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Description:

This second edition of R&D tax treatment in Canada: a provincial comparison, uses a method developed by the Conference Board of Canada to compare the tax incentives to do research and development (R&D) in each of the provinces. The results contribute to the analysis of regional differences in science and technology activity in Canada, as part of the work of the Science, Innovation and Electronic Information Division of Statistics Canada.

An example of a regional difference is the tax incentive to do R&D in a province. There is the federal Scientific Research and Experimental Development tax programme, which has regional variations. Six out of ten provinces have their own incentive programmes and tax rates which differ from province to province. The B-Index analysis of the Conference Board provides a means of comparing tax incentives and of providing an indicator.

Description:

This publication presents the national gross domestic expenditures on research and development (GERD) from 1988 to 1999 as well as the provincial GERD from 1988 to 1997. An additional series of tables showing research and development (R&D) expenditures at the national level in either science from 1963 to 1987, or at the provincial level from 1979 to 1987, may be obtained from the Science and Innovation Surveys Section, Science, Innovation and Electronic Information Division.

Description:

This working paper presents the estimation procedures used to calculate the research and development (R&D) expenditures in the higher education sector for the year 1979-80 to 1997-98.

Description:

Computer communications occur when someone connects a computer to a communications network to access information on the Internet, to send and receive e-mail, or to use electronic banking services. This article uses 1998 data to update previous estimates of the proportion of Canadian households regularly using computer communications, analyzing the relationships between usage and location of use, household income, and other demographic factors. The article also looks at the growth of household connectedness over the past year, as well as the time spent using computer communications from home for a variety of services that can be accessed through the Internet.

Description:

This service bulletin presents the geographic distribution of federal government science and technologyexpenditures. Data on federal government expenditures on science and technology are found in Volume 23,No. 5 of this publication, released in October, 1999. In both this and the earlier bulletin, science and technology (S&T) expenditure is the sum of expenditures on research and development (R&D) and on related scientific activities (RSA).

Description:

The statistics presented in this bulletin are derived from our latest survey of industrial research and development activities in Canada. The survey reports on the research and development spending intentions for 1999, the estimates for 1998 and the actual expenditures for 1997 of corporations performing research and development activities in Canada. In 1997, a decision was made to eliminate the short survey forms in favour of administrative data, in order to reduce the response burden.

Description: Fifteen years ago in this series, A. Romaniuc published a comprehensive study of how fertility in Canada had evolved over the century. It described the phenomenal increase of fertility in the postwar period, resulting in the baby boom. With the largest cohorts ever known in Canada, the baby boomers, by their numbers alone, will have left their mark on Canada's social, economic and political structure throughout their life cycle.

Description: At the beginning of this century, a Canadian male could expect to live an average of 47 years and a Canadian female, 50 years. At that time, barely 38% of males and 44% of females reached the respectable age of 65 years. They could then expect to live for roughly another decade.

Description:

As the century draws to a close, there are many topics of interest involving Canada's aboriginal peoples: self-government, land claims, the environment, the criminal justice system, urbanization, the labour market, education, etc. However, one topic receives little attention but could have a major impact on how the others will develop: the demographic growth of aboriginal populations.

Description:

In this paper, we assemble data from several household surveys to document how pension coverage of young and older workers has evolved in Canada between the mid-1980s and the mid-1990s. Our main findings are the following. First, both administrative data from the Pension Plans in Canada (PPIC) database and data from household surveys show an increase in RPP coverage for women. In contrast, while PPIC data show a decrease in coverage for men, household surveys indicate no downward trend for males. Second, sample aggregates hide interesting differences within the population. We find that the pension coverage of young workers (aged 25-34) has declined relative to older workers (aged 35-54). Young males have experienced a decline in coverage while RPP coverage has remained fairly stable for older men. In contrast, pension coverage has remained fairly constant for young women but has risen substantially for older women. Third, the decline in unionism and shifts towards industries with low-coverage explain most of the decrease in coverage observed among young men. Fourth, the growth in older women's coverage appears to be the result of their greater propensity to be employed in highly paid/highly covered occupations.

Description:

Statistics of Canadian production and trade in fish are presented in four parts: primary operations (series N1-48), processing (series N49-82), value of exports and imports (series N83-113), and miscellaneous statistics (series N114-142).

Description:

This section includes production, exports and imports of metallic and non-metallic minerals, the latter category including structural materials but excluding fuels, which are reported in the Energy chapter, Section Q. The section contains three parts: metallic minerals, series P1-81; non-metallic minerals, series P82-150; and principal statistics, series P151-162. The first two parts contain quantities and value of production, exports and imports; the third part contains number of employees, salaries and wages, cost of fuel and electricity, cost of process supplies and containers, gross value of production and net value added by processing.

Description:

This section contains the major statistics pertaining to the energy-producing and energy-distributing industries in Canada. These statistics are collected and maintained by Statistics Canada using a classification based on nature of the resource base and level of activity, rather than the end-use classification that has been adopted here. In the previous edition, portions of the material which appears here appeared in Section N, Minerals and Fuel, others appeared in Section P, Electric Power.

Description:

This section updates the official statistics on manufactures for 1870 to 1959 presented in the first edition of Historical Statistics of Canada. Apart from minor revision to some series for the years 1952 to 1959, no revisions have been made to the statistics from 1870 to 1959. The descriptions of the statistics for this period have been reproduced without change from the description in the first edition written by Arthur J.R. Smith.

Description:

The statistics in this section are arranged in five subsections. The first subsection (series S1-64) contains summary statistics for construction by type and by region. It also contains general statistics of the construction industry. The second subsection (series S65-166) contains statistics for non-residential construction by the sector 'purchasing' the construction. The third subsection (series S167-219) covers residential construction, the fourth (series S220-246) the housing stock and the fifth (series S247-335) mortgage funding. A major difference between this section and the similar section in the first edition of Historical Statistics of Canada is the elimination of most of the series on repair construction detail. On the other hand, a large number of series have been added. These include the series on mortgage funding and housing unit costs.

Description:

The data of this section are in nine subsections as follows: rail transport, (series T1-82); water transport and canal statistics, (series T83-141); roads and road transport, (series T142-194); civil aviation, (series T195-246); oil and gas pipelines, (series T247-250); transportation accident victims (series T251-292); post office statistics, (series T293-314); telecommunications carrier industry, (series T315-352) and radio and television, (series T353-359).

Description:

The data of this section are in three parts. Series Vl-331 contain statistics on retail trade, series V332-409 on wholesale trade and series V410-448 on service establishments.

Description:

This section is in three main parts as follows: Summary Statistics (series W1-66); Elementary and Secondary Education (series W67-306) and Post-secondary Education (series W307-532). Within each part there are series on enrolment, number and qualifications of teachers and financial data. Additional information on degrees awarded and libraries is given in the third part.

Description:

The data in the tables of Section Y fall into two major divisions. Series Yl-296 concern the federal scene, series Y297-387 the 10 provincial scenes. Within the first major division, series Yl-40 contain data on executive and legislative posts and occupants; series Y41-210 on elections and parliamentary sessions; series Y211-263 on employees and representation abroad; and series Y264-296 on disallowance of provincial acts, reservation of provincial bills and on federal Royal Commissions. Within the second division, series Y297-801 present provincial data on Lieutenant-Governors and premiers; series Y302-387 the results of provincial elections.

Description:

This section on crime and justice contains 328 series, arranged in four main sub-sections: crime and law enforcement, (series Z1-65); court proceedings, (series Z66-172); penal institutions, (series Z173-226); and juvenile delinquency, (series Z227-291). Population statistics are appended to facilitate use of the series, (series Z292-328). These series have been selected and arranged not only to provide usable quantitative information covering the field of criminal justice but also to indicate something of the historical development of justice statistics in Canada over the past century.

Description:

This second edition of R&D tax treatment in Canada: a provincial comparison, uses a method developed by the Conference Board of Canada to compare the tax incentives to do research and development (R&D) in each of the provinces. The results contribute to the analysis of regional differences in science and technology activity in Canada, as part of the work of the Science, Innovation and Electronic Information Division of Statistics Canada.

An example of a regional difference is the tax incentive to do R&D in a province. There is the federal Scientific Research and Experimental Development tax programme, which has regional variations. Six out of ten provinces have their own incentive programmes and tax rates which differ from province to province. The B-Index analysis of the Conference Board provides a means of comparing tax incentives and of providing an indicator.

Description:

This publication presents the national gross domestic expenditures on research and development (GERD) from 1988 to 1999 as well as the provincial GERD from 1988 to 1997. An additional series of tables showing research and development (R&D) expenditures at the national level in either science from 1963 to 1987, or at the provincial level from 1979 to 1987, may be obtained from the Science and Innovation Surveys Section, Science, Innovation and Electronic Information Division.

Description:

This working paper presents the estimation procedures used to calculate the research and development (R&D) expenditures in the higher education sector for the year 1979-80 to 1997-98.

Description:

Computer communications occur when someone connects a computer to a communications network to access information on the Internet, to send and receive e-mail, or to use electronic banking services. This article uses 1998 data to update previous estimates of the proportion of Canadian households regularly using computer communications, analyzing the relationships between usage and location of use, household income, and other demographic factors. The article also looks at the growth of household connectedness over the past year, as well as the time spent using computer communications from home for a variety of services that can be accessed through the Internet.

Description:

This service bulletin presents the geographic distribution of federal government science and technologyexpenditures. Data on federal government expenditures on science and technology are found in Volume 23,No. 5 of this publication, released in October, 1999. In both this and the earlier bulletin, science and technology (S&T) expenditure is the sum of expenditures on research and development (R&D) and on related scientific activities (RSA).

Description:

The statistics presented in this bulletin are derived from our latest survey of industrial research and development activities in Canada. The survey reports on the research and development spending intentions for 1999, the estimates for 1998 and the actual expenditures for 1997 of corporations performing research and development activities in Canada. In 1997, a decision was made to eliminate the short survey forms in favour of administrative data, in order to reduce the response burden.

Description: Fifteen years ago in this series, A. Romaniuc published a comprehensive study of how fertility in Canada had evolved over the century. It described the phenomenal increase of fertility in the postwar period, resulting in the baby boom. With the largest cohorts ever known in Canada, the baby boomers, by their numbers alone, will have left their mark on Canada's social, economic and political structure throughout their life cycle.

Description: At the beginning of this century, a Canadian male could expect to live an average of 47 years and a Canadian female, 50 years. At that time, barely 38% of males and 44% of females reached the respectable age of 65 years. They could then expect to live for roughly another decade.

Description:

As the century draws to a close, there are many topics of interest involving Canada's aboriginal peoples: self-government, land claims, the environment, the criminal justice system, urbanization, the labour market, education, etc. However, one topic receives little attention but could have a major impact on how the others will develop: the demographic growth of aboriginal populations.

Description:

In this paper, we assemble data from several household surveys to document how pension coverage of young and older workers has evolved in Canada between the mid-1980s and the mid-1990s. Our main findings are the following. First, both administrative data from the Pension Plans in Canada (PPIC) database and data from household surveys show an increase in RPP coverage for women. In contrast, while PPIC data show a decrease in coverage for men, household surveys indicate no downward trend for males. Second, sample aggregates hide interesting differences within the population. We find that the pension coverage of young workers (aged 25-34) has declined relative to older workers (aged 35-54). Young males have experienced a decline in coverage while RPP coverage has remained fairly stable for older men. In contrast, pension coverage has remained fairly constant for young women but has risen substantially for older women. Third, the decline in unionism and shifts towards industries with low-coverage explain most of the decrease in coverage observed among young men. Fourth, the growth in older women's coverage appears to be the result of their greater propensity to be employed in highly paid/highly covered occupations.

Description:

Series description

This series includes five general reference products - the Preview of Products and Services; the Catalogue; the Dictionary; the Handbook and the Technical Reports - as well as geography reference products - GeoSuite and Reference Maps.

Product description

Technical Reports examine the quality of data from the 1996 Census, a large and complex undertaking. While considerable effort was taken to ensure high quality standards throughout each step, the results are subject to a certain degree of error. Each report looks at the collection and processing operations and presents results from data evaluation, as well as notes on historical comparability.

Technical Reports are aimed at moderate and sophisticated users but are written in a manner which could make them useful to all census data users. Most of the technical reports have been cancelled, with the exception of Age, Sex, Marital Status and Common-law Status, Coverage and Sampling and Weighting. These reports will be available as bilingual publications as well as being available in both official languages on the Internet as free products.

This report deals with coverage errors, which occured when persons, households, dwellings or families were missed by the 1996 Census or enumerated in error. Coverage errors are one of the most important types of error since they affect not only the accuracy of the counts of the various census universes but also the accuracy of all of the census data describing the characteristics of these universes. With this information, users can determine the risks involved in basing conclusions or decisions on census data.

Description:

This report deals with sampling and weighting, a process whereby certain characteristics are collected and processed for a random sample of dwellings and persons identified in the complete census enumeration. Data for the whole population are then obtained by scaling up the results for the sample to the full population level. The use of sampling may lead to substantial reductions in costs and respondent burden, or alternatively, can allow the scope of a census to be broadened at the same cost.

Description:

Series Description:

This series includes five general reference products - the Preview of Products and Services; the Catalogue; the Dictionary; the Handbook and Technical Reports - as well as two geography reference products - GeoSuite and Reference Maps.

Product Description:

The 1996 Census Dictionary provides detailed information on all of the concepts, variables and geographic elements of the 1996 Census. Information provided for each variable includes a definition, the associated census questions, applicable response categories or classifications and special remarks, namely on historical aspects. Users should make use of this edition of the 1996 Census Dictionary for the most up-to-date information. This final edition is also available on our web site as a free downloadable product.

Description:

The National Population Health Survey (NPHS) is a family of surveys with multiple objectives, one of which is to provide information on a panel of people who will be followed over time to reflect the dynamic process of health and illness. Data for the first cycle of the NPHS - Households Survey were collected from June 1994 to June 1995, and were released in September 1995. Data for the second cycle were collected from June 1996 to August 1997. One of the primary outputs for the second cycle is a longitudinal master file. This paper will describe six major strategies that were developed to process the longitudinal master file.

Description:

In 1994, Statistics Canada introduced a new longitudinal social survey that collects information from about 23,000 children spread over 13,500 households. The objective of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth is to measure the development and well being of children until they reach adulthood. To this end, the survey gathers together information about the child, parents, neighbourhood as well as family and school environment. As a consequence, the data collected for each child, is provided by several respondents, from parents to teachers, a situation which contributes to an increased disclosure risk. In order to reach a balance between confidentiality and the analytical value of released data, the survey produces three different microdata files with more or less information. The master file that contains all the information is only available by means of remote access. Hence, researchers do not have direct access to the data, but send their request in the form of software programs that are submitted by Statistics Canada staff. The results are then vetted for confidentiality and sent back to the researchers. The presentation will be devoted to the various disclosure risks of such a survey and to the tools used to reduce those risks.

Description:

In epidemiology analysis of longitudinal data is commonly accepted as providing the most robust measures of association between putative risk and selected outcomes such as death or cancer. SMARTIE is a SAS application for efficient analysis of longitudinal data. Based on person days at risk, it can handle multiple exits from and re-entries to risk, and derives outcome measures such as survival rates. Standardised Mortality Ratios (SMRs) and Cancer Incidence Ratios (SIRs). Summary data can be produced in a format easily ported to any modelling package such as Stats 5.0. We discuss the background to its development, the overall program structure, its command language, and finally we say something about the organization of outputs. Findings from survival studies using the Longitudinal Study of the Office for National Statistics (ONS) are used to demonstrate features of SMARTIE. This study is based on one per cent of the population of England and Wales. It is continually updated with the addition of new members and with information from birth, death and cancer records, and from the census.

Description:

Models for fitting longitudinal binary responses are explored using a panel study of voting intentions. A standard repeated measures multilevel logistic model is shown inadequate due to the presence of a substantial proportion of respondents who maintain a constant response over time. A multivariate binary response model is shown a better fit to the data.

Description:

Longitudinal studies with repeated observations on individuals permit better characterizations of change and assessment of possible risk factors, but there has been little experience applying sophisticated models for longitudinal data to the complex survey setting. We present results from a comparison of different variance estimation methods for random effects models of change in cognitive function among older adults. The sample design is a stratified sample of people 65 and older, drawn as part of a community-based study designed to examine risk factors for dementia. The model summarizes the population heterogeneity in overall level and rate of change in cognitive function using random effects for intercept and slope. We discuss an unweighted regression including covariates for the stratification variables, a weighted regression, and bootstrapping; we also did preliminary work into using balanced repeated replication and jackknife repeated replication.

Description:

This paper presents a method for handling longitudinal data in which individuals belong to more than one unit at a higher level, and also where there is missing information on the identification of the units to which they belong. In education, for example, a student might be classified as belonging sequentially to a particular combination of primary and secondary school, but for some students, the identity of either the primary or secondary school may be unknown. Likewise, in a longitudinal study, students may change school or class from one period to the next, so 'belonging' to more than one higher level unit. The procedures used to model these stuctures are extensions of a random effects cross-classified multilevel model.

Description:

The British Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a quarterly household survey with a rotating sample design that can potentially be used to produce longitudinal data, including estimates of labour force gross flows. However, these estimates may be biased due to the effect of non-response. Weighting adjustments are a commonly used method to account for non-response bias. We find that weighting may not fully account for the effect of non-response bias because non-response may depend on the unobserved labour force flows, i.e., the non-response is non-ignorable. To adjust for the effects of non-ignorable non-response, we propose a model for the complex non-response patterns in the LFS which controls for the correlated within-household non-response behaviour found in the survey. The results of modelling suggest that non-response may be non-ignorable in the LFS, causing the weighting estimates to be biased.