Table 7 
Labour force characteristics by census metropolitan area, three-month moving average, seasonally adjusted 

Labour force characteristics by census metropolitan area, three-month moving average, seasonally adjusted
  November
2021
December
2021
Standard error1 November to December 2021 December 2020 to December 2021 November to December 2021 December 2020 to December 2021
  thousands (except rates)thousands (except rates)thousands (except rates) change in thousands (except rates)change in thousands (except rates) % change% change
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador              
Population 182.3 182.5 ... 0.2 1.1 0.1 0.6
Labour force 121.1 120.7 1.1 -0.4 2.0 -0.3 1.7
Employment 112.7 112.1 1.1 -0.6 3.3 -0.5 3.0
Unemployment 8.4 8.5 0.7 0.1 -1.4 1.2 -14.1
Participation rate 66.4 66.1 0.6 -0.3 0.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.9 7.0 0.6 0.1 -1.3 ... ...
Employment rate 61.8 61.4 0.6 -0.4 1.4 ... ...
Halifax, Nova Scotia              
Population 383.4 384.4 ... 1.0 8.5 0.3 2.3
Labour force 257.9 258.2 1.6 0.3 2.8 0.1 1.1
Employment 241.5 242.1 1.6 0.6 5.6 0.2 2.4
Unemployment 16.4 16.1 1.0 -0.3 -2.9 -1.8 -15.3
Participation rate 67.3 67.2 0.4 -0.1 -0.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.4 6.2 0.4 -0.2 -1.2 ... ...
Employment rate 63.0 63.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 ... ...
Moncton, New Brunswick              
Population 134.9 135.2 ... 0.3 2.4 0.2 1.8
Labour force 94.9 92.6 0.9 -2.3 2.8 -2.4 3.1
Employment 88.3 86.8 1.0 -1.5 5.2 -1.7 6.4
Unemployment 6.6 5.8 0.6 -0.8 -2.4 -12.1 -29.3
Participation rate 70.3 68.5 0.7 -1.8 0.9 ... ...
Unemployment rate 7.0 6.3 0.7 -0.7 -2.8 ... ...
Employment rate 65.5 64.2 0.8 -1.3 2.8 ... ...
Saint John, New Brunswick               
Population 110.9 111.1 ... 0.2 1.1 0.2 1.0
Labour force 68.0 68.7 0.9 0.7 -0.8 1.0 -1.2
Employment 62.2 63.0 0.9 0.8 1.4 1.3 2.3
Unemployment 5.8 5.7 0.5 -0.1 -2.2 -1.7 -27.8
Participation rate 61.3 61.8 0.8 0.5 -1.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 8.5 8.3 0.8 -0.2 -3.1 ... ...
Employment rate 56.1 56.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 ... ...
Saguenay, Quebec              
Population 135.5 135.5 ... 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.1
Labour force 79.4 81.6 1.0 2.2 0.8 2.8 1.0
Employment 76.1 78.7 1.0 2.6 2.5 3.4 3.3
Unemployment 3.3 2.9 0.4 -0.4 -1.7 -12.1 -37.0
Participation rate 58.6 60.2 0.8 1.6 0.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.2 3.6 0.5 -0.6 -2.1 ... ...
Employment rate 56.2 58.1 0.8 1.9 1.9 ... ...
Québec, Quebec              
Population 689.4 689.8 ... 0.4 3.7 0.1 0.5
Labour force 456.1 452.2 3.6 -3.9 -6.4 -0.9 -1.4
Employment 443.2 440.3 3.8 -2.9 1.3 -0.7 0.3
Unemployment 12.9 11.9 1.8 -1.0 -7.7 -7.8 -39.3
Participation rate 66.2 65.6 0.5 -0.6 -1.2 ... ...
Unemployment rate 2.8 2.6 0.4 -0.2 -1.7 ... ...
Employment rate 64.3 63.8 0.5 -0.5 -0.2 ... ...
Sherbrooke, Quebec              
Population 189.0 189.2 ... 0.2 2.2 0.1 1.2
Labour force 116.1 113.6 1.3 -2.5 -2.9 -2.2 -2.5
Employment 112.1 109.9 1.3 -2.2 0.1 -2.0 0.1
Unemployment 3.9 3.7 0.6 -0.2 -3.0 -5.1 -44.8
Participation rate 61.4 60.0 0.7 -1.4 -2.3 ... ...
Unemployment rate 3.4 3.3 0.5 -0.1 -2.5 ... ...
Employment rate 59.3 58.1 0.7 -1.2 -0.6 ... ...
Trois-Rivières, Quebec               
Population 137.2 137.3 ... 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.4
Labour force 80.3 80.7 1.0 0.4 -2.3 0.5 -2.8
Employment 76.6 76.7 1.0 0.1 -1.5 0.1 -1.9
Unemployment 3.7 4.0 0.4 0.3 -0.9 8.1 -18.4
Participation rate 58.5 58.8 0.7 0.3 -1.9 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.6 5.0 0.5 0.4 -0.9 ... ...
Employment rate 55.8 55.9 0.7 0.1 -1.3 ... ...
Montréal, Quebec              
Population 3,648.9 3,651.4 ... 2.5 25.2 0.1 0.7
Labour force 2,438.6 2,441.2 9.9 2.6 29.8 0.1 1.2
Employment 2,296.9 2,311.2 10.5 14.3 96.0 0.6 4.3
Unemployment 141.7 130.0 7.0 -11.7 -66.2 -8.3 -33.7
Participation rate 66.8 66.9 0.3 0.1 0.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.8 5.3 0.3 -0.5 -2.8 ... ...
Employment rate 62.9 63.3 0.3 0.4 2.2 ... ...
Ottawa–Gatineau, Ontario/Quebec               
Population 1,218.8 1,221.0 ... 2.2 21.4 0.2 1.8
Labour force 788.2 785.4 5.3 -2.8 4.1 -0.4 0.5
Employment 753.6 753.3 5.7 -0.3 25.2 -0.0 3.5
Unemployment 34.6 32.1 3.0 -2.5 -21.1 -7.2 -39.7
Participation rate 64.7 64.3 0.4 -0.4 -0.8 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.4 4.1 0.4 -0.3 -2.7 ... ...
Employment rate 61.8 61.7 0.5 -0.1 1.0 ... ...
Ottawa–Gatineau, Quebec part, Ontario/Quebec              
Population 287.6 287.9 ... 0.3 3.2 0.1 1.1
Labour force 184.7 185.0 1.6 0.3 1.6 0.2 0.9
Employment 177.8 177.2 1.6 -0.6 6.7 -0.3 3.9
Unemployment 6.9 7.9 0.8 1.0 -4.9 14.5 -38.3
Participation rate 64.2 64.3 0.6 0.1 -0.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 3.7 4.3 0.4 0.6 -2.7 ... ...
Employment rate 61.8 61.5 0.6 -0.3 1.6 ... ...
Ottawa–Gatineau, Ontario part, Ontario/Quebec              
Population 931.1 933.1 ... 2.0 18.2 0.2 2.0
Labour force 603.5 600.3 5.1 -3.2 2.4 -0.5 0.4
Employment 575.8 576.1 5.4 0.3 18.6 0.1 3.3
Unemployment 27.7 24.2 2.9 -3.5 -16.2 -12.6 -40.1
Participation rate 64.8 64.3 0.6 -0.5 -1.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.6 4.0 0.5 -0.6 -2.8 ... ...
Employment rate 61.8 61.7 0.6 -0.1 0.8 ... ...
Kingston, Ontario              
Population 145.5 145.8 ... 0.3 2.9 0.2 2.0
Labour force 87.8 88.2 0.9 0.4 -1.5 0.5 -1.7
Employment 82.1 82.8 0.9 0.7 -1.7 0.9 -2.0
Unemployment 5.7 5.4 0.5 -0.3 0.1 -5.3 1.9
Participation rate 60.3 60.5 0.6 0.2 -2.3 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.5 6.1 0.5 -0.4 0.2 ... ...
Employment rate 56.4 56.8 0.6 0.4 -2.3 ... ...
Belleville, Ontario              
Population 95.8 98.5 ... 2.7 -4.0 2.8 -3.9
Labour force 53.0 57.0 3.3 4.0 2.2 7.5 4.0
Employment 48.7 53.9 3.3 5.2 0.8 10.7 1.5
Unemployment 4.2 3.1 1.6 -1.1 1.4 -26.2 82.4
Participation rate 55.3 57.9 2.6 2.6 4.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 7.9 5.4 2.8 -2.5 2.3 ... ...
Employment rate 50.8 54.7 2.8 3.9 2.9 ... ...
Peterborough, Ontario              
Population 113.6 113.7 ... 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.8
Labour force 71.2 69.5 1.6 -1.7 7.0 -2.4 11.2
Employment 65.1 62.9 1.7 -2.2 8.4 -3.4 15.4
Unemployment 6.0 6.6 1.0 0.6 -1.5 10.0 -18.5
Participation rate 62.7 61.1 1.5 -1.6 5.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 8.4 9.5 1.5 1.1 -3.5 ... ...
Employment rate 57.3 55.3 1.5 -2.0 7.0 ... ...
Oshawa, Ontario              
Population 347.3 347.9 ... 0.6 5.2 0.2 1.5
Labour force 239.7 242.4 2.2 2.7 9.3 1.1 4.0
Employment 224.9 226.6 2.3 1.7 11.6 0.8 5.4
Unemployment 14.8 15.8 1.2 1.0 -2.4 6.8 -13.2
Participation rate 69.0 69.7 0.6 0.7 1.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.2 6.5 0.5 0.3 -1.3 ... ...
Employment rate 64.8 65.1 0.7 0.3 2.4 ... ...
Toronto, Ontario              
Population 5,591.1 5,599.6 ... 8.5 68.1 0.2 1.2
Labour force 3,827.5 3,836.3 14.0 8.8 85.6 0.2 2.3
Employment 3,532.7 3,559.0 14.0 26.3 210.7 0.7 6.3
Unemployment 294.8 277.3 10.1 -17.5 -125.1 -5.9 -31.1
Participation rate 68.5 68.5 0.3 0.0 0.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 7.7 7.2 0.3 -0.5 -3.5 ... ...
Employment rate 63.2 63.6 0.3 0.4 3.1 ... ...
Hamilton, Ontario              
Population 668.8 669.5 ... 0.7 4.7 0.1 0.7
Labour force 434.5 436.5 4.2 2.0 11.4 0.5 2.7
Employment 409.7 411.3 4.3 1.6 20.0 0.4 5.1
Unemployment 24.9 25.3 2.5 0.4 -8.5 1.6 -25.1
Participation rate 65.0 65.2 0.6 0.2 1.3 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.7 5.8 0.6 0.1 -2.2 ... ...
Employment rate 61.3 61.4 0.6 0.1 2.5 ... ...
St. Catharines–Niagara, Ontario               
Population 373.9 374.3 ... 0.4 2.0 0.1 0.5
Labour force 227.0 223.4 2.5 -3.6 6.8 -1.6 3.1
Employment 209.9 206.5 2.5 -3.4 9.8 -1.6 5.0
Unemployment 17.1 16.9 1.5 -0.2 -2.9 -1.2 -14.6
Participation rate 60.7 59.7 0.7 -1.0 1.5 ... ...
Unemployment rate 7.5 7.6 0.7 0.1 -1.5 ... ...
Employment rate 56.1 55.2 0.7 -0.9 2.4 ... ...
Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo, Ontario              
Population 502.5 503.4 ... 0.9 7.0 0.2 1.4
Labour force 349.8 350.5 2.7 0.7 7.7 0.2 2.2
Employment 329.8 331.2 2.7 1.4 17.2 0.4 5.5
Unemployment 20.0 19.3 1.8 -0.7 -9.5 -3.5 -33.0
Participation rate 69.6 69.6 0.5 0.0 0.5 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.7 5.5 0.5 -0.2 -2.9 ... ...
Employment rate 65.6 65.8 0.5 0.2 2.5 ... ...
Brantford, Ontario              
Population 119.6 119.7 ... 0.1 1.1 0.1 0.9
Labour force 79.9 79.4 0.9 -0.5 -0.1 -0.6 -0.1
Employment 73.8 73.6 1.0 -0.2 -0.6 -0.3 -0.8
Unemployment 6.1 5.7 0.5 -0.4 0.4 -6.6 7.5
Participation rate 66.8 66.3 0.8 -0.5 -0.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 7.6 7.2 0.6 -0.4 0.5 ... ...
Employment rate 61.7 61.5 0.8 -0.2 -1.1 ... ...
Guelph, Ontario              
Population 141.4 141.6 ... 0.2 2.1 0.1 1.5
Labour force 99.2 100.0 1.4 0.8 9.0 0.8 9.9
Employment 94.7 96.1 1.5 1.4 10.2 1.5 11.9
Unemployment 4.5 3.9 0.7 -0.6 -1.2 -13.3 -23.5
Participation rate 70.2 70.6 1.0 0.4 5.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.5 3.9 0.8 -0.6 -1.7 ... ...
Employment rate 67.0 67.9 1.1 0.9 6.3 ... ...
London, Ontario              
Population 470.2 471.0 ... 0.8 6.3 0.2 1.4
Labour force 308.0 309.7 3.3 1.7 21.4 0.6 7.4
Employment 288.4 291.9 3.4 3.5 25.9 1.2 9.7
Unemployment 19.6 17.8 1.6 -1.8 -4.5 -9.2 -20.2
Participation rate 65.5 65.8 0.7 0.3 3.8 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.4 5.7 0.5 -0.7 -2.0 ... ...
Employment rate 61.3 62.0 0.7 0.7 4.8 ... ...
Windsor, Ontario              
Population 306.1 306.5 ... 0.4 2.3 0.1 0.8
Labour force 191.5 196.9 2.8 5.4 25.6 2.8 14.9
Employment 175.9 183.3 2.8 7.4 31.2 4.2 20.5
Unemployment 15.6 13.6 1.3 -2.0 -5.6 -12.8 -29.2
Participation rate 62.6 64.2 0.9 1.6 7.9 ... ...
Unemployment rate 8.1 6.9 0.7 -1.2 -4.3 ... ...
Employment rate 57.5 59.8 0.9 2.3 9.8 ... ...
Barrie, Ontario              
Population 182.2 182.4 ... 0.2 2.0 0.1 1.1
Labour force 126.1 123.1 1.9 -3.0 -4.1 -2.4 -3.2
Employment 120.3 116.4 2.1 -3.9 4.4 -3.2 3.9
Unemployment 5.8 6.7 1.4 0.9 -8.6 15.5 -56.2
Participation rate 69.2 67.5 1.0 -1.7 -3.0 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.6 5.4 1.0 0.8 -6.6 ... ...
Employment rate 66.0 63.8 1.2 -2.2 1.7 ... ...
Greater Sudbury, Ontario              
Population 145.7 145.8 ... 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1
Labour force 89.7 89.3 1.1 -0.4 1.1 -0.4 1.2
Employment 84.1 84.2 1.1 0.1 2.7 0.1 3.3
Unemployment 5.6 5.1 0.5 -0.5 -1.6 -8.9 -23.9
Participation rate 61.6 61.2 0.7 -0.4 0.6 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.2 5.7 0.6 -0.5 -1.9 ... ...
Employment rate 57.7 57.8 0.7 0.1 1.8 ... ...
Thunder Bay, Ontario              
Population 106.4 106.5 ... 0.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.2
Labour force 67.1 67.7 0.7 0.6 1.6 0.9 2.4
Employment 62.7 63.3 0.7 0.6 2.2 1.0 3.6
Unemployment 4.4 4.5 0.3 0.1 -0.5 2.3 -10.0
Participation rate 63.1 63.6 0.7 0.5 1.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.6 6.6 0.5 0.0 -1.0 ... ...
Employment rate 58.9 59.4 0.7 0.5 2.1 ... ...
Winnipeg, Manitoba              
Population 705.3 705.9 ... 0.6 5.0 0.1 0.7
Labour force 477.0 476.0 1.6 -1.0 9.3 -0.2 2.0
Employment 449.9 450.4 1.7 0.5 23.7 0.1 5.6
Unemployment 27.1 25.5 1.1 -1.6 -14.5 -5.9 -36.3
Participation rate 67.6 67.4 0.2 -0.2 0.8 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.7 5.4 0.2 -0.3 -3.2 ... ...
Employment rate 63.8 63.8 0.2 0.0 2.9 ... ...
Regina, Saskatchewan              
Population 216.5 216.7 ... 0.2 2.4 0.1 1.1
Labour force 146.5 145.8 1.2 -0.7 0.1 -0.5 0.1
Employment 138.4 137.5 1.2 -0.9 1.1 -0.7 0.8
Unemployment 8.1 8.2 0.7 0.1 -1.0 1.2 -10.9
Participation rate 67.7 67.3 0.5 -0.4 -0.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.5 5.6 0.5 0.1 -0.7 ... ...
Employment rate 63.9 63.5 0.6 -0.4 -0.1 ... ...
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan              
Population 274.9 275.3 ... 0.4 4.6 0.1 1.7
Labour force 190.5 194.3 1.3 3.8 11.7 2.0 6.4
Employment 178.3 183.6 1.3 5.3 16.0 3.0 9.5
Unemployment 12.2 10.7 0.7 -1.5 -4.3 -12.3 -28.7
Participation rate 69.3 70.6 0.5 1.3 3.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.4 5.5 0.4 -0.9 -2.7 ... ...
Employment rate 64.9 66.7 0.5 1.8 4.8 ... ...
Lethbridge, Alberta              
Population 105.7 105.9 ... 0.2 1.4 0.2 1.3
Labour force 67.6 68.4 1.0 0.8 0.0 1.2 0.0
Employment 63.5 63.8 1.0 0.3 1.9 0.5 3.1
Unemployment 4.1 4.6 0.6 0.5 -1.9 12.2 -29.2
Participation rate 64.0 64.6 1.0 0.6 -0.9 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.1 6.7 0.8 0.6 -2.8 ... ...
Employment rate 60.1 60.2 1.0 0.1 1.0 ... ...
Calgary, Alberta              
Population 1,272.9 1,275.4 ... 2.5 19.3 0.2 1.5
Labour force 906.9 907.8 5.1 0.9 -10.0 0.1 -1.1
Employment 833.0 833.8 5.4 0.8 12.7 0.1 1.5
Unemployment 73.9 74.0 3.6 0.1 -22.7 0.1 -23.5
Participation rate 71.2 71.2 0.4 0.0 -1.9 ... ...
Unemployment rate 8.1 8.2 0.4 0.1 -2.3 ... ...
Employment rate 65.4 65.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 ... ...
Edmonton, Alberta              
Population 1,208.5 1,211.0 ... 2.5 19.3 0.2 1.6
Labour force 850.7 847.4 5.1 -3.3 31.3 -0.4 3.8
Employment 785.9 791.6 5.3 5.7 68.4 0.7 9.5
Unemployment 64.8 55.8 3.5 -9.0 -37.2 -13.9 -40.0
Participation rate 70.4 70.0 0.4 -0.4 1.5 ... ...
Unemployment rate 7.6 6.6 0.4 -1.0 -4.8 ... ...
Employment rate 65.0 65.4 0.4 0.4 4.7 ... ...
Kelowna, British Columbia               
Population 185.6 186.1 ... 0.5 4.3 0.3 2.4
Labour force 117.0 115.4 1.8 -1.6 -4.5 -1.4 -3.8
Employment 111.8 109.5 1.7 -2.3 -4.9 -2.1 -4.3
Unemployment 5.2 5.9 0.9 0.7 0.4 13.5 7.3
Participation rate 63.0 62.0 1.0 -1.0 -4.0 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.4 5.1 0.7 0.7 0.5 ... ...
Employment rate 60.2 58.8 1.0 -1.4 -4.1 ... ...
Abbotsford–Mission, British Columbia              
Population 172.2 172.5 ... 0.3 2.5 0.2 1.5
Labour force 112.8 112.9 1.1 0.1 -0.9 0.1 -0.8
Employment 103.4 104.6 1.1 1.2 0.3 1.2 0.3
Unemployment 9.3 8.4 0.6 -0.9 -1.0 -9.7 -10.6
Participation rate 65.5 65.4 0.7 -0.1 -1.5 ... ...
Unemployment rate 8.2 7.4 0.5 -0.8 -0.9 ... ...
Employment rate 60.0 60.6 0.7 0.6 -0.8 ... ...
Vancouver, British Columbia               
Population 2,365.1 2,369.2 ... 4.1 29.6 0.2 1.3
Labour force 1,612.5 1,609.8 7.7 -2.7 56.3 -0.2 3.6
Employment 1,517.2 1,518.4 7.8 1.2 79.0 0.1 5.5
Unemployment 95.3 91.3 5.4 -4.0 -22.8 -4.2 -20.0
Participation rate 68.2 67.9 0.3 -0.3 1.5 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.9 5.7 0.3 -0.2 -1.6 ... ...
Employment rate 64.1 64.1 0.3 0.0 2.6 ... ...
Victoria, British Columbia               
Population 349.7 350.5 ... 0.8 7.4 0.2 2.2
Labour force 216.8 219.6 2.4 2.8 3.8 1.3 1.8
Employment 208.2 211.1 2.4 2.9 7.9 1.4 3.9
Unemployment 8.6 8.5 1.2 -0.1 -4.1 -1.2 -32.5
Participation rate 62.0 62.7 0.7 0.7 -0.2 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.0 3.9 0.5 -0.1 -1.9 ... ...
Employment rate 59.5 60.2 0.7 0.7 1.0 ... ...
...
not applicable
Note(s):
The sum of individual categories may not always add up to the total as a result of rounding.
Source(s):
Date modified: