; the Dictionary; the Handbook and Technical Reports - as well as two geography reference products - GeoSuite and Reference Maps.

Product Description:

The 1996 Census Dictionary provides detailed information on all of the concepts, variables and geographic elements of the 1996 Census. Information provided for each variable includes a definition, the associated census questions, applicable response categories or classifications and special remarks, namely on historical aspects. Users should make use of this edition of the 1996 Census Dictionary for the most up-to-date information. This final edition is also available on our web site as a free downloadable product.

The National Population Health Survey (NPHS) is a family of surveys with multiple objectives, one of which is to provide information on a panel of people who will be followed over time to reflect the dynamic process of health and illness. Data for the first cycle of the NPHS - Households Survey were collected from June 1994 to June 1995, and were released in September 1995. Data for the second cycle were collected from June 1996 to August 1997. One of the primary outputs for the second cycle is a longitudinal master file. This paper will describe six major strategies that were developed to process the longitudinal master file.

In 1994, Statistics Canada introduced a new longitudinal social survey that collects information from about 23,000 children spread over 13,500 households. The objective of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth is to measure the development and well being of children until they reach adulthood. To this end, the survey gathers together information about the child, parents, neighbourhood as well as family and school environment. As a consequence, the data collected for each child, is provided by several respondents, from parents to teachers, a situation which contributes to an increased disclosure risk. In order to reach a balance between confidentiality and the analytical value of released data, the survey produces three different microdata files with more or less information. The master file that contains all the information is only available by means of remote access. Hence, researchers do not have direct access to the data, but send their request in the form of software programs that are submitted by Statistics Canada staff. The results are then vetted for confidentiality and sent back to the researchers. The presentation will be devoted to the various disclosure risks of such a survey and to the tools used to reduce those risks.

In epidemiology analysis of longitudinal data is commonly accepted as providing the most robust measures of association between putative risk and selected outcomes such as death or cancer. SMARTIE is a SAS application for efficient analysis of longitudinal data. Based on person days at risk, it can handle multiple exits from and re-entries to risk, and derives outcome measures such as survival rates. Standardised Mortality Ratios (SMRs) and Cancer Incidence Ratios (SIRs). Summary data can be produced in a format easily ported to any modelling package such as Stats 5.0. We discuss the background to its development, the overall program structure, its command language, and finally we say something about the organization of outputs. Findings from survival studies using the Longitudinal Study of the Office for National Statistics (ONS) are used to demonstrate features of SMARTIE. This study is based on one per cent of the population of England and Wales. It is continually updated with the addition of new members and with information from birth, death and cancer records, and from the census.

Models for fitting longitudinal binary responses are explored using a panel study of voting intentions. A standard repeated measures multilevel logistic model is shown inadequate due to the presence of a substantial proportion of respondents who maintain a constant response over time. A multivariate binary response model is shown a better fit to the data.

Longitudinal studies with repeated observations on individuals permit better characterizations of change and assessment of possible risk factors, but there has been little experience applying sophisticated models for longitudinal data to the complex survey setting. We present results from a comparison of different variance estimation methods for random effects models of change in cognitive function among older adults. The sample design is a stratified sample of people 65 and older, drawn as part of a community-based study designed to examine risk factors for dementia. The model summarizes the population heterogeneity in overall level and rate of change in cognitive function using random effects for intercept and slope. We discuss an unweighted regression including covariates for the stratification variables, a weighted regression, and bootstrapping; we also did preliminary work into using balanced repeated replication and jackknife repeated replication.

This paper presents a method for handling longitudinal data in which individuals belong to more than one unit at a higher level, and also where there is missing information on the identification of the units to which they belong. In education, for example, a student might be classified as belonging sequentially to a particular combination of primary and secondary school, but for some students, the identity of either the primary or secondary school may be unknown. Likewise, in a longitudinal study, students may change school or class from one period to the next, so 'belonging' to more than one higher level unit. The procedures used to model these stuctures are extensions of a random effects cross-classified multilevel model.

The British Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a quarterly household survey with a rotating sample design that can potentially be used to produce longitudinal data, including estimates of labour force gross flows. However, these estimates may be biased due to the effect of non-response. Weighting adjustments are a commonly used method to account for non-response bias. We find that weighting may not fully account for the effect of non-response bias because non-response may depend on the unobserved labour force flows, i.e., the non-response is non-ignorable. To adjust for the effects of non-ignorable non-response, we propose a model for the complex non-response patterns in the LFS which controls for the correlated within-household non-response behaviour found in the survey. The results of modelling suggest that non-response may be non-ignorable in the LFS, causing the weighting estimates to be biased.