Table 6
Employment by province and industry, seasonally adjusted
November 2022 |
December 2022 |
Standard error1 | November to December 2022 | December 2021 to December 2022 | November to December 2022 | December 2021 to December 2022 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
thousands | thousands | thousands | change in thousands | change in thousands | % change | % change | |
Newfoundland and Labrador | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 229.1 | 235.8 | 2.2 | 6.7 | 12.7 | 2.9 | 5.7 |
Goods-producing sector | 44.1 | 46.7 | 1.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 5.9 | 5.9 |
Agriculture | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 37.5 | 120.0 |
Natural resources2 | 13.4 | 14.7 | 0.8 | 1.3 | -0.4 | 9.7 | -2.6 |
Utilities | 1.5 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 13.3 | 30.8 |
Construction | 19.2 | 19.5 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 11.4 |
Manufacturing | 9.2 | 9.8 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 6.5 | 0.0 |
Services-producing sector | 185.0 | 189.1 | 1.9 | 4.1 | 10.2 | 2.2 | 5.7 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 35.8 | 36.3 | 1.0 | 0.5 | -0.1 | 1.4 | -0.3 |
Transportation and warehousing | 11.6 | 12.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 3.6 | 6.9 | 40.9 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 8.2 | 7.9 | 0.4 | -0.3 | 2.2 | -3.7 | 38.6 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 11.3 | 11.1 | 0.6 | -0.2 | 0.1 | -1.8 | 0.9 |
Business, building and other support services | 5.0 | 5.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | -1.8 | 2.0 | -26.1 |
Educational services | 16.6 | 17.1 | 0.8 | 0.5 | -1.7 | 3.0 | -9.0 |
Health care and social assistance | 45.2 | 45.3 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 3.2 |
Information, culture and recreation | 5.8 | 6.2 | 0.7 | 0.4 | -1.6 | 6.9 | -20.5 |
Accommodation and food services | 15.0 | 16.1 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 4.4 | 7.3 | 37.6 |
Other services (except public administration) | 9.1 | 10.0 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 9.9 | 28.2 |
Public administration | 21.4 | 21.8 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 9.0 |
Prince Edward Island | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 84.7 | 85.1 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 1.9 |
Goods-producing sector | 20.1 | 20.8 | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.6 | 3.5 | -2.8 |
Agriculture | 3.3 | 3.0 | 0.3 | -0.3 | -0.9 | -9.1 | -23.1 |
Natural resources2 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 0.1 | -0.6 | 6.7 | -27.3 |
Utilities | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | -0.1 | 0.0 | -33.3 |
Construction | 7.2 | 7.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 4.2 | 15.4 |
Manufacturing | 7.9 | 8.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 7.6 | 0.0 |
Services-producing sector | 64.6 | 64.3 | 0.8 | -0.3 | 2.2 | -0.5 | 3.5 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 10.9 | 10.7 | 0.4 | -0.2 | -1.2 | -1.8 | -10.1 |
Transportation and warehousing | 1.2 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.4 | 25.0 | -21.1 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 2.4 | 2.7 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 12.5 | 8.0 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 4.3 | 4.6 | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.1 | 7.0 | -2.1 |
Business, building and other support services | 2.7 | 3.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 14.8 | 72.2 |
Educational services | 6.5 | 6.8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 4.6 | 13.3 |
Health care and social assistance | 13.5 | 13.5 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 9.8 |
Information, culture and recreation | 3.2 | 3.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | -0.3 | 3.1 | -8.3 |
Accommodation and food services | 5.0 | 4.7 | 0.4 | -0.3 | 0.0 | -6.0 | 0.0 |
Other services (except public administration) | 3.3 | 3.1 | 0.2 | -0.2 | -0.4 | -6.1 | -11.4 |
Public administration | 11.5 | 10.3 | 0.4 | -1.2 | 1.0 | -10.4 | 10.8 |
Nova Scotia | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 482.5 | 483.2 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 13.3 | 0.1 | 2.8 |
Goods-producing sector | 94.4 | 92.5 | 1.8 | -1.9 | 3.6 | -2.0 | 4.0 |
Agriculture | 4.6 | 3.9 | 0.6 | -0.7 | -2.7 | -15.2 | -40.9 |
Natural resources2 | 11.5 | 11.6 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 18.4 |
Utilities | 4.0 | 3.9 | 0.4 | -0.1 | -1.8 | -2.5 | -31.6 |
Construction | 38.7 | 39.6 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 5.4 | 2.3 | 15.8 |
Manufacturing | 35.5 | 33.5 | 1.1 | -2.0 | 0.8 | -5.6 | 2.4 |
Services-producing sector | 388.1 | 390.6 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 9.6 | 0.6 | 2.5 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 72.9 | 72.9 | 1.6 | 0.0 | -1.2 | 0.0 | -1.6 |
Transportation and warehousing | 20.3 | 21.5 | 0.9 | 1.2 | -3.2 | 5.9 | -13.0 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 24.3 | 24.3 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 11.5 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 36.8 | 38.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 3.8 | 2.1 |
Business, building and other support services | 18.1 | 17.2 | 1.0 | -0.9 | -1.4 | -5.0 | -7.5 |
Educational services | 38.8 | 39.0 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Health care and social assistance | 80.5 | 81.0 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 5.5 | 0.6 | 7.3 |
Information, culture and recreation | 17.7 | 18.2 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 4.0 | 2.8 | 28.2 |
Accommodation and food services | 28.8 | 27.7 | 1.3 | -1.1 | -1.0 | -3.8 | -3.5 |
Other services (except public administration) | 17.3 | 18.4 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 2.3 | 6.4 | 14.3 |
Public administration | 32.8 | 32.3 | 0.8 | -0.5 | 1.2 | -1.5 | 3.9 |
New Brunswick | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 373.5 | 372.5 | 2.5 | -1.0 | 9.7 | -0.3 | 2.7 |
Goods-producing sector | 74.9 | 74.5 | 1.5 | -0.4 | -0.7 | -0.5 | -0.9 |
Agriculture | 6.8 | 5.9 | 0.6 | -0.9 | -0.2 | -13.2 | -3.3 |
Natural resources2 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 0.8 | 0.1 | -0.7 | 1.3 | -8.1 |
Utilities | 4.7 | 4.7 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Construction | 27.9 | 28.4 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 6.4 |
Manufacturing | 27.7 | 27.6 | 0.9 | -0.1 | -1.5 | -0.4 | -5.2 |
Services-producing sector | 298.6 | 298.0 | 2.2 | -0.6 | 10.4 | -0.2 | 3.6 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 55.7 | 53.9 | 1.1 | -1.8 | 0.0 | -3.2 | 0.0 |
Transportation and warehousing | 17.2 | 16.8 | 0.7 | -0.4 | -1.5 | -2.3 | -8.2 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 17.2 | 17.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 2.9 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 22.1 | 22.3 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 13.8 |
Business, building and other support services | 12.3 | 13.2 | 0.7 | 0.9 | -2.3 | 7.3 | -14.8 |
Educational services | 33.4 | 32.8 | 0.9 | -0.6 | 1.4 | -1.8 | 4.5 |
Health care and social assistance | 62.2 | 62.3 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 6.1 | 0.2 | 10.9 |
Information, culture and recreation | 8.8 | 10.9 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 23.9 | 29.8 |
Accommodation and food services | 19.8 | 18.5 | 1.0 | -1.3 | -1.5 | -6.6 | -7.5 |
Other services (except public administration) | 14.9 | 14.5 | 0.7 | -0.4 | -0.4 | -2.7 | -2.7 |
Public administration | 35.1 | 35.1 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 2.9 | 0.0 | 9.0 |
Quebec | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 4,436.4 | 4,439.0 | 16.8 | 2.6 | 78.6 | 0.1 | 1.8 |
Goods-producing sector | 930.1 | 933.5 | 9.3 | 3.4 | 27.1 | 0.4 | 3.0 |
Agriculture | 61.0 | 58.4 | 3.0 | -2.6 | 6.5 | -4.3 | 12.5 |
Natural resources2 | 39.6 | 39.8 | 2.1 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 3.1 |
Utilities | 29.0 | 30.1 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 13.6 |
Construction | 296.4 | 300.3 | 5.8 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 |
Manufacturing | 504.2 | 504.9 | 6.8 | 0.7 | 11.6 | 0.1 | 2.4 |
Services-producing sector | 3,506.3 | 3,505.5 | 16.4 | -0.8 | 51.5 | -0.0 | 1.5 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 644.8 | 645.5 | 9.3 | 0.7 | 6.2 | 0.1 | 1.0 |
Transportation and warehousing | 218.3 | 224.2 | 5.2 | 5.9 | -8.7 | 2.7 | -3.7 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 276.8 | 275.1 | 4.7 | -1.7 | -10.0 | -0.6 | -3.5 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 394.4 | 388.2 | 6.6 | -6.2 | 3.7 | -1.6 | 1.0 |
Business, building and other support services | 166.0 | 164.9 | 5.7 | -1.1 | -5.2 | -0.7 | -3.1 |
Educational services | 335.6 | 337.5 | 6.8 | 1.9 | -16.1 | 0.6 | -4.6 |
Health care and social assistance | 608.6 | 598.3 | 7.1 | -10.3 | -1.2 | -1.7 | -0.2 |
Information, culture and recreation | 192.4 | 198.3 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 33.7 | 3.1 | 20.5 |
Accommodation and food services | 229.5 | 229.0 | 6.0 | -0.5 | 35.1 | -0.2 | 18.1 |
Other services (except public administration) | 166.6 | 166.9 | 4.5 | 0.3 | 5.0 | 0.2 | 3.1 |
Public administration | 273.3 | 277.5 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 8.9 | 1.5 | 3.3 |
Ontario | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 7,701.6 | 7,743.7 | 23.3 | 42.1 | 104.5 | 0.5 | 1.4 |
Goods-producing sector | 1,530.5 | 1,544.7 | 12.9 | 14.2 | 51.2 | 0.9 | 3.4 |
Agriculture | 71.7 | 79.1 | 3.0 | 7.4 | 15.6 | 10.3 | 24.6 |
Natural resources2 | 44.3 | 43.2 | 2.4 | -1.1 | 4.5 | -2.5 | 11.6 |
Utilities | 65.1 | 64.4 | 2.1 | -0.7 | 5.9 | -1.1 | 10.1 |
Construction | 573.9 | 589.5 | 8.3 | 15.6 | 45.0 | 2.7 | 8.3 |
Manufacturing | 775.5 | 768.6 | 9.3 | -6.9 | -19.6 | -0.9 | -2.5 |
Services-producing sector | 6,171.1 | 6,199.0 | 23.1 | 27.9 | 53.3 | 0.5 | 0.9 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 1,082.4 | 1,082.7 | 12.5 | 0.3 | -70.3 | 0.0 | -6.1 |
Transportation and warehousing | 385.3 | 391.1 | 7.1 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 676.2 | 675.9 | 7.8 | -0.3 | 34.6 | -0.0 | 5.4 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 790.4 | 812.6 | 9.4 | 22.2 | 48.3 | 2.8 | 6.3 |
Business, building and other support services | 303.4 | 305.9 | 8.0 | 2.5 | 8.5 | 0.8 | 2.9 |
Educational services | 581.7 | 564.6 | 8.7 | -17.1 | 1.0 | -2.9 | 0.2 |
Health care and social assistance | 935.3 | 924.2 | 9.8 | -11.1 | -9.2 | -1.2 | -1.0 |
Information, culture and recreation | 309.4 | 322.3 | 8.2 | 12.9 | -16.6 | 4.2 | -4.9 |
Accommodation and food services | 409.3 | 420.0 | 9.1 | 10.7 | 28.5 | 2.6 | 7.3 |
Other services (except public administration) | 254.9 | 257.3 | 7.0 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.3 |
Public administration | 443.0 | 442.4 | 5.8 | -0.6 | 22.1 | -0.1 | 5.3 |
Manitoba | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 669.3 | 676.3 | 3.2 | 7.0 | 11.5 | 1.0 | 1.7 |
Goods-producing sector | 140.0 | 142.1 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.8 |
Agriculture | 15.6 | 14.0 | 1.0 | -1.6 | -7.0 | -10.3 | -33.3 |
Natural resources2 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 15.2 | 47.2 |
Utilities | 5.3 | 5.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 3.8 | 10.0 |
Construction | 50.4 | 52.1 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 4.2 | 3.4 | 8.8 |
Manufacturing | 64.1 | 65.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.4 |
Services-producing sector | 529.3 | 534.3 | 3.1 | 5.0 | 10.6 | 0.9 | 2.0 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 94.4 | 93.9 | 1.6 | -0.5 | -5.2 | -0.5 | -5.2 |
Transportation and warehousing | 39.9 | 39.3 | 1.0 | -0.6 | -3.4 | -1.5 | -8.0 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 39.7 | 40.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 7.4 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 35.5 | 35.6 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 3.7 | 0.3 | 11.6 |
Business, building and other support services | 19.6 | 20.5 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 4.6 | 3.5 |
Educational services | 62.5 | 64.6 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 5.3 | 3.4 | 8.9 |
Health care and social assistance | 103.5 | 102.3 | 1.5 | -1.2 | -1.5 | -1.2 | -1.4 |
Information, culture and recreation | 23.2 | 23.3 | 1.1 | 0.1 | -3.0 | 0.4 | -11.4 |
Accommodation and food services | 39.8 | 40.2 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 4.7 | 1.0 | 13.2 |
Other services (except public administration) | 27.0 | 27.2 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.4 |
Public administration | 44.2 | 47.0 | 1.0 | 2.8 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 16.3 |
Saskatchewan | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 576.8 | 581.0 | 3.2 | 4.2 | 10.3 | 0.7 | 1.8 |
Goods-producing sector | 128.6 | 126.8 | 2.1 | -1.8 | -0.1 | -1.4 | -0.1 |
Agriculture | 25.7 | 25.7 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 7.1 |
Natural resources2 | 20.7 | 21.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.4 | 4.8 | 12.4 |
Utilities | 7.1 | 6.9 | 0.3 | -0.2 | 0.5 | -2.8 | 7.8 |
Construction | 42.7 | 41.3 | 1.3 | -1.4 | -3.9 | -3.3 | -8.6 |
Manufacturing | 32.4 | 31.3 | 1.1 | -1.1 | -0.7 | -3.4 | -2.2 |
Services-producing sector | 448.2 | 454.2 | 3.1 | 6.0 | 10.4 | 1.3 | 2.3 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 93.0 | 94.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | -1.2 | 1.9 | -1.3 |
Transportation and warehousing | 25.5 | 25.3 | 0.9 | -0.2 | -0.9 | -0.8 | -3.4 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 29.1 | 30.2 | 0.8 | 1.1 | -0.8 | 3.8 | -2.6 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 31.5 | 30.4 | 0.9 | -1.1 | 1.7 | -3.5 | 5.9 |
Business, building and other support services | 12.1 | 12.2 | 1.1 | 0.1 | -3.7 | 0.8 | -23.3 |
Educational services | 49.1 | 49.0 | 1.2 | -0.1 | 1.7 | -0.2 | 3.6 |
Health care and social assistance | 92.8 | 94.4 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 4.3 | 1.7 | 4.8 |
Information, culture and recreation | 19.7 | 19.9 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 2.9 | 1.0 | 17.1 |
Accommodation and food services | 32.5 | 33.1 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 3.8 |
Other services (except public administration) | 27.6 | 28.6 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 14.9 |
Public administration | 35.2 | 36.2 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 2.8 | 4.6 |
Alberta | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 2,364.1 | 2,388.6 | 11.4 | 24.5 | 88.8 | 1.0 | 3.9 |
Goods-producing sector | 558.1 | 560.5 | 7.0 | 2.4 | 22.4 | 0.4 | 4.2 |
Agriculture | 45.2 | 44.7 | 2.4 | -0.5 | 12.2 | -1.1 | 37.5 |
Natural resources2 | 144.9 | 138.3 | 4.0 | -6.6 | -4.7 | -4.6 | -3.3 |
Utilities | 18.9 | 14.5 | 1.3 | -4.4 | -3.0 | -23.3 | -17.1 |
Construction | 217.3 | 229.8 | 5.0 | 12.5 | 3.6 | 5.8 | 1.6 |
Manufacturing | 131.7 | 133.1 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 14.2 | 1.1 | 11.9 |
Services-producing sector | 1,806.0 | 1,828.2 | 11.1 | 22.2 | 66.5 | 1.2 | 3.8 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 360.9 | 354.5 | 6.1 | -6.4 | -0.3 | -1.8 | -0.1 |
Transportation and warehousing | 127.1 | 135.3 | 3.9 | 8.2 | -2.2 | 6.5 | -1.6 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 120.8 | 119.1 | 3.3 | -1.7 | 0.9 | -1.4 | 0.8 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 224.6 | 228.9 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 32.3 | 1.9 | 16.4 |
Business, building and other support services | 71.2 | 75.0 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 6.7 |
Educational services | 163.4 | 165.1 | 4.0 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
Health care and social assistance | 314.5 | 319.7 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 6.3 | 1.7 | 2.0 |
Information, culture and recreation | 78.6 | 83.1 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 15.0 | 5.7 | 22.0 |
Accommodation and food services | 126.2 | 128.5 | 4.4 | 2.3 | 4.4 | 1.8 | 3.5 |
Other services (except public administration) | 113.2 | 110.5 | 3.3 | -2.7 | 7.2 | -2.4 | 7.0 |
Public administration | 105.4 | 108.6 | 3.0 | 3.2 | -2.5 | 3.0 | -2.3 |
British Columbia | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 2,748.4 | 2,765.0 | 12.1 | 16.6 | 62.9 | 0.6 | 2.3 |
Goods-producing sector | 496.9 | 497.8 | 6.9 | 0.9 | 8.1 | 0.2 | 1.7 |
Agriculture | 24.5 | 24.7 | 2.1 | 0.2 | -3.2 | 0.8 | -11.5 |
Natural resources2 | 48.8 | 50.9 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 9.2 | 4.3 | 22.1 |
Utilities | 13.8 | 13.3 | 0.9 | -0.5 | -1.3 | -3.6 | -8.9 |
Construction | 235.3 | 236.3 | 4.8 | 1.0 | 20.7 | 0.4 | 9.6 |
Manufacturing | 174.6 | 172.6 | 4.1 | -2.0 | -17.2 | -1.1 | -9.1 |
Services-producing sector | 2,251.5 | 2,267.2 | 11.9 | 15.7 | 54.8 | 0.7 | 2.5 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 413.2 | 410.2 | 6.2 | -3.0 | -17.1 | -0.7 | -4.0 |
Transportation and warehousing | 137.7 | 146.0 | 3.9 | 8.3 | 4.4 | 6.0 | 3.1 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 164.8 | 169.2 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 9.2 | 2.7 | 5.8 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 270.1 | 272.2 | 5.4 | 2.1 | 28.9 | 0.8 | 11.9 |
Business, building and other support services | 98.6 | 94.8 | 3.9 | -3.8 | -6.3 | -3.9 | -6.2 |
Educational services | 206.1 | 207.4 | 4.6 | 1.3 | 12.0 | 0.6 | 6.1 |
Health care and social assistance | 369.2 | 367.1 | 5.4 | -2.1 | -18.0 | -0.6 | -4.7 |
Information, culture and recreation | 156.3 | 154.4 | 4.9 | -1.9 | 19.9 | -1.2 | 14.8 |
Accommodation and food services | 179.7 | 181.5 | 4.7 | 1.8 | 8.7 | 1.0 | 5.0 |
Other services (except public administration) | 113.7 | 121.2 | 3.5 | 7.5 | 13.1 | 6.6 | 12.1 |
Public administration | 142.1 | 143.4 | 3.3 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.1 |
Note(s):
The sum of individual categories may not always add up to the total as a result of rounding.
Source(s):
Table 14-10-0355-02.
Table note 1
Average standard error of change between two consecutive months. See the "Data Quality" section of the Guide to the Labour Force Survey (Catalogue number71-543-G) for more information.
Table note 2
Also referred to as "Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction."
- Date modified: