Table 6
Employment by province and industry, seasonally adjusted
September 2022 |
October 2022 |
Standard error1 | September to October 2022 | October 2021 to October 2022 | September to October 2022 | October 2021 to October 2022 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
thousands | thousands | thousands | change in thousands | change in thousands | % change | % change | |
Newfoundland and Labrador | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 229.3 | 232.6 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 12.5 | 1.4 | 5.7 |
Goods-producing sector | 45.0 | 41.4 | 1.5 | -3.6 | -2.9 | -8.0 | -6.5 |
Agriculture | 0.6 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 66.7 | 25.0 |
Natural resources2 | 14.8 | 13.3 | 0.8 | -1.5 | -1.6 | -10.1 | -10.7 |
Utilities | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 0.0 | -0.1 | 0.0 | -6.7 |
Construction | 17.4 | 16.2 | 1.0 | -1.2 | -0.4 | -6.9 | -2.4 |
Manufacturing | 10.9 | 9.4 | 0.9 | -1.5 | -1.2 | -13.8 | -11.3 |
Services-producing sector | 184.2 | 191.1 | 1.9 | 6.9 | 15.3 | 3.7 | 8.7 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 36.5 | 37.4 | 1.0 | 0.9 | -0.5 | 2.5 | -1.3 |
Transportation and warehousing | 12.6 | 13.0 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 39.8 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 8.1 | 8.1 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 0.0 | 39.7 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 11.4 | 12.1 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 6.1 | 7.1 |
Business, building and other support services | 5.3 | 5.0 | 0.6 | -0.3 | -1.7 | -5.7 | -25.4 |
Educational services | 17.0 | 17.6 | 0.8 | 0.6 | -0.9 | 3.5 | -4.9 |
Health care and social assistance | 43.9 | 45.3 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 4.0 | 3.2 | 9.7 |
Information, culture and recreation | 5.9 | 6.2 | 0.7 | 0.3 | -0.9 | 5.1 | -12.7 |
Accommodation and food services | 14.2 | 15.9 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 4.7 | 12.0 | 42.0 |
Other services (except public administration) | 8.6 | 8.6 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 22.9 |
Public administration | 20.7 | 21.9 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 5.8 | 11.2 |
Prince Edward Island | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 81.9 | 86.2 | 0.9 | 4.3 | 6.2 | 5.3 | 7.8 |
Goods-producing sector | 20.5 | 22.0 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 7.3 | 11.1 |
Agriculture | 3.3 | 2.8 | 0.3 | -0.5 | -1.1 | -15.2 | -28.2 |
Natural resources2 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 22.2 | 10.0 |
Utilities | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | -0.2 | 50.0 | -40.0 |
Construction | 6.7 | 7.4 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 10.4 | 23.3 |
Manufacturing | 8.5 | 9.4 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 10.6 | 25.3 |
Services-producing sector | 61.4 | 64.2 | 0.8 | 2.8 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 6.8 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 10.6 | 11.8 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 11.3 | 1.7 |
Transportation and warehousing | 1.3 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | -0.9 | 7.7 | -39.1 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 2.5 | 2.4 | 0.2 | -0.1 | -0.1 | -4.0 | -4.0 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 4.6 | 4.3 | 0.2 | -0.3 | -0.4 | -6.5 | -8.5 |
Business, building and other support services | 2.8 | 2.7 | 0.3 | -0.1 | 0.5 | -3.6 | 22.7 |
Educational services | 5.8 | 7.1 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 22.4 | 20.3 |
Health care and social assistance | 13.0 | 13.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 3.1 | 17.5 |
Information, culture and recreation | 2.9 | 3.7 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 27.6 | 68.2 |
Accommodation and food services | 3.6 | 3.6 | 0.4 | 0.0 | -1.3 | 0.0 | -26.5 |
Other services (except public administration) | 3.5 | 3.2 | 0.2 | -0.3 | -0.2 | -8.6 | -5.9 |
Public administration | 10.8 | 10.6 | 0.4 | -0.2 | 1.5 | -1.9 | 16.5 |
Nova Scotia | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 480.2 | 480.9 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 13.7 | 0.1 | 2.9 |
Goods-producing sector | 92.9 | 98.0 | 1.8 | 5.1 | 10.1 | 5.5 | 11.5 |
Agriculture | 4.5 | 5.0 | 0.6 | 0.5 | -1.3 | 11.1 | -20.6 |
Natural resources2 | 11.0 | 10.9 | 0.9 | -0.1 | 0.6 | -0.9 | 5.8 |
Utilities | 4.3 | 4.3 | 0.4 | 0.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | -18.9 |
Construction | 41.0 | 42.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 8.8 | 2.7 | 26.4 |
Manufacturing | 32.0 | 35.7 | 1.1 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 11.6 | 9.2 |
Services-producing sector | 387.3 | 382.9 | 2.9 | -4.4 | 3.6 | -1.1 | 0.9 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 74.0 | 70.7 | 1.6 | -3.3 | -5.0 | -4.5 | -6.6 |
Transportation and warehousing | 19.4 | 20.9 | 0.9 | 1.5 | -5.6 | 7.7 | -21.1 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 24.0 | 25.3 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 3.0 | 5.4 | 13.5 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 37.5 | 36.7 | 1.1 | -0.8 | 1.5 | -2.1 | 4.3 |
Business, building and other support services | 16.7 | 15.7 | 1.0 | -1.0 | -3.4 | -6.0 | -17.8 |
Educational services | 38.9 | 38.9 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 2.4 | 0.0 | 6.6 |
Health care and social assistance | 80.9 | 79.9 | 1.3 | -1.0 | 4.8 | -1.2 | 6.4 |
Information, culture and recreation | 18.4 | 17.6 | 1.0 | -0.8 | 4.3 | -4.3 | 32.3 |
Accommodation and food services | 29.4 | 29.7 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.4 |
Other services (except public administration) | 16.7 | 16.3 | 0.7 | -0.4 | 0.2 | -2.4 | 1.2 |
Public administration | 31.5 | 31.3 | 0.8 | -0.2 | 1.1 | -0.6 | 3.6 |
New Brunswick | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 373.1 | 375.0 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 10.6 | 0.5 | 2.9 |
Goods-producing sector | 76.9 | 74.6 | 1.5 | -2.3 | 1.3 | -3.0 | 1.8 |
Agriculture | 7.0 | 6.1 | 0.6 | -0.9 | 0.4 | -12.9 | 7.0 |
Natural resources2 | 8.1 | 7.8 | 0.8 | -0.3 | -1.1 | -3.7 | -12.4 |
Utilities | 4.9 | 5.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 4.1 | 18.6 |
Construction | 28.0 | 27.9 | 0.9 | -0.1 | 2.4 | -0.4 | 9.4 |
Manufacturing | 29.0 | 27.6 | 0.9 | -1.4 | -1.3 | -4.8 | -4.5 |
Services-producing sector | 296.1 | 300.4 | 2.2 | 4.3 | 9.3 | 1.5 | 3.2 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 57.2 | 54.9 | 1.1 | -2.3 | -2.2 | -4.0 | -3.9 |
Transportation and warehousing | 17.9 | 18.0 | 0.7 | 0.1 | -0.7 | 0.6 | -3.7 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 16.0 | 17.1 | 0.5 | 1.1 | -0.5 | 6.9 | -2.8 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 21.8 | 22.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 4.5 | 3.2 | 25.0 |
Business, building and other support services | 12.2 | 12.3 | 0.7 | 0.1 | -2.7 | 0.8 | -18.0 |
Educational services | 32.5 | 33.1 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 8.2 |
Health care and social assistance | 59.8 | 60.7 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 5.9 |
Information, culture and recreation | 10.5 | 10.2 | 0.7 | -0.3 | 1.0 | -2.9 | 10.9 |
Accommodation and food services | 21.4 | 22.1 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 3.3 | 6.8 |
Other services (except public administration) | 14.3 | 14.9 | 0.7 | 0.6 | -0.3 | 4.2 | -2.0 |
Public administration | 32.6 | 34.7 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 6.4 | 9.1 |
Quebec | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 4,380.5 | 4,408.3 | 16.8 | 27.8 | 99.5 | 0.6 | 2.3 |
Goods-producing sector | 908.4 | 924.0 | 9.3 | 15.6 | 36.8 | 1.7 | 4.1 |
Agriculture | 62.5 | 63.3 | 3.0 | 0.8 | 10.3 | 1.3 | 19.4 |
Natural resources2 | 46.3 | 40.2 | 2.1 | -6.1 | 0.4 | -13.2 | 1.0 |
Utilities | 27.0 | 26.7 | 1.7 | -0.3 | -0.9 | -1.1 | -3.3 |
Construction | 283.1 | 299.9 | 5.8 | 16.8 | 11.2 | 5.9 | 3.9 |
Manufacturing | 489.5 | 494.0 | 6.8 | 4.5 | 16.1 | 0.9 | 3.4 |
Services-producing sector | 3,472.1 | 3,484.3 | 16.4 | 12.2 | 62.7 | 0.4 | 1.8 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 649.5 | 644.9 | 9.3 | -4.6 | -3.7 | -0.7 | -0.6 |
Transportation and warehousing | 223.4 | 218.2 | 5.2 | -5.2 | -8.8 | -2.3 | -3.9 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 260.7 | 268.1 | 4.7 | 7.4 | -21.8 | 2.8 | -7.5 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 396.9 | 396.7 | 6.6 | -0.2 | 22.6 | -0.1 | 6.0 |
Business, building and other support services | 167.8 | 171.5 | 5.7 | 3.7 | 10.3 | 2.2 | 6.4 |
Educational services | 338.6 | 335.9 | 6.8 | -2.7 | -16.3 | -0.8 | -4.6 |
Health care and social assistance | 612.8 | 614.3 | 7.1 | 1.5 | 11.1 | 0.2 | 1.8 |
Information, culture and recreation | 170.8 | 175.0 | 6.1 | 4.2 | 19.8 | 2.5 | 12.8 |
Accommodation and food services | 215.1 | 219.1 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 37.7 | 1.9 | 20.8 |
Other services (except public administration) | 161.4 | 166.0 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 2.4 |
Public administration | 275.0 | 274.7 | 4.4 | -0.3 | 8.0 | -0.1 | 3.0 |
Ontario | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 7,636.3 | 7,679.0 | 23.3 | 42.7 | 149.7 | 0.6 | 2.0 |
Goods-producing sector | 1,519.6 | 1,524.7 | 12.9 | 5.1 | 57.6 | 0.3 | 3.9 |
Agriculture | 70.7 | 72.9 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 5.7 | 3.1 | 8.5 |
Natural resources2 | 42.4 | 43.3 | 2.4 | 0.9 | 6.3 | 2.1 | 17.0 |
Utilities | 63.5 | 64.6 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 6.9 | 1.7 | 12.0 |
Construction | 579.2 | 575.4 | 8.3 | -3.8 | 42.3 | -0.7 | 7.9 |
Manufacturing | 763.9 | 768.5 | 9.3 | 4.6 | -3.6 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
Services-producing sector | 6,116.7 | 6,154.3 | 23.1 | 37.6 | 92.1 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 1,103.5 | 1,091.3 | 12.5 | -12.2 | -27.6 | -1.1 | -2.5 |
Transportation and warehousing | 377.4 | 381.3 | 7.1 | 3.9 | 2.8 | 1.0 | 0.7 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 670.0 | 666.4 | 7.8 | -3.6 | 39.1 | -0.5 | 6.2 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 783.2 | 794.9 | 9.4 | 11.7 | 41.7 | 1.5 | 5.5 |
Business, building and other support services | 303.0 | 307.7 | 8.0 | 4.7 | 16.5 | 1.6 | 5.7 |
Educational services | 563.4 | 572.5 | 8.7 | 9.1 | 16.2 | 1.6 | 2.9 |
Health care and social assistance | 921.4 | 925.5 | 9.8 | 4.1 | 13.5 | 0.4 | 1.5 |
Information, culture and recreation | 317.6 | 309.2 | 8.2 | -8.4 | -26.0 | -2.6 | -7.8 |
Accommodation and food services | 385.7 | 398.6 | 9.1 | 12.9 | -4.0 | 3.3 | -1.0 |
Other services (except public administration) | 256.1 | 264.2 | 7.0 | 8.1 | -9.6 | 3.2 | -3.5 |
Public administration | 435.4 | 442.7 | 5.8 | 7.3 | 29.4 | 1.7 | 7.1 |
Manitoba | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 670.1 | 674.7 | 3.2 | 4.6 | 16.5 | 0.7 | 2.5 |
Goods-producing sector | 137.7 | 138.6 | 1.9 | 0.9 | -4.6 | 0.7 | -3.2 |
Agriculture | 14.8 | 14.7 | 1.0 | -0.1 | -8.7 | -0.7 | -37.2 |
Natural resources2 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 0.4 | -0.3 | 1.6 | -5.6 | 45.7 |
Utilities | 5.2 | 5.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 8.2 |
Construction | 47.5 | 47.6 | 1.3 | 0.1 | -0.3 | 0.2 | -0.6 |
Manufacturing | 64.9 | 65.9 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 3.6 |
Services-producing sector | 532.4 | 536.1 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 21.1 | 0.7 | 4.1 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 94.2 | 94.9 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.2 |
Transportation and warehousing | 40.1 | 40.2 | 1.0 | 0.1 | -2.6 | 0.2 | -6.1 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 40.2 | 41.6 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 4.7 | 3.5 | 12.7 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 35.5 | 35.7 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 4.2 | 0.6 | 13.3 |
Business, building and other support services | 21.5 | 18.6 | 0.9 | -2.9 | -1.2 | -13.5 | -6.1 |
Educational services | 65.5 | 67.1 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 9.1 | 2.4 | 15.7 |
Health care and social assistance | 102.4 | 103.1 | 1.5 | 0.7 | -1.2 | 0.7 | -1.2 |
Information, culture and recreation | 23.2 | 22.3 | 1.1 | -0.9 | -2.0 | -3.9 | -8.2 |
Accommodation and food services | 39.8 | 41.5 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 5.4 | 4.3 | 15.0 |
Other services (except public administration) | 26.9 | 27.1 | 0.9 | 0.2 | -0.3 | 0.7 | -1.1 |
Public administration | 43.2 | 44.0 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 4.9 | 1.9 | 12.5 |
Saskatchewan | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 572.0 | 578.1 | 3.2 | 6.1 | 19.8 | 1.1 | 3.5 |
Goods-producing sector | 123.7 | 126.4 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 3.9 | 2.2 | 3.2 |
Agriculture | 25.4 | 25.9 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 6.6 |
Natural resources2 | 19.2 | 20.0 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 4.2 | 20.5 |
Utilities | 7.2 | 7.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 14.1 |
Construction | 41.4 | 42.8 | 1.3 | 1.4 | -0.3 | 3.4 | -0.7 |
Manufacturing | 30.5 | 30.4 | 1.1 | -0.1 | -1.6 | -0.3 | -5.0 |
Services-producing sector | 448.3 | 451.7 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 15.8 | 0.8 | 3.6 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 93.5 | 93.1 | 1.8 | -0.4 | -3.1 | -0.4 | -3.2 |
Transportation and warehousing | 25.2 | 25.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 2.0 | 1.2 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 30.0 | 29.6 | 0.8 | -0.4 | -1.6 | -1.3 | -5.1 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 32.2 | 33.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 6.7 | 2.5 | 25.5 |
Business, building and other support services | 11.3 | 12.9 | 1.1 | 1.6 | -0.4 | 14.2 | -3.0 |
Educational services | 45.9 | 47.5 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 3.5 | 3.9 |
Health care and social assistance | 95.6 | 94.4 | 1.4 | -1.2 | 4.5 | -1.3 | 5.0 |
Information, culture and recreation | 19.7 | 19.5 | 0.9 | -0.2 | 1.8 | -1.0 | 10.2 |
Accommodation and food services | 35.0 | 35.1 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 4.2 | 0.3 | 13.6 |
Other services (except public administration) | 26.1 | 25.9 | 0.9 | -0.2 | 1.1 | -0.8 | 4.4 |
Public administration | 33.9 | 35.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 3.2 | 1.4 |
Alberta | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 2,372.3 | 2,379.2 | 11.4 | 6.9 | 117.1 | 0.3 | 5.2 |
Goods-producing sector | 559.6 | 560.9 | 7.0 | 1.3 | 32.9 | 0.2 | 6.2 |
Agriculture | 41.2 | 43.0 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 9.3 | 4.4 | 27.6 |
Natural resources2 | 142.8 | 140.6 | 4.0 | -2.2 | -1.0 | -1.5 | -0.7 |
Utilities | 23.6 | 21.5 | 1.3 | -2.1 | 3.2 | -8.9 | 17.5 |
Construction | 226.6 | 230.0 | 5.0 | 3.4 | 15.3 | 1.5 | 7.1 |
Manufacturing | 125.2 | 125.8 | 3.5 | 0.6 | 6.2 | 0.5 | 5.2 |
Services-producing sector | 1,812.8 | 1,818.3 | 11.1 | 5.5 | 84.2 | 0.3 | 4.9 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 373.1 | 377.0 | 6.1 | 3.9 | 23.9 | 1.0 | 6.8 |
Transportation and warehousing | 132.9 | 130.5 | 3.9 | -2.4 | -5.1 | -1.8 | -3.8 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 122.3 | 119.0 | 3.3 | -3.3 | -2.2 | -2.7 | -1.8 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 222.2 | 224.5 | 4.5 | 2.3 | 33.4 | 1.0 | 17.5 |
Business, building and other support services | 72.6 | 70.8 | 3.3 | -1.8 | -1.5 | -2.5 | -2.1 |
Educational services | 159.4 | 159.9 | 4.0 | 0.5 | -11.3 | 0.3 | -6.6 |
Health care and social assistance | 311.7 | 312.4 | 4.9 | 0.7 | 11.3 | 0.2 | 3.8 |
Information, culture and recreation | 76.4 | 77.2 | 3.7 | 0.8 | 8.4 | 1.0 | 12.2 |
Accommodation and food services | 133.6 | 136.0 | 4.4 | 2.4 | 15.7 | 1.8 | 13.1 |
Other services (except public administration) | 104.5 | 105.2 | 3.3 | 0.7 | 13.5 | 0.7 | 14.7 |
Public administration | 104.2 | 105.9 | 3.0 | 1.7 | -2.0 | 1.6 | -1.9 |
British Columbia | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 2,752.3 | 2,762.1 | 12.1 | 9.8 | 68.7 | 0.4 | 2.6 |
Goods-producing sector | 497.7 | 516.4 | 6.9 | 18.7 | 27.1 | 3.8 | 5.5 |
Agriculture | 28.5 | 27.7 | 2.1 | -0.8 | 5.0 | -2.8 | 22.0 |
Natural resources2 | 47.8 | 49.4 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 4.7 |
Utilities | 16.7 | 17.3 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 2.3 | 3.6 | 15.3 |
Construction | 238.5 | 244.5 | 4.8 | 6.0 | 24.0 | 2.5 | 10.9 |
Manufacturing | 166.0 | 177.5 | 4.1 | 11.5 | -6.4 | 6.9 | -3.5 |
Services-producing sector | 2,254.6 | 2,245.7 | 11.9 | -8.9 | 41.7 | -0.4 | 1.9 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 415.2 | 411.0 | 6.2 | -4.2 | -10.4 | -1.0 | -2.5 |
Transportation and warehousing | 137.0 | 136.0 | 3.9 | -1.0 | -6.3 | -0.7 | -4.4 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 167.7 | 160.6 | 3.6 | -7.1 | -6.9 | -4.2 | -4.1 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 272.7 | 275.6 | 5.4 | 2.9 | 30.9 | 1.1 | 12.6 |
Business, building and other support services | 95.0 | 97.3 | 3.9 | 2.3 | -4.4 | 2.4 | -4.3 |
Educational services | 208.9 | 201.8 | 4.6 | -7.1 | 7.2 | -3.4 | 3.7 |
Health care and social assistance | 378.8 | 377.8 | 5.4 | -1.0 | 6.4 | -0.3 | 1.7 |
Information, culture and recreation | 151.7 | 158.6 | 4.9 | 6.9 | 27.1 | 4.5 | 20.6 |
Accommodation and food services | 181.2 | 175.6 | 4.7 | -5.6 | 0.8 | -3.1 | 0.5 |
Other services (except public administration) | 110.3 | 114.5 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 4.3 |
Public administration | 136.0 | 137.0 | 3.3 | 1.0 | -7.4 | 0.7 | -5.1 |
Note(s):
The sum of individual categories may not always add up to the total as a result of rounding.
Source(s):
Table 14-10-0355-02.
Table note 1
Average standard error of change between two consecutive months. See the "Data Quality" section of the Guide to the Labour Force Survey (Catalogue number71-543-G) for more information.
Table note 2
Also referred to as "Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction."
- Date modified: