Table 7 
Labour force characteristics by census metropolitan area, three-month moving average, seasonally adjusted 

Labour force characteristics by census metropolitan area, three-month moving average, seasonally adjusted
  February
2023
March
2023
Standard error1 February to March 2023 March 2022 to March 2023 February to March 2023 March 2022 to March 2023
  thousands (except rates)thousands (except rates)thousands (except rates) change in thousands (except rates)change in thousands (except rates) % change% change
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador              
Population 187.1 187.6 ... 0.5 4.3 0.3 2.3
Labour force 122.5 121.9 0.8 -0.6 -0.1 -0.5 -0.1
Employment 115.0 115.2 0.9 0.2 2.4 0.2 2.1
Unemployment 7.6 6.8 0.4 -0.8 -2.5 -10.5 -26.9
Participation rate 65.5 65.0 0.4 -0.5 -1.6 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.2 5.6 0.3 -0.6 -2.0 ... ...
Employment rate 61.5 61.4 0.5 -0.1 -0.1 ... ...
Halifax, Nova Scotia              
Population 401.5 402.9 ... 1.4 15.1 0.3 3.9
Labour force 274.9 275.6 1.5 0.7 15.6 0.3 6.0
Employment 262.0 263.2 1.6 1.2 17.2 0.5 7.0
Unemployment 12.9 12.4 0.8 -0.5 -1.6 -3.9 -11.4
Participation rate 68.5 68.4 0.4 -0.1 1.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.7 4.5 0.3 -0.2 -0.9 ... ...
Employment rate 65.3 65.3 0.4 0.0 1.9 ... ...
Moncton, New Brunswick              
Population 141.5 142.0 ... 0.5 5.6 0.4 4.1
Labour force 95.1 95.8 0.8 0.7 6.2 0.7 6.9
Employment 90.1 90.8 0.8 0.7 5.7 0.8 6.7
Unemployment 5.0 5.0 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.0 11.1
Participation rate 67.2 67.5 0.6 0.3 1.8 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.3 5.2 0.4 -0.1 0.2 ... ...
Employment rate 63.7 63.9 0.6 0.2 1.5 ... ...
Saint John, New Brunswick               
Population 114.4 114.7 ... 0.3 3.0 0.3 2.7
Labour force 70.2 69.6 0.9 -0.6 -0.9 -0.9 -1.3
Employment 65.7 65.8 0.9 0.1 0.7 0.2 1.1
Unemployment 4.5 3.7 0.4 -0.8 -1.8 -17.8 -32.7
Participation rate 61.4 60.7 0.8 -0.7 -2.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.4 5.3 0.5 -1.1 -2.5 ... ...
Employment rate 57.4 57.4 0.8 0.0 -0.9 ... ...
Saguenay, Quebec              
Population 135.7 135.8 ... 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.3
Labour force 75.6 76.6 1.1 1.0 -6.6 1.3 -7.9
Employment 72.4 73.8 1.1 1.4 -6.0 1.9 -7.5
Unemployment 3.2 2.8 0.3 -0.4 -0.6 -12.5 -17.6
Participation rate 55.7 56.4 0.8 0.7 -5.0 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.2 3.7 0.4 -0.5 -0.4 ... ...
Employment rate 53.4 54.3 0.8 0.9 -4.6 ... ...
Québec, Quebec              
Population 696.9 697.5 ... 0.6 6.8 0.1 1.0
Labour force 457.4 464.3 3.3 6.9 16.1 1.5 3.6
Employment 448.7 456.6 3.3 7.9 19.8 1.8 4.5
Unemployment 8.7 7.7 1.0 -1.0 -3.8 -11.5 -33.0
Participation rate 65.6 66.6 0.5 1.0 1.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 1.9 1.7 0.2 -0.2 -0.9 ... ...
Employment rate 64.4 65.5 0.5 1.1 2.3 ... ...
Sherbrooke, Quebec              
Population 192.6 192.9 ... 0.3 3.2 0.2 1.7
Labour force 118.4 117.0 1.2 -1.4 3.8 -1.2 3.4
Employment 113.6 111.8 1.2 -1.8 1.7 -1.6 1.5
Unemployment 4.7 5.2 0.4 0.5 2.1 10.6 67.7
Participation rate 61.5 60.7 0.6 -0.8 1.0 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.0 4.4 0.3 0.4 1.7 ... ...
Employment rate 59.0 58.0 0.6 -1.0 0.0 ... ...
Trois-Rivières, Quebec               
Population 138.4 138.5 ... 0.1 1.1 0.1 0.8
Labour force 79.8 79.4 0.9 -0.4 -2.4 -0.5 -2.9
Employment 77.1 76.4 1.0 -0.7 -2.3 -0.9 -2.9
Unemployment 2.7 3.1 0.3 0.4 0.0 14.8 0.0
Participation rate 57.7 57.3 0.7 -0.4 -2.2 ... ...
Unemployment rate 3.4 3.9 0.4 0.5 0.1 ... ...
Employment rate 55.7 55.2 0.7 -0.5 -2.1 ... ...
Montréal, Quebec              
Population 3,705.2 3,711.1 ... 5.9 52.9 0.2 1.4
Labour force 2,533.8 2,535.6 8.6 1.8 92.5 0.1 3.8
Employment 2,413.6 2,414.7 8.8 1.1 94.6 0.0 4.1
Unemployment 120.3 121.0 4.6 0.7 -2.0 0.6 -1.6
Participation rate 68.4 68.3 0.2 -0.1 1.5 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.7 4.8 0.2 0.1 -0.2 ... ...
Employment rate 65.1 65.1 0.2 0.0 1.7 ... ...
Ottawa–Gatineau, Ontario/Quebec               
Population 1,251.6 1,254.8 ... 3.2 26.9 0.3 2.2
Labour force 846.1 847.3 4.6 1.2 27.2 0.1 3.3
Employment 811.7 812.5 4.7 0.8 29.3 0.1 3.7
Unemployment 34.4 34.8 1.6 0.4 -2.1 1.2 -5.7
Participation rate 67.6 67.5 0.4 -0.1 0.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.1 4.1 0.2 0.0 -0.4 ... ...
Employment rate 64.9 64.8 0.4 -0.1 1.0 ... ...
Ottawa–Gatineau, Quebec part, Ontario/Quebec              
Population 292.6 293.0 ... 0.4 4.3 0.1 1.5
Labour force 195.4 194.3 1.4 -1.1 0.4 -0.6 0.2
Employment 186.8 185.6 1.5 -1.2 -0.9 -0.6 -0.5
Unemployment 8.6 8.7 0.5 0.1 1.3 1.2 17.6
Participation rate 66.8 66.3 0.5 -0.5 -0.9 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.4 4.5 0.3 0.1 0.7 ... ...
Employment rate 63.8 63.3 0.5 -0.5 -1.3 ... ...
Ottawa–Gatineau, Ontario part, Ontario/Quebec              
Population 959.0 961.8 ... 2.8 22.6 0.3 2.4
Labour force 650.7 652.9 4.4 2.2 26.7 0.3 4.3
Employment 624.9 626.9 4.5 2.0 30.2 0.3 5.1
Unemployment 25.8 26.1 1.6 0.3 -3.4 1.2 -11.5
Participation rate 67.9 67.9 0.5 0.0 1.2 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.0 4.0 0.2 0.0 -0.7 ... ...
Employment rate 65.2 65.2 0.5 0.0 1.7 ... ...
Kingston, Ontario              
Population 150.4 151.0 ... 0.6 4.2 0.4 2.9
Labour force 94.6 95.8 0.9 1.2 6.8 1.3 7.6
Employment 89.4 90.6 0.9 1.2 7.3 1.3 8.8
Unemployment 5.2 5.2 0.4 0.0 -0.5 0.0 -8.8
Participation rate 62.9 63.4 0.6 0.5 2.8 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.5 5.4 0.4 -0.1 -1.0 ... ...
Employment rate 59.4 60.0 0.6 0.6 3.3 ... ...
Belleville, Ontario              
Population 101.9 104.2 ... 2.3 10.8 2.3 11.6
Labour force 65.7 67.1 3.0 1.4 12.0 2.1 21.8
Employment 62.2 63.7 2.9 1.5 9.8 2.4 18.2
Unemployment 3.6 3.4 0.6 -0.2 2.2 -5.6 183.3
Participation rate 64.5 64.4 2.4 -0.1 5.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.5 5.1 1.1 -0.4 2.9 ... ...
Employment rate 61.0 61.1 2.4 0.1 3.4 ... ...
Peterborough, Ontario              
Population 115.4 115.6 ... 0.2 1.5 0.2 1.3
Labour force 65.0 66.4 1.7 1.4 -1.6 2.2 -2.4
Employment 62.3 62.9 1.7 0.6 -2.2 1.0 -3.4
Unemployment 2.7 3.5 0.6 0.8 0.6 29.6 20.7
Participation rate 56.3 57.4 1.5 1.1 -2.2 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.2 5.3 0.8 1.1 1.0 ... ...
Employment rate 54.0 54.4 1.5 0.4 -2.7 ... ...
Oshawa, Ontario              
Population 354.4 355.1 ... 0.7 5.5 0.2 1.6
Labour force 242.4 238.6 2.1 -3.8 2.0 -1.6 0.8
Employment 231.4 227.7 2.3 -3.7 4.6 -1.6 2.1
Unemployment 11.0 10.9 1.0 -0.1 -2.6 -0.9 -19.3
Participation rate 68.4 67.2 0.6 -1.2 -0.5 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.5 4.6 0.4 0.1 -1.1 ... ...
Employment rate 65.3 64.1 0.6 -1.2 0.3 ... ...
Toronto, Ontario              
Population 5,723.6 5,739.7 ... 16.1 113.0 0.3 2.0
Labour force 3,822.6 3,861.0 11.2 38.4 26.6 1.0 0.7
Employment 3,602.4 3,638.5 11.3 36.1 84.0 1.0 2.4
Unemployment 220.2 222.5 6.3 2.3 -57.3 1.0 -20.5
Participation rate 66.8 67.3 0.2 0.5 -0.8 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.8 5.8 0.2 0.0 -1.5 ... ...
Employment rate 62.9 63.4 0.2 0.5 0.2 ... ...
Hamilton, Ontario              
Population 676.9 677.9 ... 1.0 6.5 0.1 1.0
Labour force 438.7 437.7 3.0 -1.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.0
Employment 414.1 412.9 3.1 -1.2 0.5 -0.3 0.1
Unemployment 24.6 24.8 1.3 0.2 -0.6 0.8 -2.4
Participation rate 64.8 64.6 0.4 -0.2 -0.6 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.6 5.7 0.3 0.1 -0.1 ... ...
Employment rate 61.2 60.9 0.5 -0.3 -0.5 ... ...
St. Catharines–Niagara, Ontario               
Population 378.5 379.2 ... 0.7 3.9 0.2 1.0
Labour force 231.1 231.2 2.8 0.1 -6.4 0.0 -2.7
Employment 221.2 221.8 2.8 0.6 -0.4 0.3 -0.2
Unemployment 9.9 9.3 1.1 -0.6 -6.1 -6.1 -39.6
Participation rate 61.1 61.0 0.7 -0.1 -2.3 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.3 4.0 0.5 -0.3 -2.5 ... ...
Employment rate 58.4 58.5 0.7 0.1 -0.7 ... ...
Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo, Ontario              
Population 515.7 517.2 ... 1.5 11.2 0.3 2.2
Labour force 356.9 355.9 2.2 -1.0 7.5 -0.3 2.2
Employment 336.5 334.7 2.3 -1.8 5.2 -0.5 1.6
Unemployment 20.4 21.1 1.1 0.7 2.2 3.4 11.6
Participation rate 69.2 68.8 0.4 -0.4 -0.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.7 5.9 0.3 0.2 0.5 ... ...
Employment rate 65.3 64.7 0.5 -0.6 -0.4 ... ...
Brantford, Ontario              
Population 121.3 121.4 ... 0.1 1.3 0.1 1.1
Labour force 84.8 84.2 0.8 -0.6 5.2 -0.7 6.6
Employment 79.9 79.7 0.9 -0.2 4.8 -0.3 6.4
Unemployment 4.9 4.5 0.4 -0.4 0.4 -8.2 9.8
Participation rate 69.9 69.4 0.7 -0.5 3.6 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.8 5.3 0.5 -0.5 0.1 ... ...
Employment rate 65.9 65.7 0.7 -0.2 3.3 ... ...
Guelph, Ontario              
Population 144.4 144.7 ... 0.3 2.4 0.2 1.7
Labour force 101.7 103.3 1.2 1.6 -0.3 1.6 -0.3
Employment 97.8 99.4 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.4
Unemployment 3.9 3.9 0.6 0.0 -1.8 0.0 -31.6
Participation rate 70.4 71.4 0.8 1.0 -1.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 3.8 3.8 0.6 0.0 -1.7 ... ...
Employment rate 67.7 68.7 0.9 1.0 -0.2 ... ...
London, Ontario              
Population 481.5 482.8 ... 1.3 9.4 0.3 2.0
Labour force 314.1 311.7 2.3 -2.4 -0.9 -0.8 -0.3
Employment 298.1 296.7 2.4 -1.4 -0.5 -0.5 -0.2
Unemployment 15.9 15.0 1.0 -0.9 -0.4 -5.7 -2.6
Participation rate 65.2 64.6 0.5 -0.6 -1.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.1 4.8 0.3 -0.3 -0.1 ... ...
Employment rate 61.9 61.5 0.5 -0.4 -1.3 ... ...
Windsor, Ontario              
Population 311.4 312.1 ... 0.7 4.5 0.2 1.5
Labour force 201.2 203.7 2.3 2.5 8.7 1.2 4.5
Employment 190.0 192.0 2.3 2.0 13.6 1.1 7.6
Unemployment 11.2 11.7 1.1 0.5 -4.9 4.5 -29.5
Participation rate 64.6 65.3 0.7 0.7 1.9 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.6 5.7 0.6 0.1 -2.8 ... ...
Employment rate 61.0 61.5 0.8 0.5 3.5 ... ...
Barrie, Ontario              
Population 185.4 185.8 ... 0.4 2.7 0.2 1.5
Labour force 141.5 141.8 2.0 0.3 16.7 0.2 13.3
Employment 135.9 136.1 2.0 0.2 20.4 0.1 17.6
Unemployment 5.6 5.7 0.9 0.1 -3.6 1.8 -38.7
Participation rate 76.3 76.3 1.1 0.0 8.0 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.0 4.0 0.7 0.0 -3.4 ... ...
Employment rate 73.3 73.3 1.1 0.0 10.1 ... ...
Greater Sudbury, Ontario              
Population 146.4 146.5 ... 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.4
Labour force 91.8 92.1 1.1 0.3 1.8 0.3 2.0
Employment 88.1 88.4 1.0 0.3 2.1 0.3 2.4
Unemployment 3.6 3.7 0.4 0.1 -0.3 2.8 -7.5
Participation rate 62.7 62.9 0.7 0.2 1.0 ... ...
Unemployment rate 3.9 4.0 0.4 0.1 -0.4 ... ...
Employment rate 60.2 60.3 0.7 0.1 1.1 ... ...
Thunder Bay, Ontario              
Population 106.7 106.8 ... 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2
Labour force 66.4 68.1 0.6 1.7 0.0 2.6 0.0
Employment 63.6 65.3 0.6 1.7 0.8 2.7 1.2
Unemployment 2.7 2.8 0.3 0.1 -0.8 3.7 -22.2
Participation rate 62.2 63.8 0.6 1.6 -0.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.1 4.1 0.4 0.0 -1.2 ... ...
Employment rate 59.6 61.1 0.6 1.5 0.6 ... ...
Winnipeg, Manitoba              
Population 720.9 722.9 ... 2.0 14.0 0.3 2.0
Labour force 489.3 492.5 1.7 3.2 7.7 0.7 1.6
Employment 467.2 469.6 1.7 2.4 8.5 0.5 1.8
Unemployment 22.1 22.9 0.9 0.8 -0.7 3.6 -3.0
Participation rate 67.9 68.1 0.2 0.2 -0.3 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.5 4.6 0.2 0.1 -0.3 ... ...
Employment rate 64.8 65.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 ... ...
Regina, Saskatchewan              
Population 223.8 224.6 ... 0.8 6.8 0.4 3.1
Labour force 150.6 151.1 1.1 0.5 -0.7 0.3 -0.5
Employment 143.0 143.5 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1
Unemployment 7.6 7.6 0.5 0.0 -0.9 0.0 -10.6
Participation rate 67.3 67.3 0.5 0.0 -2.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.0 5.0 0.3 0.0 -0.6 ... ...
Employment rate 63.9 63.9 0.6 0.0 -1.9 ... ...
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan              
Population 285.8 286.8 ... 1.0 9.8 0.3 3.5
Labour force 199.6 202.3 1.2 2.7 2.7 1.4 1.4
Employment 191.1 193.3 1.2 2.2 2.3 1.2 1.2
Unemployment 8.5 9.0 0.6 0.5 0.4 5.9 4.7
Participation rate 69.8 70.5 0.4 0.7 -1.6 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.3 4.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 ... ...
Employment rate 66.9 67.4 0.4 0.5 -1.6 ... ...
Lethbridge, Alberta              
Population 109.6 110.0 ... 0.4 3.5 0.4 3.3
Labour force 74.6 74.0 1.1 -0.6 3.4 -0.8 4.8
Employment 71.6 70.6 1.1 -1.0 4.4 -1.4 6.6
Unemployment 3.1 3.5 0.5 0.4 -0.9 12.9 -20.5
Participation rate 68.1 67.3 1.0 -0.8 1.0 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.2 4.7 0.6 0.5 -1.5 ... ...
Employment rate 65.3 64.2 1.0 -1.1 2.0 ... ...
Calgary, Alberta              
Population 1,322.8 1,327.8 ... 5.0 44.6 0.4 3.5
Labour force 928.7 938.1 5.1 9.4 14.3 1.0 1.5
Employment 867.8 876.3 5.3 8.5 19.0 1.0 2.2
Unemployment 61.0 61.8 2.9 0.8 -4.7 1.3 -7.1
Participation rate 70.2 70.7 0.4 0.5 -1.3 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.6 6.6 0.3 0.0 -0.6 ... ...
Employment rate 65.6 66.0 0.4 0.4 -0.8 ... ...
Edmonton, Alberta              
Population 1,257.6 1,262.5 ... 4.9 43.8 0.4 3.6
Labour force 886.6 894.0 4.7 7.4 40.1 0.8 4.7
Employment 838.3 845.4 4.8 7.1 46.2 0.8 5.8
Unemployment 48.3 48.6 2.4 0.3 -6.1 0.6 -11.2
Participation rate 70.5 70.8 0.4 0.3 0.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.4 5.4 0.3 0.0 -1.0 ... ...
Employment rate 66.7 67.0 0.4 0.3 1.4 ... ...
Kelowna, British Columbia               
Population 190.3 190.8 ... 0.5 3.6 0.3 1.9
Labour force 117.0 120.5 2.0 3.5 6.2 3.0 5.4
Employment 112.9 116.5 2.1 3.6 9.2 3.2 8.6
Unemployment 4.1 4.1 0.7 0.0 -2.9 0.0 -41.4
Participation rate 61.5 63.2 1.1 1.7 2.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 3.5 3.4 0.6 -0.1 -2.7 ... ...
Employment rate 59.3 61.1 1.1 1.8 3.8 ... ...
Abbotsford–Mission, British Columbia              
Population 175.3 175.7 ... 0.4 2.4 0.2 1.4
Labour force 112.6 112.9 1.2 0.3 -0.1 0.3 -0.1
Employment 105.9 106.5 1.2 0.6 -2.2 0.6 -2.0
Unemployment 6.7 6.5 0.5 -0.2 2.2 -3.0 51.2
Participation rate 64.2 64.3 0.7 0.1 -0.9 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.0 5.8 0.4 -0.2 2.0 ... ...
Employment rate 60.4 60.6 0.7 0.2 -2.1 ... ...
Vancouver, British Columbia               
Population 2,407.8 2,413.5 ... 5.7 34.4 0.2 1.4
Labour force 1,636.3 1,643.3 5.8 7.0 22.2 0.4 1.4
Employment 1,557.9 1,562.8 5.9 4.9 23.0 0.3 1.5
Unemployment 78.3 80.5 3.0 2.2 -0.8 2.8 -1.0
Participation rate 68.0 68.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.8 4.9 0.2 0.1 -0.1 ... ...
Employment rate 64.7 64.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 ... ...
Victoria, British Columbia               
Population 358.2 359.0 ... 0.8 6.4 0.2 1.8
Labour force 220.3 220.2 2.0 -0.1 -7.2 -0.0 -3.2
Employment 213.1 213.1 2.1 0.0 -5.8 0.0 -2.6
Unemployment 7.2 7.1 0.7 -0.1 -1.4 -1.4 -16.5
Participation rate 61.5 61.3 0.6 -0.2 -3.2 ... ...
Unemployment rate 3.3 3.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.5 ... ...
Employment rate 59.5 59.4 0.6 -0.1 -2.7 ... ...
...
not applicable
Note(s):
The sum of individual categories may not always add up to the total as a result of rounding.
Source(s):
Date modified: