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All (156)

All (156) (40 to 50 of 156 results)

41. Unemployment kaleidoscope Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X20000035371
Geography: Canada
Description:
Changing the focus - from the individual to the family, from one week to one year - can dramatically alter perceptions of unemployment. This article compares alternative measures with the official rate over the last two decades.
Release date: 2000-09-06
42. Taxes internationally Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X20000035372
Geography: Canada
Description:
Some taxes may be higher, some lower than in other developed nations, but overall Canada's effective tax rate is middle-of-the-road. Using OECD data, this study compares several tax-t0-GDP ratios of the G-7 and the 29 OECD countires.
Release date: 2000-09-06
43. Payroll taxes - Recent trends Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X20000035373
Geography: Canada
Description:
Payroll taxes vary widely in level and growth across the provinces. Of the nine taxes, only three are nationwide. This article looks at trends across the country. It also briefly compares total Canadian payroll taxes with those of other G-7 and OECD nations.
Release date: 2000-09-06
44. Non-unionized but covered by collective agreement Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X20000035374
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article examines the issue of non-union members who are covered by collective agreements, comparing the Canadian picture in the late 1990s with that of the United States. An accompanying update, which covers the first half of 2000, provides Perspectives annual socio-demograhic and economic profile of union members.
Release date: 2000-09-06
45. Rural roots Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X20000035375
Geography: Canada
Description:
For some time, concerns have been raised about the movement of young people away from rural areas, mainly to find work. This article provides information on the extent to which youths stay, leave or return to rural communities. (Adapted from a recently published analytical report.)
Release date: 2000-09-06
46. The Gender Composition and Wages: Why is Canada Different from the United States? Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2000140
Geography: Canada
Description:
The correlation of occupational gender composition and wages is the basis of pay equity/comparable worth legislation. A number of previous studies have examined this correlation in US data, identifying some of the determinants of low wages in "female jobs", as well as important limitations of public policy in this area. There is little evidence, however, from other jurisdictions. This omission is particularly disturbing in the case of Canada, which now has some of the most extensive pay equity legislation in the world. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive picture, circa the late 1980's, of the occupational gender segregation in Canada and its consequences for wages. We also draw explicit comparisons of our findings to evidence for the United States. We find that the link between female wages and gender composition is much stronger in the United States than in Canada, where it is generally small and not statistically significant. The relatively more advantageous position of women in female jobs in Canada is found to be linked to higher unionization rates and the industry-wage effects of "public goods" sectors.
Release date: 2000-09-05
47. Who Moves? A Panel Logit Model Analysis of Inter-provincial Migration in Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2000142
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper addresses the topic of inter-provincial migration in terms of the basic question: "who moves?" Panel logit models of the probability of moving from one year to the next are estimated using samples derived from the Longitudinal Administrative Database covering the period 1982-95. Explanatory variables include "environmental" factors, personal characteristics, labour market attributes, and a series of year variables. Separate models are estimated for eight age-sex groups.
The major findings include that: i) migration rates have been inversely related to the size of the province, presumably capturing economic conditions, labour market scale effects, and pure geographical distance, while language has also played an important role; ii) residents of smaller cities, towns, and especially rural areas have been less likely to move than individuals in larger cities; iii) age, marriage, and the presence of children have been negatively related to mobility, for both men and women; iv) migration has been positively related to the provincial unemployment rate, the individuals' receipt of unemployment insurance (except Entry Men), having no market income (except for Entry Men and Entry Women), and the receipt of social assistance (especially for men); v) beyond the zero earnings point, migration has been positively related to earnings levels for prime aged men, but not for others, and these effects are generally small (holding other factors constant); vi) there were no dramatic shifts in migration rates over time, but men's rates dropped off a bit in the 1990s while women's rates (except for the Entry group) generally held steadier or rose slightly, indicating a divergence in trends along gender lines.
Release date: 2000-09-05
48. Rural Youth: Stayers, Leavers and Return Migrants Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2000152
Geography: Canada
Description:
There has been for some time substantial concern regarding the loss of young people in rural communities. There is a sense that most rural communities offer few opportunities for their younger people, requiring them to leave for urban communities, most likely not to return. While there is a considerable body of research on interprovincial migration, relatively little is currently known about migration patterns in rural and urban areas in Canada.
According to our analysis, in virtually all provinces young people 15 to 19 years of age are leaving rural areas in greater proportions than urban areas - in part to pursue post-secondary education. While there are more complex migration patterns affecting the 20-29 age group, the net result of all migration is that the Atlantic provinces - as well as Manitoba and Saskatchewan - are net losers of their rural population aged 15-29. The problem is particularly acute in Newfoundland. In the Atlantic provinces, rural areas which fare worse than the national average - in terms of net gains of youth population - do so not because they have a higher than average percentage of leavers but rather because they are unable to attract a sufficiently high proportion of individuals into their communities.
Of all individuals who move out of their rural community, at most 25% return to this community ten years later. The implication of this result is clear: one cannot count on return migration as a means of preserving the population size of a given cohort. Rather, rural areas must rely on inflows from other (urban) areas to achieve this goal. Some rural communities achieve this; that is, they register positive net in-migration of persons aged 25-29 or older, even though they incur a net loss of younger people.
Individuals who move out of rural areas generally experience higher earnings growth than their counterparts who stay. However, it remains an open question in which direction the causality works: is the higher earnings growth the result of the migration process itself or does it reflect the possibility that people with higher earnings growth potential are more likely to become movers?
Release date: 2000-09-05
49. Determinants of university and community college leavers Archived
Articles and reports: 81-003-X19990045143
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article explores regional differences among students who drop out of Canadian universities and community colleges.
Release date: 2000-09-01
50. University education: Recent trends in participation, accessibility and returns Archived
Articles and reports: 81-003-X19990045144
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article explores the effects of increasing costs on university attendance and the subsequent labour market outcomes of graduates.
Release date: 2000-09-01

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Analysis (155)

Analysis (155) (0 to 10 of 155 results)

1. Literacy in Canada: Disparity Between Francophones and Anglophones Archived
Journals and periodicals: 89-573-X
Geography: Canada
Description:
The international Adult Literacy Survey of 1994 is an important source of information about the literacy levels of Canadians as well as the factors that can explain the disparities between certain sub-populations. The current study shows and tries to explain some of the disparities between Francophones and Anglophones in Canada.
Release date: 2000-12-22
2. Break and enter in Canada, 1999 Archived
Articles and reports: 85-002-X20000138386
Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area
Description:
This report provides an overview of residential, business and 'other' break and enter (B & E) offences in Canada, including trends at the national, provincial and metropolitan area levels, as well as characteristics of B & E incidents, accused persons and victims. In addition the offence known as "home invasion" is also discussed. Data are examined from both the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) survey and the General Social Survey (GSS) on victimization. Data from both youth and adult court are examined to look at the types of sentences being given to persons convicted of B & E offences.
Release date: 2000-12-19
3. Neighbourhood Inequality in Canadian Cities Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2000160
Geography: Canada
Description:
In this paper, we use census tract data to analyse changes in neighbourhood income inequality and residential economic segregation in the eight largest Canadian cities during the 1980-95 period. Is the income gap between richer and poorer neighbourhoods rising? Are high and low-income families increasingly clustered in economically homogeneous neighbourhoods? The main results are an elaboration of the spatial implications of the well documented changes that have occurred in family income and earnings inequality since 1980. We find that between neighbourhood family income (post-transfer/pre-tax) inequality rose in all cities driven by a substantial rise in neighbourhood (employment) earnings inequality. Real average earnings fell, sometimes dramatically, in low-income neighbourhoods in virtually all cities while rising moderately in higher income neighbourhoods. Strikingly, social transfers, which were the main factor stabilizing national level income inequality in the face of rising earnings inequality, had only a modest impact on changes in neighbourhood inequality. Changes in the neighbourhood distribution of earnings signal significant change in the social and economic character of many neighbourhoods. Employment was increasingly concentrated in higher income communities and unemployment in lower income neighbourhoods. Finally, we ask whether neighbourhood inequality rose primarily as a result of rising family income inequality in the city as a whole or because families were increasingly sorting themselves into "like" neighbourhoods so that neighbourhoods were becoming more economically homogeneous (economic "segregation"). We find that economic spatial segregation increased in all cities and was the major factor behind rising neighbourhood inequality in four of the eight cities. A general rise in urban family income inequality was the main factor in the remaining four cities.
Release date: 2000-12-13
4. Factors Associated with Female Employment Rates in Rural and Small Town Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 21-006-X2000001
Geography: Canada
Description:
Historically, female employment rates in rural areas have been significantly below the rates for women in urban areas (Bollman, 1991; Fuguitt, Brown and Beale, 1989). The objective of this paper is to explore some of the factors associated with these rural-urban differences in female employment rates.
Release date: 2000-12-13
5. 100 years of income and expenditures Archived
Articles and reports: 11-008-X20000035386
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article looks at Canadians' incomes and expeditures in the 20th century.
Release date: 2000-12-12
6. 100 years of health Archived
Articles and reports: 11-008-X20000035387
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article looks briefly at changes in health in the 20th century, with special focus on the concerns of Canadians in childhood, mid-life and old age.
Release date: 2000-12-12
7. 100 years of urban development Archived
Articles and reports: 11-008-X20000035388
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article traces the development of Canada from a rural to an urban society in the 20th century.
Release date: 2000-12-12
8. Patterns of religious attendance Archived
Articles and reports: 11-008-X20000035389
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article looks at the effect of declining religious attendance on social cohesion in the general society.
Release date: 2000-12-12
9. Minimum wage [2009] Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X201010313246
Geography: Canada
Description:
All provinces and territories set minimum wages in their employment standards legislation. This update uses the Labour Force Survey to examine the characteristics of those who work at or below the minimum wage for experienced adults in each jurisdiction. The incidence of working for minimum wage has increased each year since 2006 but remains concentrated among youth, particularly young women.
Release date: 2000-12-11
10. Income in manufacturing regions Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X201010713254
Geography: Canada
Description:
The loss of manufacturing jobs can affect other sectors of the economy, particularly when local employment is heavily concentrated in manufacturing. This article covers income, low-income incidence and Employment Insurance use, in regions with varying concentrations of manufacturing employment. The article focuses on the period from 2000 the most recent peak in manufacturing employment to 2007 the last full year of economic growth.
Release date: 2000-12-11

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1. Publicly Available Data Resources on the Non-profit Sector in Canada Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0033M2000003
Geography: Canada
Description:
This report provides an overview of an inventory of publicly available data on the nonprofit sector.
Release date: 2000-06-12

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Date modified:: 2024-06-06