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This release provides data on the research and development activities of the private non-profit sector. Although the contribution of this sector to the national research and development effort is small in dollar terms, (approximately 0.6% of the total research and development performed in Canada for 2001) its impact, particularly in the university and hospital sectors, is significant.

This paper compares six definitions of the word 'rural' from databases at Statistics Canada. Each definition emphasizes different criteria (population size, density, context) and has different associated thresholds. The size of the territorial units (building blocks) from which each definition is constructed also varies.

Businesses today are involved in a variety of practices aimed at preventing or reducing environmental degradation generated from their production activity. During the 1990s, the environmental regulation context changed. Increasingly, governments have relied on voluntary initiatives undertaken by businesses to reduce pollutants and waste, as opposed to regulations. However, at the same time, the federal authorities have undertaken to revise the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA), in order to increase federal power for environmental regulation but with strong emphasis put on promoting pollution prevention. Consequently, businesses today are looking at alternative ways to limit impacts from their operations on the environment.

Environmental Management and Technologies in the Business Sector presents a profile of business demand for environmental processes and technologies, pollution prevention methods and environmental practices, such as environmental management systems and voluntary actions. What types of treatment processes are the most popular ones for reducing gas emissions, liquid, solid and hazardous waste, noise, radiation and vibration, for saving energy or for site reclamation? What is the market for environmental processes and technologies? What pollution prevention methods are used more frequently? What additional environmental practices have businesses adopted (for instance, are voluntary programs more popular than eco-labelling?)?

This paper is based on results from the Survey of Environmental Protection Expenditures. For the first time, the survey asked detailed questions on the type of environmental process or technology used and the adoption of environmental practices. The paper is a complement to both 1996-1997 and 1998 Environmental Protection Expenditures in the Business Sector reports (Catalogue no. 16F0006XIE).

Cyber-crime is a global problem that in many instances transcends national borders. Historically, compiling meaningful statistics about this activity has been difficult because of the reluctance on the part of victims to report these offences to police. However, because of the financial losses sustained, an increasing number of these crimes are being reported to police. As a result, federal, provincial and territorial governments, as well as the police community, are interested in analyzing national trends on cyber-crime and their impact on Canadians.

In response to this need for information, the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (CCJS) conducted a Special Study to examine the issues and data sources related to cyber-crime and to investigate the feasibility of collecting quantitative data from police services in Canada. This report examines definitions of cyber-crime, current legislation in Canada and other countries, existing data sources, summarizes results from consultations with selected police forces, and presents options for collecting cyber-crime data from police agencies.

This paper examines the characteristics of men 55 and over who are no longer active in the labour market, and the "voluntary" or "involuntary" reasons for inactivity.

This article looks at how people feel about their neighbourhood.

This article explores the demographic, social and economic characteristics of the underweight population.

This article examines the extent to which Canadian families are financially vulnerable to adverse events, such as a sudden loss of income or unexpected bills.

This article focusses on the change in unmet health care needs reported by Canadians from 1998 to 2001, using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey and the National Population Health Survey.

This article addresses overqualification, which concerns both workers and employers because people who hold jobs that make few demands on their skills have lower earnings and lower levels of productivity.

This table shows 2001 Census data for the following levels of geography: census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and census tracts.

This table is part of the topic "Housing," which presents 2001 Census data on dwellings, including structural type of dwelling, number of rooms and bedrooms, condition of dwelling and period of construction, as well as data on households, including household maintainer and tenure (owned, rented and band housing).

It is also possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. Refer to Catalogue No. 97F0023XCB for more information.

This table shows 2001 Census data for the following levels of geography: Canada, provinces, territories and forward sortation areas.

This table is part of the topic "Housing," which presents 2001 Census data on dwellings, including structural type of dwelling, number of rooms and bedrooms, condition of dwelling and period of construction, as well as data on households, including household maintainer and tenure (owned, rented and band housing).

It is also possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. Refer to Catalogue No. 97F0023XCB for more information.

This free Internet product presents all farm operator data from the 2001 Census of Agriculture. It depicts the men and women who make the day-to-day management decisions on Canadian farms. The farm operator variables include number of farm operators, age, sex, residence status, farm and non-farm work, and farm-related injuries.This product contains data at the Canada, province, census agricultural region (CAR) and census division (CD) levels.

The cable industry is going through a fundamental transformation. Only a few years ago, this regulated industry could be described as consisting of territorial monopolies engaged in the delivery of analogue programming services. Since 1997 the regulatory environment has evolved, new techonologies and services have emerged, and service providers have been positioning themselves in existing and new markets.

This publication contains supply, disposition and per capita disappearance data for the following food groups: oils and fats, fruits, vegetables, potatoes and fish. Per capita disappearance is available on both a retail weight and fresh equivalent basis per day and per year.

This on-line publication presents monthly and cumulative data by province of mill location on: receipts, consumption and inventories of pulpwood, and wood residue from pulp and paper mills in Canada. The December issue includes a list of reporting firms.

This bulletin provides a detailed analysis of farm structure and financial performance of grain and oilseed farms and farm operators, by revenue class and by province.

This series of 11 bulletins produced jointly by Statistics Canada and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada offers readers an analytical and illustrative presentation of farm financial data. Data from Revenue Canada taxation of unincorporated and incorporated farms and other agricultural surveys provide the statistical basis for these bulletins. Eight of these bulletins feature a specific farm type providing analysis on such key variables as revenues and expenses, net operating income and net operating margins. Physical characteristics such as crop areas and livestock inventory numbers as well as some distributional data are presented. The first bulletin of this series provides an overview of all farm types combined. The two remaining bulletins present sources and levels of off-farm income for farm operators and farm families for selected farm types. Depending on the variables, the discussion is presented by province or by revenue class. Comparisons of financial performance are also made for selected variables. Tables and graphs support the analytical texts.

This table shows 2001 Census data for the following levels of geography: census metropolitan areas, tracted census agglomerations and census tracts.

This table is part of the topic "Marital Status of Canadians," which presents 2001 Census data on marital status and common-law status, by age and sex. These data show the number of persons who are single, legally married, separated, divorced or widowed. Data are also provided on the marital status of persons who reported living common-law. The data are reported for individuals, for the entire Canadian population.

It is also possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. Refer to catalogue No. 97F0023XCB for more information.

This table shows 2001 Census data for the following levels of geography: Canada, provinces, territories and federal electoral districts (by 1996 Representation Order).

This table is part of the topic "Marital Status of Canadians," which presents 2001 Census data on marital status and common-law status, by age and sex. These data show the number of persons who are single, legally married, separated, divorced or widowed. Data are also provided on the marital status of persons who reported living common-law. The data are reported for individuals, for the entire Canadian population.

It is also possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. Refer to catalogue No. 97F0023XCB for more information.

This research project provides an overview of diversification and specialization in rural regions and communities for the census years 1981, 1986, 1991 and 1996.

The 2001 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey (PALS) is a post-censal survey of adults and children whose everyday activities are limited because of a condition or health problem. A sample of those persons who answered "Yes" to the 2001 Census disability filter questions were included in the PALS survey population. Approximately 35,000 adults and 8,000 children living in private, and some collective, households in the 10 provinces were selected to participate in the survey. The data were collected in the fall of 2001. The survey was last conducted after the 1991 Census under the title of the 1991 Health and Activity Limitation Survey (HALS). This report presents an overview of the methodological and content changes between the 1991 HALS and the 2001 PALS. The major differences include new census disability filter questions, a new sampling plan and new questionnaire content.

Institutions in the higher education sector usually have records of funds received by them specifically for research and development , and some can provide lists of research projects carried out by staff. The research and development expenditure estimates are based on reports of payments awarded to institutions through the annual survey of the Canadian Association of University Business Officers (CAUBO).

Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (GERD) represents total research and development expenditures performed in a country's national territory during a given year. GERD includes R&D performed within a country and funded from abroad but excludes payments sent abroad for research and development performed in other countries.

This study examines the difference in reading performance between students in rural and urban schools. It uses data from the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS) and the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).

The purpose of this paper is to examine profitability trends in the Canadian food processing industry, comparing it with other manufacturing industries during the period of 1990 to 1998.

This publication incorporates a detailed description of the methods used to arrive at the various low income cut-off points. There is also an explanation of how base years are defined and how the cutoffs are updated using the Consumer Price Index.

For millennia, changes in the earth's atmosphere were the result of natural forces. Over the past century, however, these changes have escalated as a result of human activities-mainly unprecedented growth in global population and consumption of natural resources to increase industrial production-that degrade and destroy the forests and other vital ecosystems essential to atmospheric processes. Such human activities produce large quantities of substances that are released in the air, where over time they can overload natural processes and eventually reach harmful levels. The result is poor air quality in urban and rural areas around the world.

This article addresses the following questions: What is the condition of our outdoor and indoor air? What effects does air quality have on our health and our environment? And what are governments and businesses doing to address air quality concerns?

This paper analyses the impacts of the 1981-82 and 1990-92 recessions on individual services industries. Quarterly changes in real GDP are analysed for each major services industry, and impacts on employment are also examined. The results show that some services industries are more susceptible than others to recessionary downturns in the economy.

This product includes a data quality note and two data tables on collective dwellings in the 2001 Census.

This series includes a number of comprehensive articles that supplement the day-of-release information launched through The Daily. These catalogued articles provide an analytical perspective on the 2001 Census release topics. The number and length of these articles vary for each census release and are based on the 21 census release topics disseminated over 8 major release dates.

More focused articles were disseminated as major releases in The Dailyin the weeks following the official release of the data. Other more specialized articles were also announced in The Daily. The articles in the 2001 Census Analysis Series are available free of charge via the Internet.

As of November 7, 2002 the Provincial Economic Accounts estimates will incorporate a change related to trade.

As of September 30, 2002 the monthly GDP by industry estimates will incorporate the Chain Fisher formula. This change will be applied from January 1997 and will be pushed back to January 1961 within a year.

The definition of the Information and communications technologies (ICT) sector will be modified to conform more closely to the international standard developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Specifically, libraries and the retailing of ICT commodities will be removed from the aggregation, but due to data limitations we will not include the repair of ICT equipment in our aggregation. The estimates will be reworked back to January 1997.

This brochure is intended for anyone interested in a career as a mathematical statistician at Statistics Canada (MA group). It provides an overview of Statistics Canada and the workplace, a description of the type of work done by statisticians, as well as the training and development available to statisticians. It also gives the requirements and a description of the process involved in the annual recruitment of the statisticians (MA group), including the deadline dates for the different steps. Finally, it lists the name, address and phone number of the person in charge of the annual recruitment for the MA program for the given year.

The European Union Labour Forces Survey (LFS) is based on national surveys that were originally very different. For the past decade, under pressure from increasingly demanding users (particularly with respect to timeliness, comparability and flexibility), the LFS has been subjected to a constant process of quality improvement.

The following topics are presented in this paper:A. the quality improvement process, which comprises screening national survey methods, target structure, legal foundations, quality reports, more accurate and more explicit definitions of components, etc.;B. expected or achieved results, which include an ongoing survey producing quarterly results within reasonable time frames, comparable employment and unemployment rates over time and space in more than 25 countries, specific information on current political topics, etc.;C. continuing shortcomings, such as implementation delays in certain countries, possibilities of longitudinal analysis, public access to microdata, etc.; D. future tasks envisioned, such as adaptation of the list of ISCO and ISCED variables and nomenclatures (to take into account evolution in employment and teaching methods), differential treatment of structural variables and increased recourse to administrative files (to limit respondent burden), harmonization of questionnaires, etc.

This paper discusses the approach that Statistics Canada has taken to improve the quality of annual business surveys through their integration in the Unified Enterprise Survey (UES). The primary objective of the UES is to measure the final annual sales of goods and services accurately by province, in sufficient detail and in a timely manner.

This paper describes the methodological approaches that the UES has used to improve financial and commodity data quality in four broad areas. These include improved coherence of the data collected from different levels of the enterprise, better coverage of industries, better depth of information (in the sense of more content detail and estimates for more detailed domains) and better consistency of the concepts and methods across industries.

The approach, in achieving quality, has been to (a) establish a base measure of the quality of the business survey program prior to the UES, (b) measure the annual data quality of the UES, and (c) carry out specific studies to better understand the quality of UES data and methods.

This paper discusses in detail issues dealing with the technical aspects of designing and conducting surveys. It is intended for an audience of survey methodologists.

With the goal of obtaining a complete enumeration of the Canadian agricultural sector, the 2001 Census of Agriculture has been conducted using several collection methods. Challenges to the traditional drop-off and mail-back of paper questionnaires in a household-based enumeration have led to the adoption of supplemental methods using newer technologies to maintain the coverage and content of the census. Overall, this mixed-mode data collection process responds to the critical needs of the census programme at various points. This paper examines these data collection methods, several quality assessments, and the future challenges of obtaining a co-ordinated view of the methods' individual approaches to achieving data quality.

This paper discusses in detail issues dealing with the technical aspects of designing and conducting surveys. It is intended for an audience of survey methodologists.

In surveys with low response rates, non-response bias can be a major concern. While it is not always possible to measure the actual bias due to non-response, there are different approaches that help identify potential sources of non-response bias. In the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), surveys with a response rate lower than 70% must conduct a non-response bias analysis. This paper discusses the different approaches to non-response bias analyses using examples from NCES.

This paper discusses in detail issues dealing with the technical aspects of designing and conducting surveys. It is intended for an audience of survey methodologists.

This paper presents the Second Summit of the Americas Regional Education Indicators Project (PRIE), whose basic goal is to develop a set of comparable indicators for the Americas. This project is led by the Ministry of Education of Chile and has been developed in response to the countries' needs to improve their information systems and statistics. The countries need to construct reliable and relevant indicators to support decisions in education, both within their individual countries and the region as a whole. The first part of the paper analyses the importance of statistics and indicators in supporting educational policies and programs, and describes the present state of the information and statistics systems in these countries. It also discusses the major problems faced by the countries and reviews the countries' experiences in participating in other education indicators' projects or programs, such as the INES Program, WEI Project, MERCOSUR and CREMIS. The second part of the paper examines PRIE's technical co-operation program, its purpose and implementation. The second part also emphasizes how technical co-operation responds to the needs of the countries, and supports them in filling in the gaps in available and reliable data.

This paper discusses in detail issues dealing with the technical aspects of designing and conducting surveys. It is intended for an audience of survey methodologists.

The Census Bureau uses response error analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of survey questions. For a given survey, questions that are deemed critical to the survey or considered problematic from past examination are selected for analysis. New or revised questions are prime candidates for re-interview. Re-interview is a new interview where a subset of questions from the original interview are re-asked to a sample of the survey respondents. For each re-interview question, the proportion of respondents who give inconsistent responses is evaluated. The "Index of Inconsistency" is used as the measure of response variance. Each question is labelled low, moderate, or high in response variance. In high response variance cases, the questions are put through cognitive testing, and modifications to the question are recommended.

The Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) sponsored by The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), is also investigated for response error analysis and the possible relationships between inconsistent responses and characteristics of the schools and teachers in that survey. Results of this analysis can be used to change survey procedures and improve data quality.