Table 7 
Labour force characteristics by census metropolitan area, three-month moving average, seasonally adjusted 

Labour force characteristics by census metropolitan area, three-month moving average, seasonally adjusted
  November
2024
December
2024
Standard error1 November to December 2024 December 2023 to December 2024 November to December 2024 December 2023 to December 2024
  thousands (except rates)thousands (except rates)thousands (except rates) change in thousands (except rates)change in thousands (except rates) % change% change
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador              
Population 197.1 197.5 ... 0.4 5.1 0.2 2.7
Labour force 127.8 128.8 0.8 1.0 5.0 0.8 4.0
Employment 119.2 120.0 0.8 0.8 4.3 0.7 3.7
Unemployment 8.6 8.8 0.4 0.2 0.6 2.3 7.3
Participation rate 64.8 65.2 0.4 0.4 0.9 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.7 6.8 0.3 0.1 0.2 ... ...
Employment rate 60.5 60.8 0.4 0.3 0.7 ... ...
Halifax, Nova Scotia              
Population 434.6 435.5 ... 0.9 18.5 0.2 4.4
Labour force 294.0 293.5 1.6 -0.5 9.8 -0.2 3.5
Employment 278.9 278.5 1.6 -0.4 9.1 -0.1 3.4
Unemployment 15.1 15.0 0.9 -0.1 0.7 -0.7 4.9
Participation rate 67.6 67.4 0.4 -0.2 -0.6 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.1 5.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 ... ...
Employment rate 64.2 63.9 0.4 -0.3 -0.7 ... ...
Moncton, New Brunswick              
Population 154.2 154.6 ... 0.4 7.6 0.3 5.2
Labour force 101.9 102.2 0.9 0.3 6.5 0.3 6.8
Employment 96.6 96.3 0.9 -0.3 6.4 -0.3 7.1
Unemployment 5.3 5.9 0.4 0.6 0.2 11.3 3.5
Participation rate 66.1 66.1 0.6 0.0 1.0 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.2 5.8 0.4 0.6 -0.2 ... ...
Employment rate 62.6 62.3 0.6 -0.3 1.1 ... ...
Saint John, New Brunswick               
Population 120.6 120.7 ... 0.1 3.6 0.1 3.1
Labour force 73.3 72.3 0.8 -1.0 -1.7 -1.4 -2.3
Employment 69.5 68.0 0.9 -1.5 -2.5 -2.2 -3.5
Unemployment 3.8 4.3 0.3 0.5 0.8 13.2 22.9
Participation rate 60.8 59.9 0.7 -0.9 -3.3 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.2 5.9 0.4 0.7 1.2 ... ...
Employment rate 57.6 56.3 0.7 -1.3 -3.9 ... ...
Saguenay, Quebec              
Population 138.6 138.7 ... 0.1 2.1 0.1 1.5
Labour force 80.3 82.7 1.1 2.4 5.1 3.0 6.6
Employment 77.2 79.3 1.1 2.1 4.1 2.7 5.5
Unemployment 3.1 3.3 0.3 0.2 0.9 6.5 37.5
Participation rate 57.9 59.6 0.8 1.7 2.8 ... ...
Unemployment rate 3.9 4.0 0.4 0.1 0.9 ... ...
Employment rate 55.7 57.2 0.8 1.5 2.1 ... ...
Québec, Quebec              
Population 717.4 718.3 ... 0.9 13.4 0.1 1.9
Labour force 473.6 472.1 3.3 -1.5 -7.1 -0.3 -1.5
Employment 452.4 451.0 3.3 -1.4 -15.1 -0.3 -3.2
Unemployment 21.2 21.1 1.0 -0.1 8.0 -0.5 61.1
Participation rate 66.0 65.7 0.5 -0.3 -2.3 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.5 4.5 0.2 0.0 1.8 ... ...
Employment rate 63.1 62.8 0.5 -0.3 -3.3 ... ...
Sherbrooke, Quebec              
Population 201.4 201.8 ... 0.4 5.7 0.2 2.9
Labour force 122.2 122.3 1.2 0.1 1.2 0.1 1.0
Employment 115.7 116.1 1.3 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.7
Unemployment 6.5 6.3 0.5 -0.2 0.5 -3.1 8.6
Participation rate 60.7 60.6 0.6 -0.1 -1.2 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.3 5.2 0.4 -0.1 0.4 ... ...
Employment rate 57.4 57.5 0.6 0.1 -1.3 ... ...
Trois-Rivières, Quebec               
Population 142.3 142.5 ... 0.2 2.6 0.1 1.9
Labour force 88.9 88.7 0.9 -0.2 1.5 -0.2 1.7
Employment 83.3 83.9 0.9 0.6 1.3 0.7 1.6
Unemployment 5.6 4.7 0.3 -0.9 0.1 -16.1 2.2
Participation rate 62.5 62.2 0.6 -0.3 -0.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.3 5.3 0.4 -1.0 0.0 ... ...
Employment rate 58.5 58.9 0.6 0.4 -0.1 ... ...
Montréal, Quebec              
Population 3,916.1 3,925.5 ... 9.4 140.9 0.2 3.7
Labour force 2,602.8 2,611.4 8.9 8.6 46.0 0.3 1.8
Employment 2,429.7 2,435.9 9.2 6.2 23.2 0.3 1.0
Unemployment 173.1 175.5 4.7 2.4 22.8 1.4 14.9
Participation rate 66.5 66.5 0.2 0.0 -1.3 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.7 6.7 0.2 0.0 0.7 ... ...
Employment rate 62.0 62.1 0.2 0.1 -1.7 ... ...
Ottawa–Gatineau, Ontario/Quebec               
Population 1,329.2 1,332.5 ... 3.3 46.9 0.2 3.6
Labour force 912.4 914.0 4.3 1.6 23.7 0.2 2.7
Employment 856.2 860.0 4.5 3.8 10.9 0.4 1.3
Unemployment 56.2 54.0 1.9 -2.2 12.8 -3.9 31.1
Participation rate 68.6 68.6 0.3 0.0 -0.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.2 5.9 0.2 -0.3 1.3 ... ...
Employment rate 64.4 64.5 0.3 0.1 -1.5 ... ...
Ottawa–Gatineau, Quebec part, Ontario/Quebec              
Population 301.8 302.2 ... 0.4 5.7 0.1 1.9
Labour force 198.9 198.4 1.5 -0.5 -1.5 -0.3 -0.8
Employment 186.3 186.6 1.6 0.3 -4.0 0.2 -2.1
Unemployment 12.7 11.8 0.5 -0.9 2.6 -7.1 28.3
Participation rate 65.9 65.7 0.5 -0.2 -1.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.4 5.9 0.3 -0.5 1.3 ... ...
Employment rate 61.7 61.7 0.5 0.0 -2.6 ... ...
Ottawa–Gatineau, Ontario part, Ontario/Quebec              
Population 1,027.5 1,030.4 ... 2.9 41.2 0.3 4.2
Labour force 713.5 715.6 4.1 2.1 25.1 0.3 3.6
Employment 669.9 673.4 4.2 3.5 15.0 0.5 2.3
Unemployment 43.5 42.2 1.8 -1.3 10.2 -3.0 31.9
Participation rate 69.4 69.4 0.4 0.0 -0.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.1 5.9 0.3 -0.2 1.3 ... ...
Employment rate 65.2 65.4 0.4 0.2 -1.2 ... ...
Kingston, Ontario              
Population 162.6 163.0 ... 0.4 6.8 0.2 4.4
Labour force 102.5 103.1 1.0 0.6 6.8 0.6 7.1
Employment 96.8 97.3 1.0 0.5 6.8 0.5 7.5
Unemployment 5.7 5.8 0.3 0.1 0.0 1.8 0.0
Participation rate 63.0 63.3 0.6 0.3 1.6 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.6 5.6 0.3 0.0 -0.4 ... ...
Employment rate 59.5 59.7 0.6 0.2 1.8 ... ...
Belleville, Ontario              
Population 77.1 67.8 ... -9.3 -23.3 -12.1 -25.6
Labour force 38.6 32.9 2.9 -5.7 -15.1 -14.8 -31.5
Employment 37.8 31.9 2.7 -5.9 -14.2 -15.6 -30.8
Unemployment 0.7 1.1 0.6 0.4 -0.8 57.1 -42.1
Participation rate 50.1 48.5 2.5 -1.6 -4.2 ... ...
Unemployment rate 1.8 3.3 1.0 1.5 -0.7 ... ...
Employment rate 49.0 47.1 2.2 -1.9 -3.5 ... ...
Peterborough, Ontario              
Population 122.1 122.4 ... 0.3 4.2 0.2 3.6
Labour force 68.0 70.1 1.4 2.1 -4.8 3.1 -6.4
Employment 65.1 66.3 1.5 1.2 -5.8 1.8 -8.0
Unemployment 2.9 3.7 0.5 0.8 0.9 27.6 32.1
Participation rate 55.7 57.3 1.2 1.6 -6.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.3 5.3 0.7 1.0 1.6 ... ...
Employment rate 53.3 54.2 1.3 0.9 -6.8 ... ...
Oshawa, Ontario              
Population 370.4 371.1 ... 0.7 9.6 0.2 2.7
Labour force 248.0 246.4 2.0 -1.6 3.1 -0.6 1.3
Employment 228.7 227.0 2.1 -1.7 0.7 -0.7 0.3
Unemployment 19.4 19.4 1.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 14.8
Participation rate 67.0 66.4 0.6 -0.6 -0.9 ... ...
Unemployment rate 7.8 7.9 0.4 0.1 1.0 ... ...
Employment rate 61.7 61.2 0.6 -0.5 -1.4 ... ...
Toronto, Ontario              
Population 6,202.8 6,223.5 ... 20.7 302.6 0.3 5.1
Labour force 4,098.6 4,123.2 11.2 24.6 177.9 0.6 4.5
Employment 3,765.6 3,775.6 11.2 10.0 94.7 0.3 2.6
Unemployment 332.9 347.6 6.4 14.7 83.2 4.4 31.5
Participation rate 66.1 66.3 0.2 0.2 -0.3 ... ...
Unemployment rate 8.1 8.4 0.2 0.3 1.7 ... ...
Employment rate 60.7 60.7 0.2 0.0 -1.5 ... ...
Hamilton, Ontario              
Population 706.9 708.2 ... 1.3 18.7 0.2 2.7
Labour force 452.9 450.1 3.2 -2.8 7.8 -0.6 1.8
Employment 422.1 417.1 3.2 -5.0 -0.4 -1.2 -0.1
Unemployment 30.7 33.0 1.3 2.3 8.3 7.5 33.6
Participation rate 64.1 63.6 0.5 -0.5 -0.5 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.8 7.3 0.3 0.5 1.7 ... ...
Employment rate 59.7 58.9 0.5 -0.8 -1.7 ... ...
St. Catharines–Niagara, Ontario               
Population 399.8 400.7 ... 0.9 13.5 0.2 3.5
Labour force 245.3 243.4 3.0 -1.9 3.6 -0.8 1.5
Employment 228.8 227.5 2.9 -1.3 5.0 -0.6 2.2
Unemployment 16.5 15.9 1.3 -0.6 -1.5 -3.6 -8.6
Participation rate 61.4 60.7 0.8 -0.7 -1.2 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.7 6.5 0.5 -0.2 -0.8 ... ...
Employment rate 57.2 56.8 0.7 -0.4 -0.7 ... ...
Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo, Ontario              
Population 561.4 563.4 ... 2.0 28.8 0.4 5.4
Labour force 393.3 400.6 2.1 7.3 33.5 1.9 9.1
Employment 362.9 370.1 2.1 7.2 27.1 2.0 7.9
Unemployment 30.4 30.5 1.1 0.1 6.4 0.3 26.6
Participation rate 70.1 71.1 0.4 1.0 2.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 7.7 7.6 0.3 -0.1 1.0 ... ...
Employment rate 64.6 65.7 0.4 1.1 1.5 ... ...
Brantford, Ontario              
Population 124.9 125.1 ... 0.2 2.2 0.2 1.8
Labour force 80.5 80.8 1.0 0.3 -0.8 0.4 -1.0
Employment 75.9 76.9 0.9 1.0 -1.1 1.3 -1.4
Unemployment 4.6 3.9 0.4 -0.7 0.4 -15.2 11.4
Participation rate 64.5 64.6 0.8 0.1 -1.8 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.7 4.8 0.5 -0.9 0.5 ... ...
Employment rate 60.8 61.5 0.8 0.7 -2.0 ... ...
Guelph, Ontario              
Population 152.4 152.7 ... 0.3 4.8 0.2 3.2
Labour force 101.5 102.4 1.3 0.9 -6.3 0.9 -5.8
Employment 95.4 95.3 1.3 -0.1 -7.5 -0.1 -7.3
Unemployment 6.1 7.1 0.6 1.0 1.2 16.4 20.3
Participation rate 66.6 67.1 0.9 0.5 -6.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.0 6.9 0.6 0.9 1.5 ... ...
Employment rate 62.6 62.4 0.9 -0.2 -7.1 ... ...
London, Ontario              
Population 518.7 520.3 ... 1.6 23.4 0.3 4.7
Labour force 334.9 337.2 2.3 2.3 5.3 0.7 1.6
Employment 313.1 313.5 2.4 0.4 -0.1 0.1 -0.0
Unemployment 21.8 23.7 1.0 1.9 5.4 8.7 29.5
Participation rate 64.6 64.8 0.5 0.2 -2.0 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.5 7.0 0.3 0.5 1.5 ... ...
Employment rate 60.4 60.3 0.5 -0.1 -2.8 ... ...
Windsor, Ontario              
Population 334.0 335.0 ... 1.0 14.4 0.3 4.5
Labour force 214.9 216.0 2.1 1.1 15.9 0.5 7.9
Employment 196.3 196.3 2.2 0.0 12.0 0.0 6.5
Unemployment 18.6 19.6 1.0 1.0 3.8 5.4 24.1
Participation rate 64.3 64.5 0.7 0.2 2.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 8.7 9.1 0.5 0.4 1.2 ... ...
Employment rate 58.8 58.6 0.7 -0.2 1.1 ... ...
Barrie, Ontario              
Population 195.6 196.1 ... 0.5 6.4 0.3 3.4
Labour force 133.2 133.5 1.8 0.3 3.0 0.2 2.3
Employment 125.5 125.8 1.9 0.3 4.1 0.2 3.4
Unemployment 7.7 7.8 0.9 0.1 -1.0 1.3 -11.4
Participation rate 68.1 68.1 0.9 0.0 -0.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.8 5.8 0.7 0.0 -0.9 ... ...
Employment rate 64.2 64.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 ... ...
Greater Sudbury, Ontario              
Population 151.4 151.6 ... 0.2 3.2 0.1 2.2
Labour force 90.4 89.9 1.1 -0.5 -3.6 -0.6 -3.9
Employment 85.4 85.0 1.1 -0.4 -2.5 -0.5 -2.9
Unemployment 5.0 4.9 0.4 -0.1 -1.1 -2.0 -18.3
Participation rate 59.7 59.3 0.7 -0.4 -3.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.5 5.5 0.4 0.0 -0.9 ... ...
Employment rate 56.4 56.1 0.8 -0.3 -2.9 ... ...
Thunder Bay, Ontario              
Population 110.8 111.0 ... 0.2 2.7 0.2 2.5
Labour force 68.5 68.7 0.6 0.2 3.0 0.3 4.6
Employment 65.0 65.0 0.7 0.0 2.1 0.0 3.3
Unemployment 3.6 3.7 0.2 0.1 0.9 2.8 32.1
Participation rate 61.8 61.9 0.6 0.1 1.2 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.3 5.4 0.3 0.1 1.1 ... ...
Employment rate 58.7 58.6 0.6 -0.1 0.5 ... ...
Winnipeg, Manitoba              
Population 776.8 778.7 ... 1.9 34.4 0.2 4.6
Labour force 526.7 527.6 1.8 0.9 26.0 0.2 5.2
Employment 495.4 495.2 1.9 -0.2 16.0 -0.0 3.3
Unemployment 31.3 32.5 1.0 1.2 10.1 3.8 45.1
Participation rate 67.8 67.8 0.2 0.0 0.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.9 6.2 0.2 0.3 1.7 ... ...
Employment rate 63.8 63.6 0.2 -0.2 -0.8 ... ...
Regina, Saskatchewan              
Population 242.2 242.9 ... 0.7 10.9 0.3 4.7
Labour force 161.9 164.4 1.2 2.5 3.6 1.5 2.2
Employment 152.6 153.5 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.3
Unemployment 9.3 10.9 0.5 1.6 3.2 17.2 41.6
Participation rate 66.8 67.7 0.5 0.9 -1.6 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.7 6.6 0.3 0.9 1.8 ... ...
Employment rate 63.0 63.2 0.5 0.2 -2.8 ... ...
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan              
Population 309.2 310.1 ... 0.9 13.7 0.3 4.6
Labour force 221.4 221.9 1.2 0.5 8.7 0.2 4.1
Employment 209.7 211.2 1.2 1.5 10.0 0.7 5.0
Unemployment 11.6 10.7 0.6 -0.9 -1.3 -7.8 -10.8
Participation rate 71.6 71.6 0.4 0.0 -0.3 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.2 4.8 0.3 -0.4 -0.8 ... ...
Employment rate 67.8 68.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 ... ...
Lethbridge, Alberta              
Population 119.3 119.7 ... 0.4 5.7 0.3 5.0
Labour force 77.8 76.8 1.3 -1.0 -3.1 -1.3 -3.9
Employment 73.4 72.6 1.3 -0.8 -3.6 -1.1 -4.7
Unemployment 4.4 4.2 0.5 -0.2 0.5 -4.5 13.5
Participation rate 65.2 64.2 1.1 -1.0 -5.9 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.7 5.5 0.7 -0.2 0.9 ... ...
Employment rate 61.5 60.7 1.2 -0.8 -6.1 ... ...
Calgary, Alberta              
Population 1,449.0 1,454.4 ... 5.4 74.1 0.4 5.4
Labour force 1,019.7 1,036.6 5.6 16.9 74.0 1.7 7.7
Employment 939.2 955.6 5.6 16.4 48.5 1.7 5.3
Unemployment 80.5 81.0 2.9 0.5 25.5 0.6 45.9
Participation rate 70.4 71.3 0.4 0.9 1.6 ... ...
Unemployment rate 7.9 7.8 0.3 -0.1 2.0 ... ...
Employment rate 64.8 65.7 0.4 0.9 0.0 ... ...
Edmonton, Alberta              
Population 1,383.7 1,389.2 ... 5.5 74.4 0.4 5.7
Labour force 949.9 952.5 5.2 2.6 38.8 0.3 4.2
Employment 871.3 881.9 5.3 10.6 29.6 1.2 3.5
Unemployment 78.6 70.5 2.7 -8.1 9.1 -10.3 14.8
Participation rate 68.6 68.6 0.4 0.0 -0.9 ... ...
Unemployment rate 8.3 7.4 0.3 -0.9 0.7 ... ...
Employment rate 63.0 63.5 0.4 0.5 -1.3 ... ...
Kelowna, British Columbia               
Population 201.3 201.7 ... 0.4 6.5 0.2 3.3
Labour force 117.8 121.1 2.3 3.3 7.9 2.8 7.0
Employment 112.2 115.0 2.3 2.8 7.7 2.5 7.2
Unemployment 5.5 6.1 0.8 0.6 0.2 10.9 3.4
Participation rate 58.5 60.0 1.2 1.5 2.0 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.7 5.0 0.6 0.3 -0.2 ... ...
Employment rate 55.7 57.0 1.2 1.3 2.0 ... ...
Abbotsford–Mission, British Columbia              
Population 185.5 185.9 ... 0.4 6.2 0.2 3.5
Labour force 124.0 124.0 1.2 0.0 9.5 0.0 8.3
Employment 116.9 116.9 1.2 0.0 7.2 0.0 6.6
Unemployment 7.1 7.1 0.5 0.0 2.3 0.0 47.9
Participation rate 66.8 66.7 0.6 -0.1 3.0 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.7 5.7 0.4 0.0 1.5 ... ...
Employment rate 63.0 62.9 0.7 -0.1 1.9 ... ...
Vancouver, British Columbia               
Population 2,577.5 2,583.8 ... 6.3 104.7 0.2 4.2
Labour force 1,708.9 1,712.5 6.1 3.6 -2.0 0.2 -0.1
Employment 1,599.1 1,603.8 6.2 4.7 -9.2 0.3 -0.6
Unemployment 109.7 108.7 3.1 -1.0 7.2 -0.9 7.1
Participation rate 66.3 66.3 0.2 0.0 -2.9 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.4 6.3 0.2 -0.1 0.4 ... ...
Employment rate 62.0 62.1 0.2 0.1 -3.0 ... ...
Victoria, British Columbia               
Population 378.7 379.5 ... 0.8 12.1 0.2 3.3
Labour force 249.4 250.7 2.2 1.3 6.2 0.5 2.5
Employment 240.2 241.7 2.2 1.5 7.3 0.6 3.1
Unemployment 9.2 9.0 0.8 -0.2 -1.2 -2.2 -11.8
Participation rate 65.9 66.1 0.6 0.2 -0.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 3.7 3.6 0.3 -0.1 -0.6 ... ...
Employment rate 63.4 63.7 0.6 0.3 -0.1 ... ...
...
not applicable
Note(s):
The sum of individual categories may not always add up to the total as a result of rounding.
Source(s):
Date modified: