Table 6
Employment by province and industry, seasonally adjusted
April 2022 |
May 2022 |
Standard error1 | April to May 2022 | May 2021 to May 2022 | April to May 2022 | May 2021 to May 2022 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
thousands | thousands | thousands | change in thousands | change in thousands | % change | % change | |
Newfoundland and Labrador | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 228.3 | 232.4 | 2.4 | 4.1 | 11.7 | 1.8 | 5.3 |
Goods-producing sector | 47.4 | 44.9 | 1.6 | -2.5 | 1.6 | -5.3 | 3.7 |
Agriculture | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.4 | -0.3 | 0.0 | -20.0 | 0.0 |
Natural resources2 | 14.1 | 14.6 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 11.5 |
Utilities | 1.6 | 1.4 | 0.2 | -0.2 | -0.5 | -12.5 | -26.3 |
Construction | 19.7 | 19.0 | 1.0 | -0.7 | 2.9 | -3.6 | 18.0 |
Manufacturing | 10.5 | 8.7 | 0.9 | -1.8 | -2.3 | -17.1 | -20.9 |
Services-producing sector | 180.9 | 187.5 | 2.1 | 6.6 | 10.1 | 3.6 | 5.7 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 37.3 | 38.5 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 11.0 |
Transportation and warehousing | 10.1 | 10.2 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 2.9 | 1.0 | 39.7 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 5.3 | 6.2 | 0.5 | 0.9 | -1.0 | 17.0 | -13.9 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 10.8 | 11.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 7.4 | 10.5 |
Business, building and other support services | 6.1 | 5.7 | 0.6 | -0.4 | -1.8 | -6.6 | -24.0 |
Educational services | 17.6 | 18.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 2.9 | 6.8 | 18.2 |
Health care and social assistance | 43.4 | 43.6 | 1.0 | 0.2 | -1.7 | 0.5 | -3.8 |
Information, culture and recreation | 7.2 | 7.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 | -1.6 | 6.9 | -17.2 |
Accommodation and food services | 14.6 | 15.4 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 4.1 | 5.5 | 36.3 |
Other services (except public administration) | 7.3 | 9.0 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 23.3 | 12.5 |
Public administration | 21.2 | 20.7 | 0.7 | -0.5 | 0.3 | -2.4 | 1.5 |
Prince Edward Island | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 84.5 | 85.6 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 6.8 | 1.3 | 8.6 |
Goods-producing sector | 22.2 | 22.2 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 4.3 | 0.0 | 24.0 |
Agriculture | 3.6 | 3.3 | 0.3 | -0.3 | 0.1 | -8.3 | 3.1 |
Natural resources2 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 0.3 | -0.3 | -0.1 | -11.5 | -4.2 |
Utilities | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Construction | 8.0 | 7.9 | 0.3 | -0.1 | 2.2 | -1.3 | 38.6 |
Manufacturing | 7.8 | 8.4 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 7.7 | 33.3 |
Services-producing sector | 62.4 | 63.4 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 4.1 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 11.4 | 11.1 | 0.4 | -0.3 | -0.9 | -2.6 | -7.5 |
Transportation and warehousing | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.2 | -0.1 | -1.1 | -6.3 | -42.3 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 2.7 | 2.8 | 0.2 | 0.1 | -0.1 | 3.7 | -3.4 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 5.1 | 4.8 | 0.2 | -0.3 | 0.3 | -5.9 | 6.7 |
Business, building and other support services | 2.1 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 19.0 | 13.6 |
Educational services | 6.2 | 6.1 | 0.3 | -0.1 | -0.5 | -1.6 | -7.6 |
Health care and social assistance | 12.1 | 12.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 6.0 |
Information, culture and recreation | 3.2 | 3.6 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 12.5 | 33.3 |
Accommodation and food services | 4.7 | 5.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 8.5 | 27.5 |
Other services (except public administration) | 3.2 | 3.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 3.2 |
Public administration | 10.1 | 10.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 19.8 |
Nova Scotia | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 481.5 | 479.4 | 3.0 | -2.1 | 35.1 | -0.4 | 7.9 |
Goods-producing sector | 91.0 | 90.2 | 1.9 | -0.8 | -2.6 | -0.9 | -2.8 |
Agriculture | 6.8 | 5.1 | 0.7 | -1.7 | -2.6 | -25.0 | -33.8 |
Natural resources2 | 9.4 | 10.0 | 1.0 | 0.6 | -0.7 | 6.4 | -6.5 |
Utilities | 4.2 | 4.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 9.5 | 7.0 |
Construction | 39.2 | 39.9 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 3.8 | 1.8 | 10.5 |
Manufacturing | 31.5 | 30.7 | 1.0 | -0.8 | -3.3 | -2.5 | -9.7 |
Services-producing sector | 390.5 | 389.1 | 2.8 | -1.4 | 37.7 | -0.4 | 10.7 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 74.6 | 70.1 | 1.6 | -4.5 | 5.6 | -6.0 | 8.7 |
Transportation and warehousing | 23.3 | 22.4 | 1.0 | -0.9 | -0.3 | -3.9 | -1.3 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 26.2 | 25.6 | 0.8 | -0.6 | 2.8 | -2.3 | 12.3 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 37.3 | 39.9 | 1.1 | 2.6 | 5.8 | 7.0 | 17.0 |
Business, building and other support services | 20.7 | 21.2 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 2.4 | 19.8 |
Educational services | 38.2 | 38.3 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 3.6 | 0.3 | 10.4 |
Health care and social assistance | 76.4 | 76.9 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 5.6 | 0.7 | 7.9 |
Information, culture and recreation | 15.3 | 15.6 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 23.8 |
Accommodation and food services | 29.8 | 30.1 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 5.6 | 1.0 | 22.9 |
Other services (except public administration) | 17.8 | 17.3 | 0.8 | -0.5 | 1.6 | -2.8 | 10.2 |
Public administration | 31.0 | 31.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 3.9 |
New Brunswick | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 371.7 | 367.8 | 2.6 | -3.9 | 8.3 | -1.0 | 2.3 |
Goods-producing sector | 79.2 | 77.4 | 1.5 | -1.8 | 9.1 | -2.3 | 13.3 |
Agriculture | 7.0 | 6.1 | 0.6 | -0.9 | 1.3 | -12.9 | 27.1 |
Natural resources2 | 7.9 | 8.6 | 0.8 | 0.7 | -0.4 | 8.9 | -4.4 |
Utilities | 4.8 | 4.4 | 0.3 | -0.4 | 0.5 | -8.3 | 12.8 |
Construction | 29.5 | 30.1 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 7.6 | 2.0 | 33.8 |
Manufacturing | 30.0 | 28.2 | 0.9 | -1.8 | 0.1 | -6.0 | 0.4 |
Services-producing sector | 292.5 | 290.3 | 2.3 | -2.2 | -0.9 | -0.8 | -0.3 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 53.7 | 55.2 | 1.2 | 1.5 | -0.6 | 2.8 | -1.1 |
Transportation and warehousing | 18.2 | 18.3 | 0.7 | 0.1 | -1.1 | 0.5 | -5.7 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 16.4 | 15.6 | 0.5 | -0.8 | -2.5 | -4.9 | -13.8 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 22.0 | 21.5 | 0.7 | -0.5 | 4.7 | -2.3 | 28.0 |
Business, building and other support services | 15.1 | 13.2 | 0.8 | -1.9 | -1.8 | -12.6 | -12.0 |
Educational services | 34.4 | 33.0 | 0.9 | -1.4 | 5.5 | -4.1 | 20.0 |
Health care and social assistance | 57.0 | 57.8 | 1.1 | 0.8 | -3.8 | 1.4 | -6.2 |
Information, culture and recreation | 9.7 | 9.5 | 0.7 | -0.2 | -0.4 | -2.1 | -4.0 |
Accommodation and food services | 21.4 | 21.9 | 1.0 | 0.5 | -0.7 | 2.3 | -3.1 |
Other services (except public administration) | 14.0 | 13.6 | 0.7 | -0.4 | -0.4 | -2.9 | -2.9 |
Public administration | 30.9 | 30.8 | 0.8 | -0.1 | 0.3 | -0.3 | 1.0 |
Quebec | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 4,379.5 | 4,384.6 | 18.4 | 5.1 | 155.1 | 0.1 | 3.7 |
Goods-producing sector | 920.5 | 917.2 | 10.2 | -3.3 | 26.3 | -0.4 | 3.0 |
Agriculture | 55.8 | 53.6 | 2.6 | -2.2 | -3.1 | -3.9 | -5.5 |
Natural resources2 | 48.5 | 50.6 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 6.7 | 4.3 | 15.3 |
Utilities | 30.1 | 27.9 | 1.7 | -2.2 | -1.4 | -7.3 | -4.8 |
Construction | 288.2 | 294.8 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 10.9 | 2.3 | 3.8 |
Manufacturing | 497.9 | 490.2 | 7.4 | -7.7 | 12.9 | -1.5 | 2.7 |
Services-producing sector | 3,459.0 | 3,467.5 | 18.1 | 8.5 | 129.0 | 0.2 | 3.9 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 641.3 | 657.3 | 10.1 | 16.0 | 4.3 | 2.5 | 0.7 |
Transportation and warehousing | 234.6 | 221.4 | 5.4 | -13.2 | -6.5 | -5.6 | -2.9 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 280.3 | 269.2 | 5.0 | -11.1 | 0.0 | -4.0 | 0.0 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 369.3 | 369.8 | 6.6 | 0.5 | 14.0 | 0.1 | 3.9 |
Business, building and other support services | 164.6 | 175.2 | 5.9 | 10.6 | 17.7 | 6.4 | 11.2 |
Educational services | 347.3 | 356.1 | 7.0 | 8.8 | -4.7 | 2.5 | -1.3 |
Health care and social assistance | 601.5 | 608.7 | 7.6 | 7.2 | 15.4 | 1.2 | 2.6 |
Information, culture and recreation | 188.1 | 185.5 | 6.0 | -2.6 | 28.4 | -1.4 | 18.1 |
Accommodation and food services | 189.5 | 183.8 | 6.5 | -5.7 | 26.1 | -3.0 | 16.6 |
Other services (except public administration) | 166.0 | 161.8 | 5.2 | -4.2 | 13.2 | -2.5 | 8.9 |
Public administration | 276.5 | 278.6 | 4.5 | 2.1 | 20.8 | 0.8 | 8.1 |
Ontario | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 7,737.2 | 7,739.1 | 26.7 | 1.9 | 533.0 | 0.0 | 7.4 |
Goods-producing sector | 1,552.3 | 1,504.9 | 13.8 | -47.4 | 56.1 | -3.1 | 3.9 |
Agriculture | 68.3 | 63.3 | 3.0 | -5.0 | -9.1 | -7.3 | -12.6 |
Natural resources2 | 42.4 | 42.4 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 7.4 | 0.0 | 21.1 |
Utilities | 62.4 | 60.6 | 2.0 | -1.8 | 9.7 | -2.9 | 19.1 |
Construction | 595.4 | 570.3 | 9.0 | -25.1 | 42.6 | -4.2 | 8.1 |
Manufacturing | 783.8 | 768.3 | 10.3 | -15.5 | 5.6 | -2.0 | 0.7 |
Services-producing sector | 6,184.9 | 6,234.2 | 25.8 | 49.3 | 476.9 | 0.8 | 8.3 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 1,127.8 | 1,144.1 | 14.2 | 16.3 | 139.7 | 1.4 | 13.9 |
Transportation and warehousing | 387.1 | 384.8 | 8.3 | -2.3 | 3.0 | -0.6 | 0.8 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 656.0 | 651.3 | 8.6 | -4.7 | 26.5 | -0.7 | 4.2 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 807.1 | 811.8 | 10.3 | 4.7 | 80.4 | 0.6 | 11.0 |
Business, building and other support services | 287.6 | 291.5 | 8.7 | 3.9 | 10.2 | 1.4 | 3.6 |
Educational services | 567.7 | 582.1 | 9.5 | 14.4 | 49.8 | 2.5 | 9.4 |
Health care and social assistance | 941.1 | 937.1 | 10.3 | -4.0 | 20.9 | -0.4 | 2.3 |
Information, culture and recreation | 341.8 | 347.4 | 9.3 | 5.6 | 66.1 | 1.6 | 23.5 |
Accommodation and food services | 391.0 | 402.7 | 10.2 | 11.7 | 76.6 | 3.0 | 23.5 |
Other services (except public administration) | 257.5 | 254.0 | 8.1 | -3.5 | -22.8 | -1.4 | -8.2 |
Public administration | 420.1 | 427.3 | 5.8 | 7.2 | 26.4 | 1.7 | 6.6 |
Manitoba | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 667.2 | 666.7 | 3.1 | -0.5 | 14.5 | -0.1 | 2.2 |
Goods-producing sector | 136.1 | 135.7 | 1.9 | -0.4 | -10.8 | -0.3 | -7.4 |
Agriculture | 18.8 | 19.0 | 1.0 | 0.2 | -4.7 | 1.1 | -19.8 |
Natural resources2 | 3.2 | 4.4 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 37.5 | 18.9 |
Utilities | 4.9 | 5.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 4.2 |
Construction | 46.9 | 48.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 | -1.6 | 2.3 | -3.2 |
Manufacturing | 62.3 | 59.3 | 1.1 | -3.0 | -5.4 | -4.8 | -8.3 |
Services-producing sector | 531.2 | 531.0 | 3.1 | -0.2 | 25.3 | -0.0 | 5.0 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 97.5 | 96.4 | 1.6 | -1.1 | 0.0 | -1.1 | 0.0 |
Transportation and warehousing | 40.3 | 40.3 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 1.8 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 39.9 | 38.6 | 0.7 | -1.3 | 3.1 | -3.3 | 8.7 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 33.3 | 34.1 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 4.3 |
Business, building and other support services | 22.1 | 20.5 | 0.8 | -1.6 | -1.0 | -7.2 | -4.7 |
Educational services | 59.6 | 61.6 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 4.2 |
Health care and social assistance | 104.8 | 104.4 | 1.5 | -0.4 | -2.3 | -0.4 | -2.2 |
Information, culture and recreation | 23.8 | 23.9 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 4.1 | 0.4 | 20.7 |
Accommodation and food services | 40.2 | 39.5 | 1.2 | -0.7 | 9.3 | -1.7 | 30.8 |
Other services (except public administration) | 27.7 | 28.6 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 3.2 | 7.5 |
Public administration | 42.0 | 43.1 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 5.5 | 2.6 | 14.6 |
Saskatchewan | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 576.6 | 578.1 | 3.1 | 1.5 | 16.9 | 0.3 | 3.0 |
Goods-producing sector | 127.1 | 128.3 | 2.0 | 1.2 | -3.2 | 0.9 | -2.4 |
Agriculture | 25.2 | 25.8 | 1.1 | 0.6 | -4.5 | 2.4 | -14.9 |
Natural resources2 | 18.1 | 17.1 | 0.8 | -1.0 | -3.2 | -5.5 | -15.8 |
Utilities | 6.4 | 6.3 | 0.4 | -0.1 | 0.8 | -1.6 | 14.5 |
Construction | 46.4 | 47.8 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 11.7 |
Manufacturing | 31.0 | 31.3 | 1.0 | 0.3 | -1.2 | 1.0 | -3.7 |
Services-producing sector | 449.5 | 449.8 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 20.0 | 0.1 | 4.7 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 95.7 | 96.7 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 3.3 |
Transportation and warehousing | 26.7 | 24.4 | 0.9 | -2.3 | 1.3 | -8.6 | 5.6 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 31.3 | 30.4 | 0.8 | -0.9 | 3.5 | -2.9 | 13.0 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 27.6 | 28.7 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 4.0 | 0.3 |
Business, building and other support services | 14.0 | 13.3 | 0.9 | -0.7 | -2.5 | -5.0 | -15.8 |
Educational services | 49.2 | 49.1 | 1.1 | -0.1 | 2.5 | -0.2 | 5.4 |
Health care and social assistance | 89.1 | 91.0 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 4.7 | 2.1 | 5.4 |
Information, culture and recreation | 20.5 | 19.1 | 0.9 | -1.4 | 0.9 | -6.8 | 4.9 |
Accommodation and food services | 32.9 | 34.6 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 21.0 |
Other services (except public administration) | 25.9 | 26.2 | 1.0 | 0.3 | -0.2 | 1.2 | -0.8 |
Public administration | 36.5 | 36.4 | 0.9 | -0.1 | 0.7 | -0.3 | 2.0 |
Alberta | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 2,338.1 | 2,365.7 | 12.3 | 27.6 | 145.6 | 1.2 | 6.6 |
Goods-producing sector | 548.0 | 554.3 | 7.1 | 6.3 | -6.6 | 1.1 | -1.2 |
Agriculture | 33.8 | 36.6 | 2.3 | 2.8 | -0.5 | 8.3 | -1.3 |
Natural resources2 | 147.4 | 150.1 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 5.7 | 1.8 | 3.9 |
Utilities | 17.0 | 21.2 | 1.2 | 4.2 | 1.4 | 24.7 | 7.1 |
Construction | 225.1 | 224.6 | 5.0 | -0.5 | -9.3 | -0.2 | -4.0 |
Manufacturing | 124.6 | 121.8 | 3.6 | -2.8 | -4.0 | -2.2 | -3.2 |
Services-producing sector | 1,790.2 | 1,811.4 | 11.6 | 21.2 | 152.1 | 1.2 | 9.2 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 387.3 | 392.8 | 6.1 | 5.5 | 60.4 | 1.4 | 18.2 |
Transportation and warehousing | 124.0 | 132.2 | 3.8 | 8.2 | 5.3 | 6.6 | 4.2 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 114.4 | 117.2 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 0.2 | 2.4 | 0.2 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 196.0 | 206.8 | 4.5 | 10.8 | 19.7 | 5.5 | 10.5 |
Business, building and other support services | 75.1 | 73.2 | 3.6 | -1.9 | -0.3 | -2.5 | -0.4 |
Educational services | 166.9 | 169.2 | 4.2 | 2.3 | -3.3 | 1.4 | -1.9 |
Health care and social assistance | 317.4 | 309.9 | 4.6 | -7.5 | 7.3 | -2.4 | 2.4 |
Information, culture and recreation | 80.2 | 75.4 | 3.6 | -4.8 | 12.4 | -6.0 | 19.7 |
Accommodation and food services | 135.3 | 139.3 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 43.8 | 3.0 | 45.9 |
Other services (except public administration) | 88.3 | 92.7 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 3.1 |
Public administration | 105.2 | 102.7 | 2.6 | -2.5 | 4.1 | -2.4 | 4.2 |
British Columbia | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 2,735.8 | 2,740.9 | 13.3 | 5.1 | 128.6 | 0.2 | 4.9 |
Goods-producing sector | 483.0 | 490.3 | 7.8 | 7.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 0.3 |
Agriculture | 25.1 | 27.6 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 6.4 | 10.0 | 30.2 |
Natural resources2 | 43.6 | 45.1 | 2.8 | 1.5 | -8.9 | 3.4 | -16.5 |
Utilities | 14.8 | 15.7 | 1.0 | 0.9 | -5.1 | 6.1 | -24.5 |
Construction | 214.7 | 227.8 | 5.2 | 13.1 | 11.8 | 6.1 | 5.5 |
Manufacturing | 184.8 | 174.1 | 4.7 | -10.7 | -2.9 | -5.8 | -1.6 |
Services-producing sector | 2,252.8 | 2,250.6 | 13.3 | -2.2 | 127.3 | -0.1 | 6.0 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 430.7 | 433.2 | 7.0 | 2.5 | 40.6 | 0.6 | 10.3 |
Transportation and warehousing | 151.8 | 137.5 | 4.0 | -14.3 | -1.9 | -9.4 | -1.4 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 167.5 | 164.5 | 3.9 | -3.0 | -3.5 | -1.8 | -2.1 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 261.2 | 261.1 | 6.0 | -0.1 | 0.9 | -0.0 | 0.3 |
Business, building and other support services | 97.3 | 100.4 | 4.7 | 3.1 | -6.6 | 3.2 | -6.2 |
Educational services | 200.7 | 197.4 | 4.7 | -3.3 | 14.0 | -1.6 | 7.6 |
Health care and social assistance | 380.3 | 388.9 | 6.1 | 8.6 | 43.0 | 2.3 | 12.4 |
Information, culture and recreation | 134.8 | 142.2 | 5.5 | 7.4 | 14.4 | 5.5 | 11.3 |
Accommodation and food services | 175.4 | 182.2 | 5.6 | 6.8 | 25.3 | 3.9 | 16.1 |
Other services (except public administration) | 113.8 | 107.7 | 3.9 | -6.1 | -3.0 | -5.4 | -2.7 |
Public administration | 139.3 | 135.4 | 3.4 | -3.9 | 3.8 | -2.8 | 2.9 |
Note(s):
The sum of individual categories may not always add up to the total as a result of rounding.
Source(s):
Table 14-10-0355-02.
Table note 1
Average standard error of change between two consecutive months. See the "Data Quality" section of the Guide to the Labour Force Survey (Catalogue number71-543-G) for more information.
Table note 2
Also referred to as "Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction."
- Date modified: