Table 2 
Police-reported incidents of human trafficking, by statute and census metropolitan area1, 2013 to 2023 

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Police-reported incidents of human trafficking, by statute and census metropolitan area, 2013 to 2023
Criminal Code – Human trafficking incidents reported in 2023Immigration and Refugee Protection Act – Human trafficking incidents reported in 2023Total – Human trafficking incidents reported in 2023Total – Human trafficking incidents reported in 2023Criminal Code – Human trafficking incidents reported in 2013 to 2023Immigration and Refugee Protection Act – Human trafficking incidents reported in 2013 to 2023Total – Human trafficking incidents reported in 2013 to 2023Total – Human trafficking incidents reported in 2013 to 2023
  numbernumbernumber rate numbernumbernumber average annual rate2
Canada 439 131 570 1.4 3,286 1,257 4,543 1.1
Non-CMA total 77 11 88 0.9 444 209 653 0.6
CMA total3 362 120 482 1.6 2,842 1,048 3,890 1.3
St. John's 0 2 2 0.9 2 6 8 0.3
Halifax 32 12 44 8.5 177 110 287 5.8
Moncton4 2 0 2 1.1 .. .. .. ..
Saint John4 0 0 0 0.0 .. .. .. ..
Fredericton5 3 0 3 2.4 .. .. .. ..
Saguenay 0 0 0 0.0 1 0 1 0.1
Québec 2 1 3 0.3 54 4 58 0.6
Sherbrooke 0 0 0 0.0 3 0 3 0.1
Trois-Rivières 1 0 1 0.6 1 0 1 0.1
Drummondville5 2 0 2 1.8 .. .. .. ..
Montréal 18 1 19 0.4 252 12 264 0.6
Gatineau6 3 0 3 0.8 42 0 42 1.1
Ottawa7 34 0 34 2.7 380 8 388 3.3
Kingston 0 5 5 2.7 7 26 33 1.7
Belleville–Quinte West8 2 1 3 2.4 .. .. .. ..
Peterborough 0 0 0 0.0 40 14 54 3.8
Toronto 70 38 108 1.8 573 329 902 1.4
Hamilton 5 7 12 2.0 56 83 139 2.2
St. Catharines–Niagara 11 5 16 3.0 47 104 151 2.8
Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo 30 1 31 4.6 115 12 127 1.9
Brantford 3 .. 3 1.8 16 5 21 1.2
Guelph 2 1 3 1.9 16 11 27 1.7
London 21 3 24 3.9 171 31 202 3.3
Windsor 6 4 10 2.1 34 66 100 2.5
Barrie 9 4 13 4.6 59 31 90 3.2
Greater Sudbury 4 0 4 2.1 35 1 36 1.8
Thunder Bay 1 14 15 11.6 37 64 101 7.2
Winnipeg 0 0 0 0.0 25 2 27 0.3
Regina 1 5 6 2.2 5 18 23 0.8
Saskatoon 2 5 7 2.0 63 14 77 2.1
Lethbridge8 2 1 3 2.2 .. .. .. ..
Calgary 8 0 8 0.5 72 12 84 0.5
Red Deer5 1 0 1 0.9 .. .. .. ..
Edmonton 20 7 27 1.7 81 54 135 0.8
Kelowna 1 0 1 0.4 21 0 21 0.9
Kamloops5 2 0 2 1.6 .. .. .. ..
Chilliwack5 3 0 3 2.4 .. .. .. ..
Abbotsford–Mission 0 0 0 0.0 8 0 8 0.4
Vancouver 27 1 28 0.9 130 8 138 0.5
Victoria 4 0 4 0.9 19 0 19 0.4
Nanaimo5 0 0 0 0.0 .. .. .. ..
..
not available for a specific reference period
Note(s):
This table is based on aggregate data, and counts are based on the most serious violation in a criminal incident. Rates are calculated on the basis of 100,000 population. Populations are based upon July 1 estimates from Statistics Canada, Centre for Demography. The Uniform Crime Reporting Survey was amended in 2011 to allow police services to report the specific offence of human trafficking under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. Once the specific violation code was introduced, a small number of incidents that took place prior to this amendment were reported.
Source(s):
Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (3302).

Table note 1

A census metropolitan area (CMA) consists of one or more neighbouring municipalities situated around a major urban core. A CMA must have a total population of at least 100,000, of which 50,000 or more live in the urban core. To be included in the CMA, adjacent municipalities must have a high degree of integration with the central urban area, as measured by commuting flows derived from census data. A CMA typically comprises more than one police service. CMA populations have been adjusted to follow policing boundaries. The Oshawa CMA is excluded from this table due to the incongruity between the police service jurisdictional boundaries and the CMA boundaries. It is important to note that while official police-reported data on crime from the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey use Statistics Canada's standard CMA names, the boundaries for the policing-based CMAs do not always fully align with the standard CMA geographic units used for disseminating information about the Census of Population.

Table note 2

This rate is the average of the annual rates from 2013 to 2023.

Table note 3

Includes Halton Regional Police Service and Durham Regional Police Service. May include a small number of offences that occurred outside of a CMA, as a small part of the population policed by Durham Regional Police Service falls outside of the boundaries of a CMA.

Table note 4

Part way through 2013, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police revised policing boundaries for rural detachments in New Brunswick. This resulted in a change in the census metropolitan area (CMA) boundaries that are determined for the purpose of reporting crime statistics. As such, 2013 data for the New Brunswick CMAs of Saint John and Moncton are not comparable to previous or future years. Further, data from 2014 onward are not comparable to years prior to 2014.

Table note 5

Following the 2021 Census of Population, Fredericton, Drummondville, Red Deer, Kamloops, Chilliwack, and Nanaimo were reclassified as census metropolitan areas. As such, data for the 2013-2023 period are not available.

Table note 6

Gatineau refers to the Quebec part of the Ottawa–Gatineau census metropolitan area.

Table note 7

Ottawa refers to the Ontario part of the Ottawa–Gatineau census metropolitan area.

Table note 8

Following the 2016 Census of Population, Belleville–Quinte West (formerly known as Belleville) and Lethbridge were reclassified as census metropolitan areas. As such, data for the 2013-2023 period are not available.
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