Table 7 
Labour force characteristics by census metropolitan area, three-month moving average, seasonally adjusted 

Labour force characteristics by census metropolitan area, three-month moving average, seasonally adjusted
  May
2023
June
2023
Standard error1 May to June 2023 June 2022 to June 2023 May to June 2023 June 2022 to June 2023
  thousands (except rates)thousands (except rates)thousands (except rates) change in thousands (except rates)change in thousands (except rates) % change% change
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador              
Population 188.7 189.3 ... 0.6 5.2 0.3 2.8
Labour force 123.0 123.6 0.8 0.6 -2.5 0.5 -2.0
Employment 117.0 117.5 0.9 0.5 -0.3 0.4 -0.3
Unemployment 6.1 6.2 0.4 0.1 -2.1 1.6 -25.3
Participation rate 65.2 65.3 0.4 0.1 -3.2 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.0 5.0 0.3 0.0 -1.6 ... ...
Employment rate 62.0 62.1 0.5 0.1 -1.9 ... ...
Halifax, Nova Scotia              
Population 405.8 407.4 ... 1.6 16.1 0.4 4.1
Labour force 276.1 277.3 1.5 1.2 13.0 0.4 4.9
Employment 262.8 261.6 1.6 -1.2 8.8 -0.5 3.5
Unemployment 13.4 15.7 0.8 2.3 4.2 17.2 36.5
Participation rate 68.0 68.1 0.4 0.1 0.6 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.9 5.7 0.3 0.8 1.3 ... ...
Employment rate 64.8 64.2 0.4 -0.6 -0.4 ... ...
Moncton, New Brunswick              
Population 143.0 143.6 ... 0.6 6.0 0.4 4.4
Labour force 96.5 95.7 0.8 -0.8 5.1 -0.8 5.6
Employment 91.2 90.5 0.8 -0.7 3.4 -0.8 3.9
Unemployment 5.3 5.2 0.4 -0.1 1.7 -1.9 48.6
Participation rate 67.5 66.6 0.6 -0.9 0.8 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.5 5.4 0.4 -0.1 1.5 ... ...
Employment rate 63.8 63.0 0.6 -0.8 -0.3 ... ...
Saint John, New Brunswick               
Population 115.2 115.4 ... 0.2 3.1 0.2 2.8
Labour force 69.9 70.2 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4
Employment 66.3 66.0 0.9 -0.3 1.3 -0.5 2.0
Unemployment 3.6 4.2 0.4 0.6 -0.9 16.7 -17.6
Participation rate 60.7 60.8 0.8 0.1 -1.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.2 6.0 0.5 0.8 -1.3 ... ...
Employment rate 57.6 57.2 0.8 -0.4 -0.4 ... ...
Saguenay, Quebec              
Population 135.9 136.0 ... 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.4
Labour force 81.6 81.7 1.1 0.1 -1.3 0.1 -1.6
Employment 78.8 78.9 1.1 0.1 -1.6 0.1 -2.0
Unemployment 2.8 2.8 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 12.0
Participation rate 60.0 60.1 0.8 0.1 -1.2 ... ...
Unemployment rate 3.4 3.4 0.4 0.0 0.4 ... ...
Employment rate 58.0 58.0 0.8 0.0 -1.5 ... ...
Québec, Quebec              
Population 698.8 699.4 ... 0.6 7.6 0.1 1.1
Labour force 463.6 462.5 3.3 -1.1 3.8 -0.2 0.8
Employment 451.6 448.0 3.3 -3.6 3.5 -0.8 0.8
Unemployment 12.0 14.5 1.0 2.5 0.2 20.8 1.4
Participation rate 66.3 66.1 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 ... ...
Unemployment rate 2.6 3.1 0.2 0.5 0.0 ... ...
Employment rate 64.6 64.1 0.5 -0.5 -0.2 ... ...
Sherbrooke, Quebec              
Population 193.5 193.8 ... 0.3 3.4 0.2 1.8
Labour force 114.6 114.3 1.2 -0.3 2.1 -0.3 1.9
Employment 109.3 109.7 1.2 0.4 1.3 0.4 1.2
Unemployment 5.3 4.6 0.4 -0.7 0.7 -13.2 17.9
Participation rate 59.2 59.0 0.6 -0.2 0.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.6 4.0 0.3 -0.6 0.5 ... ...
Employment rate 56.5 56.6 0.6 0.1 -0.3 ... ...
Trois-Rivières, Quebec               
Population 138.8 138.9 ... 0.1 1.3 0.1 0.9
Labour force 79.9 80.0 0.9 0.1 -0.3 0.1 -0.4
Employment 76.8 77.0 1.0 0.2 -0.8 0.3 -1.0
Unemployment 3.1 3.0 0.3 -0.1 0.5 -3.2 20.0
Participation rate 57.6 57.6 0.7 0.0 -0.8 ... ...
Unemployment rate 3.9 3.8 0.4 -0.1 0.7 ... ...
Employment rate 55.3 55.4 0.7 0.1 -1.1 ... ...
Montréal, Quebec              
Population 3,723.3 3,730.1 ... 6.8 61.9 0.2 1.7
Labour force 2,541.6 2,548.8 8.6 7.2 97.3 0.3 4.0
Employment 2,428.8 2,436.0 8.8 7.2 103.4 0.3 4.4
Unemployment 112.8 112.8 4.6 0.0 -6.0 0.0 -5.1
Participation rate 68.3 68.3 0.2 0.0 1.5 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.4 4.4 0.2 0.0 -0.4 ... ...
Employment rate 65.2 65.3 0.2 0.1 1.7 ... ...
Ottawa–Gatineau, Ontario/Quebec               
Population 1,261.1 1,264.4 ... 3.3 30.3 0.3 2.5
Labour force 855.7 865.7 4.6 10.0 30.8 1.2 3.7
Employment 819.6 828.2 4.7 8.6 25.8 1.0 3.2
Unemployment 36.1 37.5 1.6 1.4 5.0 3.9 15.4
Participation rate 67.9 68.5 0.4 0.6 0.8 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.2 4.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 ... ...
Employment rate 65.0 65.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 ... ...
Ottawa–Gatineau, Quebec part, Ontario/Quebec              
Population 293.7 294.0 ... 0.3 4.3 0.1 1.5
Labour force 196.1 195.7 1.4 -0.4 -2.3 -0.2 -1.2
Employment 188.5 187.5 1.5 -1.0 -4.0 -0.5 -2.1
Unemployment 7.6 8.2 0.5 0.6 1.8 7.9 28.1
Participation rate 66.8 66.6 0.5 -0.2 -1.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 3.9 4.2 0.3 0.3 1.0 ... ...
Employment rate 64.2 63.8 0.5 -0.4 -2.3 ... ...
Ottawa–Gatineau, Ontario part, Ontario/Quebec              
Population 967.4 970.3 ... 2.9 25.9 0.3 2.7
Labour force 659.6 670.0 4.4 10.4 33.1 1.6 5.2
Employment 631.1 640.7 4.5 9.6 29.8 1.5 4.9
Unemployment 28.5 29.3 1.6 0.8 3.3 2.8 12.7
Participation rate 68.2 69.1 0.5 0.9 1.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.3 4.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 ... ...
Employment rate 65.2 66.0 0.5 0.8 1.3 ... ...
Kingston, Ontario              
Population 152.0 152.6 ... 0.6 4.8 0.4 3.2
Labour force 98.1 97.8 0.9 -0.3 5.2 -0.3 5.6
Employment 93.8 94.0 0.9 0.2 6.5 0.2 7.4
Unemployment 4.2 3.8 0.4 -0.4 -1.3 -9.5 -25.5
Participation rate 64.5 64.1 0.6 -0.4 1.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.3 3.9 0.4 -0.4 -1.6 ... ...
Employment rate 61.7 61.6 0.6 -0.1 2.4 ... ...
Belleville, Ontario              
Population 107.4 110.0 ... 2.6 13.9 2.4 14.5
Labour force 67.5 70.6 3.0 3.1 9.8 4.6 16.1
Employment 63.9 65.9 2.9 2.0 6.2 3.1 10.4
Unemployment 3.6 4.7 0.6 1.1 3.6 30.6 327.3
Participation rate 62.8 64.2 2.4 1.4 0.9 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.3 6.7 1.1 1.4 4.9 ... ...
Employment rate 59.5 59.9 2.4 0.4 -2.2 ... ...
Peterborough, Ontario              
Population 116.1 116.4 ... 0.3 2.0 0.3 1.7
Labour force 68.8 69.1 1.7 0.3 -3.2 0.4 -4.4
Employment 63.9 64.0 1.7 0.1 -3.7 0.2 -5.5
Unemployment 4.9 5.1 0.6 0.2 0.5 4.1 10.9
Participation rate 59.3 59.4 1.5 0.1 -3.8 ... ...
Unemployment rate 7.1 7.4 0.8 0.3 1.0 ... ...
Employment rate 55.0 55.0 1.5 0.0 -4.2 ... ...
Oshawa, Ontario              
Population 356.4 357.1 ... 0.7 6.2 0.2 1.8
Labour force 232.1 233.2 2.1 1.1 -7.6 0.5 -3.2
Employment 220.2 221.0 2.3 0.8 -7.9 0.4 -3.5
Unemployment 11.9 12.2 1.0 0.3 0.3 2.5 2.5
Participation rate 65.1 65.3 0.6 0.2 -3.3 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.1 5.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 ... ...
Employment rate 61.8 61.9 0.6 0.1 -3.3 ... ...
Toronto, Ontario              
Population 5,774.4 5,793.0 ... 18.6 144.1 0.3 2.6
Labour force 3,906.9 3,934.4 11.2 27.5 115.2 0.7 3.0
Employment 3,675.8 3,694.5 11.3 18.7 106.9 0.5 3.0
Unemployment 231.1 239.9 6.3 8.8 8.3 3.8 3.6
Participation rate 67.7 67.9 0.2 0.2 0.3 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.9 6.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 ... ...
Employment rate 63.7 63.8 0.2 0.1 0.3 ... ...
Hamilton, Ontario              
Population 680.2 681.4 ... 1.2 8.7 0.2 1.3
Labour force 432.3 435.0 3.0 2.7 -6.8 0.6 -1.5
Employment 410.8 413.3 3.1 2.5 -7.4 0.6 -1.8
Unemployment 21.5 21.7 1.3 0.2 0.7 0.9 3.3
Participation rate 63.6 63.8 0.4 0.2 -1.9 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.0 5.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 ... ...
Employment rate 60.4 60.7 0.5 0.3 -1.8 ... ...
St. Catharines–Niagara, Ontario               
Population 380.7 381.5 ... 0.8 5.5 0.2 1.5
Labour force 233.0 232.3 2.8 -0.7 -8.1 -0.3 -3.4
Employment 222.3 219.0 2.8 -3.3 -10.2 -1.5 -4.5
Unemployment 10.6 13.3 1.1 2.7 2.1 25.5 18.8
Participation rate 61.2 60.9 0.7 -0.3 -3.0 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.5 5.7 0.5 1.2 1.0 ... ...
Employment rate 58.4 57.4 0.7 -1.0 -3.6 ... ...
Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo, Ontario              
Population 520.6 522.4 ... 1.8 14.1 0.3 2.8
Labour force 364.0 368.1 2.2 4.1 16.3 1.1 4.6
Employment 340.9 345.2 2.3 4.3 13.2 1.3 4.0
Unemployment 23.1 22.9 1.1 -0.2 3.1 -0.9 15.7
Participation rate 69.9 70.5 0.4 0.6 1.3 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.3 6.2 0.3 -0.1 0.6 ... ...
Employment rate 65.5 66.1 0.5 0.6 0.8 ... ...
Brantford, Ontario              
Population 121.8 121.9 ... 0.1 1.4 0.1 1.2
Labour force 82.7 82.1 0.8 -0.6 2.4 -0.7 3.0
Employment 79.3 78.9 0.9 -0.4 2.5 -0.5 3.3
Unemployment 3.4 3.2 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 -5.9 -3.0
Participation rate 67.9 67.4 0.7 -0.5 1.3 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.1 3.9 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 ... ...
Employment rate 65.1 64.7 0.7 -0.4 1.3 ... ...
Guelph, Ontario              
Population 145.4 145.7 ... 0.3 2.9 0.2 2.0
Labour force 106.0 106.0 1.2 0.0 4.5 0.0 4.4
Employment 101.9 101.5 1.2 -0.4 3.9 -0.4 4.0
Unemployment 4.1 4.5 0.6 0.4 0.6 9.8 15.4
Participation rate 72.9 72.8 0.8 -0.1 1.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 3.9 4.2 0.6 0.3 0.4 ... ...
Employment rate 70.1 69.7 0.9 -0.4 1.4 ... ...
London, Ontario              
Population 485.5 487.0 ... 1.5 11.7 0.3 2.5
Labour force 313.4 317.6 2.3 4.2 4.2 1.3 1.3
Employment 299.6 303.1 2.4 3.5 8.6 1.2 2.9
Unemployment 13.8 14.4 1.0 0.6 -4.6 4.3 -24.2
Participation rate 64.6 65.2 0.5 0.6 -0.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.4 4.5 0.3 0.1 -1.6 ... ...
Employment rate 61.7 62.2 0.5 0.5 0.2 ... ...
Windsor, Ontario              
Population 313.7 314.5 ... 0.8 6.1 0.3 2.0
Labour force 205.0 203.8 2.3 -1.2 16.9 -0.6 9.0
Employment 191.7 192.0 2.3 0.3 16.9 0.2 9.7
Unemployment 13.3 11.8 1.1 -1.5 0.0 -11.3 0.0
Participation rate 65.3 64.8 0.7 -0.5 4.2 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.5 5.8 0.6 -0.7 -0.5 ... ...
Employment rate 61.1 61.0 0.8 -0.1 4.2 ... ...
Barrie, Ontario              
Population 186.6 187.0 ... 0.4 3.3 0.2 1.8
Labour force 140.8 140.1 2.0 -0.7 9.2 -0.5 7.0
Employment 134.3 133.9 2.0 -0.4 9.8 -0.3 7.9
Unemployment 6.5 6.1 0.9 -0.4 -0.7 -6.2 -10.3
Participation rate 75.5 74.9 1.1 -0.6 3.6 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.6 4.4 0.7 -0.2 -0.8 ... ...
Employment rate 72.0 71.6 1.1 -0.4 4.0 ... ...
Greater Sudbury, Ontario              
Population 146.9 147.1 ... 0.2 1.1 0.1 0.8
Labour force 91.8 90.5 1.1 -1.3 0.7 -1.4 0.8
Employment 88.1 86.6 1.0 -1.5 0.5 -1.7 0.6
Unemployment 3.7 3.9 0.4 0.2 0.2 5.4 5.4
Participation rate 62.5 61.5 0.7 -1.0 0.0 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.0 4.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 ... ...
Employment rate 60.0 58.9 0.7 -1.1 -0.1 ... ...
Thunder Bay, Ontario              
Population 107.1 107.3 ... 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.7
Labour force 67.9 67.0 0.6 -0.9 1.9 -1.3 2.9
Employment 65.3 64.4 0.6 -0.9 2.1 -1.4 3.4
Unemployment 2.6 2.6 0.3 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -7.1
Participation rate 63.4 62.4 0.6 -1.0 1.3 ... ...
Unemployment rate 3.8 3.9 0.4 0.1 -0.4 ... ...
Employment rate 61.0 60.0 0.6 -1.0 1.6 ... ...
Winnipeg, Manitoba              
Population 727.7 729.9 ... 2.2 17.6 0.3 2.5
Labour force 495.9 494.6 1.7 -1.3 10.2 -0.3 2.1
Employment 471.7 470.2 1.7 -1.5 8.3 -0.3 1.8
Unemployment 24.1 24.4 0.9 0.3 1.9 1.2 8.4
Participation rate 68.1 67.8 0.2 -0.3 -0.2 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.9 4.9 0.2 0.0 0.3 ... ...
Employment rate 64.8 64.4 0.2 -0.4 -0.4 ... ...
Regina, Saskatchewan              
Population 226.2 227.0 ... 0.8 7.8 0.4 3.6
Labour force 151.0 153.1 1.1 2.1 2.4 1.4 1.6
Employment 144.1 146.4 1.2 2.3 2.8 1.6 1.9
Unemployment 6.9 6.7 0.5 -0.2 -0.4 -2.9 -5.6
Participation rate 66.8 67.4 0.5 0.6 -1.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.6 4.4 0.3 -0.2 -0.3 ... ...
Employment rate 63.7 64.5 0.6 0.8 -1.0 ... ...
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan              
Population 288.9 290.0 ... 1.1 10.9 0.4 3.9
Labour force 203.9 205.8 1.2 1.9 2.6 0.9 1.3
Employment 194.1 196.2 1.2 2.1 2.0 1.1 1.0
Unemployment 9.7 9.7 0.6 0.0 0.7 0.0 7.8
Participation rate 70.6 71.0 0.4 0.4 -1.8 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.8 4.7 0.3 -0.1 0.3 ... ...
Employment rate 67.2 67.7 0.4 0.5 -1.9 ... ...
Lethbridge, Alberta              
Population 110.8 111.3 ... 0.5 4.1 0.5 3.8
Labour force 69.7 68.2 1.1 -1.5 -3.3 -2.2 -4.6
Employment 66.0 64.6 1.1 -1.4 -3.2 -2.1 -4.7
Unemployment 3.7 3.6 0.5 -0.1 0.0 -2.7 0.0
Participation rate 62.9 61.3 1.0 -1.6 -5.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.3 5.3 0.6 0.0 0.3 ... ...
Employment rate 59.6 58.0 1.0 -1.6 -5.2 ... ...
Calgary, Alberta              
Population 1,338.6 1,344.7 ... 6.1 52.8 0.5 4.1
Labour force 961.9 973.0 5.1 11.1 36.3 1.2 3.9
Employment 901.1 911.9 5.3 10.8 29.9 1.2 3.4
Unemployment 60.9 61.1 2.9 0.2 6.4 0.3 11.7
Participation rate 71.9 72.4 0.4 0.5 -0.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.3 6.3 0.3 0.0 0.5 ... ...
Employment rate 67.3 67.8 0.4 0.5 -0.5 ... ...
Edmonton, Alberta              
Population 1,273.3 1,279.2 ... 5.9 51.8 0.5 4.2
Labour force 904.4 905.4 4.7 1.0 42.2 0.1 4.9
Employment 850.5 850.5 4.8 0.0 38.8 0.0 4.8
Unemployment 54.0 54.9 2.4 0.9 3.4 1.7 6.6
Participation rate 71.0 70.8 0.4 -0.2 0.5 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.0 6.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 ... ...
Employment rate 66.8 66.5 0.4 -0.3 0.4 ... ...
Kelowna, British Columbia               
Population 191.8 192.4 ... 0.6 4.1 0.3 2.2
Labour force 127.2 125.5 2.0 -1.7 7.1 -1.3 6.0
Employment 123.3 121.8 2.1 -1.5 8.5 -1.2 7.5
Unemployment 3.9 3.7 0.7 -0.2 -1.5 -5.1 -28.8
Participation rate 66.3 65.2 1.1 -1.1 2.3 ... ...
Unemployment rate 3.1 2.9 0.6 -0.2 -1.5 ... ...
Employment rate 64.3 63.3 1.1 -1.0 3.1 ... ...
Abbotsford–Mission, British Columbia              
Population 176.6 177.1 ... 0.5 3.1 0.3 1.8
Labour force 111.6 112.6 1.2 1.0 -2.3 0.9 -2.0
Employment 106.1 106.8 1.2 0.7 -3.3 0.7 -3.0
Unemployment 5.5 5.8 0.5 0.3 1.0 5.5 20.8
Participation rate 63.2 63.6 0.7 0.4 -2.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.9 5.2 0.4 0.3 1.0 ... ...
Employment rate 60.1 60.3 0.7 0.2 -3.0 ... ...
Vancouver, British Columbia               
Population 2,427.7 2,435.4 ... 7.7 47.0 0.3 2.0
Labour force 1,651.9 1,658.5 5.8 6.6 37.4 0.4 2.3
Employment 1,568.2 1,569.6 5.9 1.4 25.2 0.1 1.6
Unemployment 83.7 89.0 3.0 5.3 12.2 6.3 15.9
Participation rate 68.0 68.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.1 5.4 0.2 0.3 0.7 ... ...
Employment rate 64.6 64.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.3 ... ...
Victoria, British Columbia               
Population 361.0 362.0 ... 1.0 7.7 0.3 2.2
Labour force 219.9 220.9 2.0 1.0 -2.8 0.5 -1.3
Employment 212.3 213.4 2.1 1.1 -2.1 0.5 -1.0
Unemployment 7.6 7.5 0.7 -0.1 -0.7 -1.3 -8.5
Participation rate 60.9 61.0 0.6 0.1 -2.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 3.5 3.4 0.3 -0.1 -0.3 ... ...
Employment rate 58.8 59.0 0.6 0.2 -1.8 ... ...
...
not applicable
Note(s):
The sum of individual categories may not always add up to the total as a result of rounding.
Source(s):
Date modified: