Table 6
Employment by province and industry, seasonally adjusted
March 2024 |
April 2024 |
Standard error1 | March to April 2024 | April 2023 to April 2024 | March to April 2024 | April 2023 to April 2024 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
thousands | thousands | thousands | change in thousands | change in thousands | % change | % change | |
Newfoundland and Labrador | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 243.7 | 244.1 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 6.6 | 0.2 | 2.8 |
Goods-producing sector | 50.5 | 49.6 | 1.4 | -0.9 | -0.9 | -1.8 | -1.8 |
Agriculture | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | -0.3 | 0.0 | -23.1 |
Natural resources2 | 17.9 | 17.3 | 0.7 | -0.6 | 1.1 | -3.4 | 6.8 |
Utilities | 2.1 | 2.0 | 0.1 | -0.1 | -0.6 | -4.8 | -23.1 |
Construction | 20.4 | 20.5 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 3.5 |
Manufacturing | 9.2 | 8.8 | 0.7 | -0.4 | -1.8 | -4.3 | -17.0 |
Services-producing sector | 193.2 | 194.5 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 7.5 | 0.7 | 4.0 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 38.6 | 37.6 | 0.9 | -1.0 | 1.3 | -2.6 | 3.6 |
Transportation and warehousing | 12.4 | 12.4 | 0.7 | 0.0 | -0.2 | 0.0 | -1.6 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 8.0 | 7.7 | 0.4 | -0.3 | 0.4 | -3.8 | 5.5 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 12.4 | 11.9 | 0.5 | -0.5 | 1.2 | -4.0 | 11.2 |
Business, building and other support services | 6.6 | 6.4 | 0.6 | -0.2 | 1.3 | -3.0 | 25.5 |
Educational services | 19.3 | 20.1 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 4.1 | 13.6 |
Health care and social assistance | 45.1 | 47.1 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 4.4 | 3.7 |
Information, culture and recreation | 7.1 | 6.9 | 0.5 | -0.2 | -0.8 | -2.8 | -10.4 |
Accommodation and food services | 14.0 | 15.2 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 8.6 | 5.6 |
Other services (except public administration) | 8.3 | 8.0 | 0.5 | -0.3 | 0.2 | -3.6 | 2.6 |
Public administration | 21.3 | 21.3 | 0.6 | 0.0 | -0.6 | 0.0 | -2.7 |
Prince Edward Island | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 91.9 | 92.6 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 3.8 | 0.8 | 4.3 |
Goods-producing sector | 21.5 | 22.8 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 6.0 | 7.0 |
Agriculture | 3.9 | 4.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 2.6 | 8.1 |
Natural resources2 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 50.0 | 41.2 |
Utilities | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 33.3 |
Construction | 7.7 | 8.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 3.9 | 9.6 |
Manufacturing | 8.0 | 7.9 | 0.4 | -0.1 | -0.5 | -1.3 | -6.0 |
Services-producing sector | 70.4 | 69.8 | 0.8 | -0.6 | 2.3 | -0.9 | 3.4 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 9.8 | 10.9 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 11.2 | 5.8 |
Transportation and warehousing | 3.7 | 3.6 | 0.2 | -0.1 | 1.6 | -2.7 | 80.0 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 4.1 | 4.0 | 0.2 | -0.1 | 0.5 | -2.4 | 14.3 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 5.1 | 5.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 18.6 |
Business, building and other support services | 2.4 | 2.1 | 0.3 | -0.3 | -0.2 | -12.5 | -8.7 |
Educational services | 6.7 | 6.9 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 0.0 |
Health care and social assistance | 14.2 | 14.3 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
Information, culture and recreation | 3.6 | 3.2 | 0.3 | -0.4 | 0.2 | -11.1 | 6.7 |
Accommodation and food services | 6.5 | 5.9 | 0.4 | -0.6 | 0.0 | -9.2 | 0.0 |
Other services (except public administration) | 3.8 | 3.1 | 0.3 | -0.7 | -0.8 | -18.4 | -20.5 |
Public administration | 10.5 | 10.8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | -0.3 | 2.9 | -2.7 |
Nova Scotia | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 516.4 | 515.5 | 3.0 | -0.9 | 19.8 | -0.2 | 4.0 |
Goods-producing sector | 93.1 | 95.6 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 4.4 | 2.7 | 4.8 |
Agriculture | 4.3 | 3.9 | 0.5 | -0.4 | -1.6 | -9.3 | -29.1 |
Natural resources2 | 8.5 | 10.2 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 20.0 | 15.9 |
Utilities | 3.9 | 3.8 | 0.3 | -0.1 | 0.5 | -2.6 | 15.2 |
Construction | 39.5 | 40.2 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 5.5 |
Manufacturing | 36.8 | 37.5 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 5.3 |
Services-producing sector | 423.3 | 419.9 | 2.9 | -3.4 | 15.4 | -0.8 | 3.8 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 82.2 | 80.8 | 1.6 | -1.4 | 2.7 | -1.7 | 3.5 |
Transportation and warehousing | 21.7 | 21.7 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 1.4 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 31.3 | 30.8 | 0.8 | -0.5 | 1.0 | -1.6 | 3.4 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 36.6 | 36.9 | 1.2 | 0.3 | -1.2 | 0.8 | -3.1 |
Business, building and other support services | 17.3 | 15.9 | 0.9 | -1.4 | -1.6 | -8.1 | -9.1 |
Educational services | 42.2 | 42.3 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 4.0 | 0.2 | 10.4 |
Health care and social assistance | 80.3 | 80.2 | 1.4 | -0.1 | 1.0 | -0.1 | 1.3 |
Information, culture and recreation | 19.7 | 19.5 | 1.1 | -0.2 | 0.8 | -1.0 | 4.3 |
Accommodation and food services | 32.9 | 33.9 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 3.8 | 3.0 | 12.6 |
Other services (except public administration) | 22.5 | 22.2 | 1.0 | -0.3 | 3.1 | -1.3 | 16.2 |
Public administration | 36.5 | 35.8 | 0.9 | -0.7 | 1.7 | -1.9 | 5.0 |
New Brunswick | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 390.9 | 398.7 | 2.4 | 7.8 | 15.3 | 2.0 | 4.0 |
Goods-producing sector | 79.7 | 82.6 | 1.6 | 2.9 | 5.2 | 3.6 | 6.7 |
Agriculture | 4.9 | 5.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | -0.1 | 10.2 | -1.8 |
Natural resources2 | 7.3 | 8.2 | 0.7 | 0.9 | -0.9 | 12.3 | -9.9 |
Utilities | 5.3 | 5.3 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 17.8 |
Construction | 35.0 | 36.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 6.7 | 3.1 | 22.8 |
Manufacturing | 27.2 | 27.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 | -1.3 | 1.8 | -4.5 |
Services-producing sector | 311.2 | 316.1 | 2.3 | 4.9 | 10.0 | 1.6 | 3.3 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 56.4 | 57.3 | 1.2 | 0.9 | -0.8 | 1.6 | -1.4 |
Transportation and warehousing | 20.4 | 21.2 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 19.1 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 20.1 | 21.0 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 4.5 | 6.6 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 24.4 | 23.7 | 0.8 | -0.7 | -0.7 | -2.9 | -2.9 |
Business, building and other support services | 12.2 | 12.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 2.0 | 4.1 | 18.7 |
Educational services | 29.7 | 30.1 | 1.0 | 0.4 | -1.1 | 1.3 | -3.5 |
Health care and social assistance | 61.7 | 62.1 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 3.2 |
Information, culture and recreation | 13.5 | 12.8 | 0.7 | -0.7 | 2.7 | -5.2 | 26.7 |
Accommodation and food services | 21.1 | 21.5 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
Other services (except public administration) | 15.9 | 16.9 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 6.3 | 3.0 |
Public administration | 35.8 | 36.9 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 3.1 | 1.7 |
Quebec | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 4,515.2 | 4,534.4 | 16.7 | 19.2 | 28.9 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
Goods-producing sector | 923.8 | 922.3 | 10.0 | -1.5 | -22.3 | -0.2 | -2.4 |
Agriculture | 47.5 | 46.7 | 2.8 | -0.8 | -8.1 | -1.7 | -14.8 |
Natural resources2 | 39.6 | 38.2 | 2.1 | -1.4 | 0.6 | -3.5 | 1.6 |
Utilities | 33.7 | 32.1 | 1.3 | -1.6 | -0.2 | -4.7 | -0.6 |
Construction | 321.0 | 323.0 | 6.6 | 2.0 | 7.9 | 0.6 | 2.5 |
Manufacturing | 481.9 | 482.3 | 7.1 | 0.4 | -22.6 | 0.1 | -4.5 |
Services-producing sector | 3,591.4 | 3,612.1 | 16.4 | 20.7 | 51.3 | 0.6 | 1.4 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 658.5 | 667.0 | 8.9 | 8.5 | 4.6 | 1.3 | 0.7 |
Transportation and warehousing | 222.9 | 223.3 | 5.1 | 0.4 | 9.5 | 0.2 | 4.4 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 271.5 | 270.0 | 5.0 | -1.5 | -4.6 | -0.6 | -1.7 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 384.9 | 386.7 | 6.4 | 1.8 | 4.5 | 0.5 | 1.2 |
Business, building and other support services | 155.5 | 164.0 | 6.1 | 8.5 | -14.7 | 5.5 | -8.2 |
Educational services | 354.6 | 345.3 | 6.4 | -9.3 | 12.0 | -2.6 | 3.6 |
Health care and social assistance | 626.1 | 641.1 | 6.9 | 15.0 | 43.8 | 2.4 | 7.3 |
Information, culture and recreation | 194.4 | 192.9 | 6.2 | -1.5 | -23.2 | -0.8 | -10.7 |
Accommodation and food services | 242.4 | 249.2 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 13.7 | 2.8 | 5.8 |
Other services (except public administration) | 184.5 | 181.1 | 4.7 | -3.4 | -3.2 | -1.8 | -1.7 |
Public administration | 296.0 | 291.4 | 4.7 | -4.6 | 8.7 | -1.6 | 3.1 |
Ontario | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 7,970.5 | 7,995.5 | 20.8 | 25.0 | 90.8 | 0.3 | 1.1 |
Goods-producing sector | 1,579.8 | 1,561.5 | 12.5 | -18.3 | -12.2 | -1.2 | -0.8 |
Agriculture | 71.9 | 69.7 | 3.5 | -2.2 | -5.9 | -3.1 | -7.8 |
Natural resources2 | 38.1 | 38.0 | 2.1 | -0.1 | -3.9 | -0.3 | -9.3 |
Utilities | 59.4 | 57.0 | 2.6 | -2.4 | -2.8 | -4.0 | -4.7 |
Construction | 595.8 | 576.2 | 8.5 | -19.6 | -23.6 | -3.3 | -3.9 |
Manufacturing | 814.7 | 820.5 | 9.1 | 5.8 | 23.9 | 0.7 | 3.0 |
Services-producing sector | 6,390.7 | 6,434.0 | 21.1 | 43.3 | 103.1 | 0.7 | 1.6 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 1,091.1 | 1,102.2 | 11.3 | 11.1 | -36.1 | 1.0 | -3.2 |
Transportation and warehousing | 421.5 | 425.1 | 6.6 | 3.6 | 20.7 | 0.9 | 5.1 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 679.2 | 681.2 | 8.0 | 2.0 | -8.1 | 0.3 | -1.2 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 865.9 | 881.1 | 9.5 | 15.2 | 68.2 | 1.8 | 8.4 |
Business, building and other support services | 275.5 | 281.2 | 7.1 | 5.7 | -13.5 | 2.1 | -4.6 |
Educational services | 590.9 | 588.5 | 8.3 | -2.4 | 23.7 | -0.4 | 4.2 |
Health care and social assistance | 984.6 | 989.0 | 8.9 | 4.4 | 18.8 | 0.4 | 1.9 |
Information, culture and recreation | 329.7 | 314.6 | 8.2 | -15.1 | -14.6 | -4.6 | -4.4 |
Accommodation and food services | 409.6 | 416.3 | 8.4 | 6.7 | 4.8 | 1.6 | 1.2 |
Other services (except public administration) | 280.6 | 289.8 | 6.3 | 9.2 | 32.5 | 3.3 | 12.6 |
Public administration | 461.9 | 465.0 | 5.7 | 3.1 | 6.8 | 0.7 | 1.5 |
Manitoba | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 700.4 | 703.3 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 15.0 | 0.4 | 2.2 |
Goods-producing sector | 150.8 | 152.9 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 1.4 | 2.0 |
Agriculture | 12.4 | 13.0 | 0.8 | 0.6 | -1.5 | 4.8 | -10.3 |
Natural resources2 | 4.7 | 6.0 | 0.6 | 1.3 | -0.5 | 27.7 | -7.7 |
Utilities | 6.1 | 6.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 4.9 | 0.0 |
Construction | 57.3 | 56.2 | 1.4 | -1.1 | 0.1 | -1.9 | 0.2 |
Manufacturing | 70.4 | 71.3 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 4.9 | 1.3 | 7.4 |
Services-producing sector | 549.6 | 550.4 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 12.1 | 0.1 | 2.2 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 98.2 | 98.6 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 1.5 |
Transportation and warehousing | 48.9 | 46.7 | 1.3 | -2.2 | 6.1 | -4.5 | 15.0 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 45.2 | 46.5 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 5.1 | 2.9 | 12.3 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 35.2 | 34.9 | 1.1 | -0.3 | -1.5 | -0.9 | -4.1 |
Business, building and other support services | 16.8 | 15.9 | 1.0 | -0.9 | -6.0 | -5.4 | -27.4 |
Educational services | 62.0 | 61.7 | 1.5 | -0.3 | -2.8 | -0.5 | -4.3 |
Health care and social assistance | 112.3 | 112.4 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 8.4 | 0.1 | 8.1 |
Information, culture and recreation | 25.4 | 27.3 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 4.5 | 7.5 | 19.7 |
Accommodation and food services | 31.8 | 33.0 | 1.3 | 1.2 | -3.4 | 3.8 | -9.3 |
Other services (except public administration) | 28.1 | 27.5 | 1.0 | -0.6 | -0.9 | -2.1 | -3.2 |
Public administration | 45.7 | 45.9 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 2.7 |
Saskatchewan | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 597.1 | 598.2 | 3.0 | 1.1 | 11.0 | 0.2 | 1.9 |
Goods-producing sector | 123.5 | 123.3 | 1.9 | -0.2 | -5.1 | -0.2 | -4.0 |
Agriculture | 23.1 | 22.0 | 1.0 | -1.1 | -2.9 | -4.8 | -11.6 |
Natural resources2 | 21.1 | 22.1 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 4.7 | 2.3 |
Utilities | 6.6 | 5.5 | 0.4 | -1.1 | -2.2 | -16.7 | -28.6 |
Construction | 39.8 | 41.2 | 1.2 | 1.4 | -2.2 | 3.5 | -5.1 |
Manufacturing | 32.9 | 32.6 | 0.9 | -0.3 | 1.9 | -0.9 | 6.2 |
Services-producing sector | 473.6 | 474.9 | 3.0 | 1.3 | 16.1 | 0.3 | 3.5 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 100.1 | 99.7 | 1.7 | -0.4 | -0.7 | -0.4 | -0.7 |
Transportation and warehousing | 29.8 | 29.9 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 3.9 | 0.3 | 15.0 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 28.4 | 28.8 | 0.9 | 0.4 | -1.0 | 1.4 | -3.4 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 37.9 | 37.1 | 0.9 | -0.8 | 4.2 | -2.1 | 12.8 |
Business, building and other support services | 16.6 | 16.1 | 0.9 | -0.5 | 3.5 | -3.0 | 27.8 |
Educational services | 53.1 | 54.5 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 5.8 | 2.6 | 11.9 |
Health care and social assistance | 92.2 | 91.5 | 1.5 | -0.7 | -1.3 | -0.8 | -1.4 |
Information, culture and recreation | 22.0 | 22.3 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.8 | 1.4 | 14.4 |
Accommodation and food services | 31.9 | 33.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 4.4 | 8.1 |
Other services (except public administration) | 26.4 | 25.8 | 1.1 | -0.6 | -0.7 | -2.3 | -2.6 |
Public administration | 35.3 | 35.9 | 0.9 | 0.6 | -2.8 | 1.7 | -7.2 |
Alberta | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 2,526.9 | 2,537.5 | 11.8 | 10.6 | 92.1 | 0.4 | 3.8 |
Goods-producing sector | 612.4 | 618.2 | 8.0 | 5.8 | 35.9 | 0.9 | 6.2 |
Agriculture | 39.9 | 37.8 | 2.9 | -2.1 | -8.2 | -5.3 | -17.8 |
Natural resources2 | 146.4 | 152.8 | 4.1 | 6.4 | 20.2 | 4.4 | 15.2 |
Utilities | 24.8 | 24.9 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 4.6 | 0.4 | 22.7 |
Construction | 253.3 | 253.4 | 5.6 | 0.1 | 13.8 | 0.0 | 5.8 |
Manufacturing | 148.0 | 149.3 | 4.0 | 1.3 | 5.4 | 0.9 | 3.8 |
Services-producing sector | 1,914.5 | 1,919.4 | 11.8 | 4.9 | 56.3 | 0.3 | 3.0 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 357.1 | 352.5 | 6.7 | -4.6 | -5.0 | -1.3 | -1.4 |
Transportation and warehousing | 152.2 | 152.5 | 4.4 | 0.3 | -0.1 | 0.2 | -0.1 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 132.1 | 132.4 | 3.5 | 0.3 | 3.1 | 0.2 | 2.4 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 234.4 | 239.1 | 5.1 | 4.7 | -12.8 | 2.0 | -5.1 |
Business, building and other support services | 84.5 | 84.7 | 3.8 | 0.2 | 13.7 | 0.2 | 19.3 |
Educational services | 162.8 | 163.2 | 4.5 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 1.0 |
Health care and social assistance | 335.5 | 331.6 | 5.3 | -3.9 | 12.3 | -1.2 | 3.9 |
Information, culture and recreation | 85.6 | 88.1 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 6.6 | 2.9 | 8.1 |
Accommodation and food services | 139.4 | 139.8 | 4.2 | 0.4 | 9.5 | 0.3 | 7.3 |
Other services (except public administration) | 107.0 | 111.4 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 15.4 | 4.1 | 16.0 |
Public administration | 123.9 | 124.2 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 12.1 | 0.2 | 10.8 |
British Columbia | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 2,847.8 | 2,871.2 | 11.1 | 23.4 | 93.0 | 0.8 | 3.3 |
Goods-producing sector | 493.2 | 489.1 | 6.6 | -4.1 | -17.6 | -0.8 | -3.5 |
Agriculture | 17.6 | 17.6 | 2.2 | 0.0 | -8.5 | 0.0 | -32.6 |
Natural resources2 | 52.9 | 50.6 | 2.1 | -2.3 | 4.5 | -4.3 | 9.8 |
Utilities | 17.2 | 17.1 | 1.1 | -0.1 | 1.1 | -0.6 | 6.9 |
Construction | 231.1 | 234.9 | 4.9 | 3.8 | -11.5 | 1.6 | -4.7 |
Manufacturing | 174.4 | 168.8 | 3.9 | -5.6 | -3.2 | -3.2 | -1.9 |
Services-producing sector | 2,354.5 | 2,382.2 | 11.0 | 27.7 | 110.7 | 1.2 | 4.9 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 431.5 | 423.0 | 6.3 | -8.5 | -18.2 | -2.0 | -4.1 |
Transportation and warehousing | 148.1 | 152.1 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 14.4 | 2.7 | 10.5 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 185.8 | 182.8 | 3.3 | -3.0 | 13.1 | -1.6 | 7.7 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 284.0 | 289.9 | 5.2 | 5.9 | 25.2 | 2.1 | 9.5 |
Business, building and other support services | 91.5 | 89.3 | 3.9 | -2.2 | -2.1 | -2.4 | -2.3 |
Educational services | 216.7 | 221.1 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 0.7 |
Health care and social assistance | 409.6 | 409.6 | 4.9 | 0.0 | 51.9 | 0.0 | 14.5 |
Information, culture and recreation | 141.3 | 164.7 | 4.7 | 23.4 | 25.5 | 16.6 | 18.3 |
Accommodation and food services | 174.5 | 180.2 | 5.0 | 5.7 | -18.8 | 3.3 | -9.4 |
Other services (except public administration) | 120.4 | 118.4 | 3.6 | -2.0 | 10.4 | -1.7 | 9.6 |
Public administration | 151.2 | 151.1 | 2.9 | -0.1 | 7.8 | -0.1 | 5.4 |
Note(s):
The sum of individual categories may not always add up to the total as a result of rounding.
Source(s):
Table 14-10-0355-02.
Table note 1
Average standard error of change between two consecutive months. See the "Data Quality" section of the Guide to the Labour Force Survey (Catalogue number71-543-G) for more information.
Table note 2
Also referred to as "Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction."
- Date modified: