Table 6
Employment by province and industry, seasonally adjusted
November 2021 |
December 2021 |
Standard error1 | November to December 2021 | December 2020 to December 2021 | November to December 2021 | December 2020 to December 2021 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
thousands | thousands | thousands | change in thousands | change in thousands | % change | % change | |
Newfoundland and Labrador | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 228.9 | 224.3 | 2.6 | -4.6 | -0.5 | -2.0 | -0.2 |
Goods-producing sector | 47.4 | 44.5 | 1.6 | -2.9 | 2.2 | -6.1 | 5.2 |
Agriculture | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.1 | -0.7 | 20.0 | -53.8 |
Natural resources2 | 15.3 | 15.2 | 0.9 | -0.1 | 1.6 | -0.7 | 11.8 |
Utilities | 1.3 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | -1.4 | 7.7 | -50.0 |
Construction | 16.9 | 17.4 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 3.0 | 5.5 |
Manufacturing | 13.3 | 9.9 | 0.8 | -3.4 | 1.7 | -25.6 | 20.7 |
Services-producing sector | 181.5 | 179.8 | 2.3 | -1.7 | -2.7 | -0.9 | -1.5 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 38.3 | 36.9 | 1.3 | -1.4 | -0.1 | -3.7 | -0.3 |
Transportation and warehousing | 9.1 | 8.8 | 0.7 | -0.3 | -0.4 | -3.3 | -4.3 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 5.8 | 5.7 | 0.6 | -0.1 | -2.3 | -1.7 | -28.8 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 10.8 | 11.3 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 4.6 | 0.9 |
Business, building and other support services | 6.8 | 6.7 | 0.7 | -0.1 | 0.4 | -1.5 | 6.3 |
Educational services | 18.3 | 18.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 9.9 |
Health care and social assistance | 43.9 | 44.3 | 1.1 | 0.4 | -0.6 | 0.9 | -1.3 |
Information, culture and recreation | 7.7 | 7.9 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 19.7 |
Accommodation and food services | 12.7 | 11.8 | 0.9 | -0.9 | -4.3 | -7.1 | -26.7 |
Other services (except public administration) | 8.2 | 7.6 | 0.7 | -0.6 | -0.3 | -7.3 | -3.8 |
Public administration | 19.9 | 20.0 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 8.7 |
Prince Edward Island | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 82.9 | 83.3 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 5.8 | 0.5 | 7.5 |
Goods-producing sector | 21.9 | 21.1 | 0.5 | -0.8 | 1.6 | -3.7 | 8.2 |
Agriculture | 4.3 | 3.7 | 0.3 | -0.6 | 0.4 | -14.0 | 12.1 |
Natural resources2 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 0.3 | -0.2 | -0.9 | -9.1 | -31.0 |
Utilities | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.0 | -0.1 | 0.1 | -25.0 | 50.0 |
Construction | 6.1 | 6.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 6.6 | 6.6 |
Manufacturing | 8.8 | 8.5 | 0.3 | -0.3 | 1.5 | -3.4 | 21.4 |
Services-producing sector | 61.1 | 62.2 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 4.3 | 1.8 | 7.4 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 11.5 | 11.7 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 11.4 |
Transportation and warehousing | 2.5 | 1.9 | 0.2 | -0.6 | -0.8 | -24.0 | -29.6 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 0.2 | 0.0 | -0.1 | 0.0 | -3.8 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 4.7 | 4.7 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 14.6 |
Business, building and other support services | 2.1 | 1.8 | 0.3 | -0.3 | -0.5 | -14.3 | -21.7 |
Educational services | 6.1 | 6.0 | 0.2 | -0.1 | -0.2 | -1.6 | -3.2 |
Health care and social assistance | 12.1 | 12.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 6.0 |
Information, culture and recreation | 2.8 | 3.6 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 28.6 | 50.0 |
Accommodation and food services | 4.7 | 4.9 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 4.3 | 8.9 |
Other services (except public administration) | 3.2 | 3.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 43.5 |
Public administration | 8.9 | 9.4 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 5.6 | 8.0 |
Nova Scotia | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 470.4 | 470.5 | 3.2 | 0.1 | 15.6 | 0.0 | 3.4 |
Goods-producing sector | 88.3 | 89.0 | 2.0 | 0.7 | -0.1 | 0.8 | -0.1 |
Agriculture | 6.1 | 6.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | -1.5 | 13.1 | -17.9 |
Natural resources2 | 8.3 | 9.5 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 14.5 | 8.0 |
Utilities | 5.3 | 5.8 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 9.4 | 28.9 |
Construction | 35.8 | 34.0 | 1.4 | -1.8 | -1.3 | -5.0 | -3.7 |
Manufacturing | 32.8 | 32.7 | 1.0 | -0.1 | 0.5 | -0.3 | 1.6 |
Services-producing sector | 382.2 | 381.5 | 3.0 | -0.7 | 15.7 | -0.2 | 4.3 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 76.5 | 73.8 | 1.7 | -2.7 | 2.4 | -3.5 | 3.4 |
Transportation and warehousing | 25.7 | 24.7 | 0.9 | -1.0 | 5.2 | -3.9 | 26.7 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 22.3 | 22.0 | 0.9 | -0.3 | -1.4 | -1.3 | -6.0 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 36.4 | 37.4 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 4.3 | 2.7 | 13.0 |
Business, building and other support services | 18.8 | 18.8 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 2.2 |
Educational services | 38.1 | 38.9 | 1.3 | 0.8 | -1.3 | 2.1 | -3.2 |
Health care and social assistance | 75.2 | 75.1 | 1.3 | -0.1 | 1.8 | -0.1 | 2.5 |
Information, culture and recreation | 14.4 | 14.1 | 1.0 | -0.3 | 0.5 | -2.1 | 3.7 |
Accommodation and food services | 28.2 | 29.4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 15.3 |
Other services (except public administration) | 16.4 | 16.2 | 0.9 | -0.2 | -0.3 | -1.2 | -1.8 |
Public administration | 30.1 | 31.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 3.3 | 0.6 |
New Brunswick | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 365.7 | 363.8 | 2.6 | -1.9 | 3.1 | -0.5 | 0.9 |
Goods-producing sector | 76.6 | 75.7 | 1.6 | -0.9 | 5.1 | -1.2 | 7.2 |
Agriculture | 6.4 | 6.0 | 0.6 | -0.4 | 1.8 | -6.3 | 42.9 |
Natural resources2 | 9.5 | 8.7 | 0.8 | -0.8 | -0.4 | -8.4 | -4.4 |
Utilities | 4.0 | 4.7 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 17.5 | 23.7 |
Construction | 26.8 | 27.3 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 14.7 |
Manufacturing | 30.0 | 29.0 | 1.0 | -1.0 | -0.7 | -3.3 | -2.4 |
Services-producing sector | 289.2 | 288.1 | 2.3 | -1.1 | -2.0 | -0.4 | -0.7 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 55.6 | 54.3 | 1.1 | -1.3 | -2.8 | -2.3 | -4.9 |
Transportation and warehousing | 18.4 | 18.7 | 0.7 | 0.3 | -0.3 | 1.6 | -1.6 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 17.5 | 17.3 | 0.6 | -0.2 | -0.6 | -1.1 | -3.4 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 18.6 | 19.6 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 5.4 | 8.9 |
Business, building and other support services | 15.1 | 15.5 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 0.0 |
Educational services | 30.6 | 30.9 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 12.0 |
Health care and social assistance | 56.2 | 56.4 | 1.1 | 0.2 | -4.3 | 0.4 | -7.1 |
Information, culture and recreation | 8.3 | 8.4 | 0.6 | 0.1 | -2.2 | 1.2 | -20.8 |
Accommodation and food services | 21.8 | 20.0 | 1.0 | -1.8 | -0.6 | -8.3 | -2.9 |
Other services (except public administration) | 14.8 | 14.9 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 4.9 |
Public administration | 32.1 | 32.2 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 0.3 | 11.8 |
Quebec | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 4,364.5 | 4,358.3 | 19.7 | -6.2 | 158.3 | -0.1 | 3.8 |
Goods-producing sector | 890.6 | 906.9 | 10.3 | 16.3 | 40.5 | 1.8 | 4.7 |
Agriculture | 51.4 | 53.5 | 2.7 | 2.1 | -7.8 | 4.1 | -12.7 |
Natural resources2 | 40.3 | 38.7 | 2.3 | -1.6 | 2.2 | -4.0 | 6.0 |
Utilities | 27.1 | 26.8 | 1.6 | -0.3 | 0.3 | -1.1 | 1.1 |
Construction | 279.0 | 292.9 | 7.0 | 13.9 | 36.4 | 5.0 | 14.2 |
Manufacturing | 492.7 | 494.9 | 7.3 | 2.2 | 9.3 | 0.4 | 1.9 |
Services-producing sector | 3,473.9 | 3,451.3 | 18.7 | -22.6 | 117.7 | -0.7 | 3.5 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 649.4 | 640.9 | 9.7 | -8.5 | -22.5 | -1.3 | -3.4 |
Transportation and warehousing | 234.9 | 234.8 | 5.4 | -0.1 | -3.4 | -0.0 | -1.4 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 286.6 | 283.1 | 5.2 | -3.5 | 29.5 | -1.2 | 11.6 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 387.1 | 385.4 | 6.7 | -1.7 | 12.6 | -0.4 | 3.4 |
Business, building and other support services | 162.4 | 169.7 | 6.3 | 7.3 | 1.0 | 4.5 | 0.6 |
Educational services | 347.7 | 353.9 | 6.8 | 6.2 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 1.0 |
Health care and social assistance | 610.2 | 598.1 | 8.0 | -12.1 | 14.0 | -2.0 | 2.4 |
Information, culture and recreation | 162.9 | 162.7 | 6.2 | -0.2 | 18.5 | -0.1 | 12.8 |
Accommodation and food services | 192.2 | 191.8 | 7.1 | -0.4 | 26.4 | -0.2 | 16.0 |
Other services (except public administration) | 162.9 | 161.0 | 5.0 | -1.9 | 13.5 | -1.2 | 9.2 |
Public administration | 277.6 | 270.0 | 4.1 | -7.6 | 24.7 | -2.7 | 10.1 |
Ontario | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 7,604.8 | 7,651.7 | 28.4 | 46.9 | 412.7 | 0.6 | 5.7 |
Goods-producing sector | 1,480.3 | 1,500.3 | 14.3 | 20.0 | 7.2 | 1.4 | 0.5 |
Agriculture | 68.5 | 65.7 | 3.3 | -2.8 | -7.7 | -4.1 | -10.5 |
Natural resources2 | 37.3 | 39.2 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 5.1 | 6.2 |
Utilities | 55.3 | 58.4 | 1.6 | 3.1 | 7.9 | 5.6 | 15.6 |
Construction | 544.4 | 546.1 | 9.5 | 1.7 | 6.5 | 0.3 | 1.2 |
Manufacturing | 774.9 | 791.1 | 10.5 | 16.2 | -1.6 | 2.1 | -0.2 |
Services-producing sector | 6,124.5 | 6,151.4 | 27.1 | 26.9 | 405.4 | 0.4 | 7.1 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 1,141.8 | 1,159.7 | 15.0 | 17.9 | 93.6 | 1.6 | 8.8 |
Transportation and warehousing | 382.1 | 384.4 | 8.6 | 2.3 | 35.0 | 0.6 | 10.0 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 637.0 | 640.7 | 8.9 | 3.7 | 9.8 | 0.6 | 1.6 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 768.8 | 767.1 | 10.5 | -1.7 | 69.6 | -0.2 | 10.0 |
Business, building and other support services | 291.3 | 292.8 | 8.2 | 1.5 | 18.3 | 0.5 | 6.7 |
Educational services | 553.0 | 563.0 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 27.5 | 1.8 | 5.1 |
Health care and social assistance | 936.8 | 931.4 | 10.1 | -5.4 | 46.4 | -0.6 | 5.2 |
Information, culture and recreation | 348.7 | 341.4 | 9.4 | -7.3 | 55.2 | -2.1 | 19.3 |
Accommodation and food services | 392.7 | 392.5 | 10.5 | -0.2 | 54.7 | -0.1 | 16.2 |
Other services (except public administration) | 254.6 | 258.4 | 8.2 | 3.8 | -35.6 | 1.5 | -12.1 |
Public administration | 417.8 | 420.1 | 5.4 | 2.3 | 31.2 | 0.6 | 8.0 |
Manitoba | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 660.1 | 662.6 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 37.1 | 0.4 | 5.9 |
Goods-producing sector | 140.9 | 140.3 | 1.8 | -0.6 | -2.6 | -0.4 | -1.8 |
Agriculture | 23.1 | 21.0 | 0.9 | -2.1 | -3.7 | -9.1 | -15.0 |
Natural resources2 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 0.4 | 0.0 | -0.9 | 0.0 | -20.5 |
Utilities | 4.9 | 4.9 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 4.3 |
Construction | 46.3 | 47.6 | 1.2 | 1.3 | -0.2 | 2.8 | -0.4 |
Manufacturing | 63.1 | 63.3 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 3.3 |
Services-producing sector | 519.1 | 522.4 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 39.9 | 0.6 | 8.3 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 97.1 | 99.8 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 8.8 | 2.8 | 9.7 |
Transportation and warehousing | 42.0 | 42.3 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 3.4 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 37.2 | 37.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 2.6 | 1.3 | 7.4 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 31.1 | 31.6 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 3.9 |
Business, building and other support services | 20.2 | 19.7 | 0.9 | -0.5 | -1.9 | -2.5 | -8.8 |
Educational services | 59.0 | 58.8 | 1.2 | -0.2 | 3.2 | -0.3 | 5.8 |
Health care and social assistance | 104.1 | 103.6 | 1.4 | -0.5 | 2.9 | -0.5 | 2.9 |
Information, culture and recreation | 24.7 | 26.3 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 6.9 | 6.5 | 35.6 |
Accommodation and food services | 36.8 | 35.1 | 1.2 | -1.7 | 8.5 | -4.6 | 32.0 |
Other services (except public administration) | 27.1 | 27.5 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 6.6 |
Public administration | 39.7 | 39.9 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 4.4 | 0.5 | 12.4 |
Saskatchewan | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 562.6 | 568.6 | 3.0 | 6.0 | 23.4 | 1.1 | 4.3 |
Goods-producing sector | 124.1 | 125.9 | 2.0 | 1.8 | -3.0 | 1.5 | -2.3 |
Agriculture | 24.0 | 23.9 | 1.1 | -0.1 | -8.6 | -0.4 | -26.5 |
Natural resources2 | 18.2 | 19.5 | 0.8 | 1.3 | -1.0 | 7.1 | -4.9 |
Utilities | 6.3 | 6.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
Construction | 42.7 | 44.5 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 12.1 |
Manufacturing | 32.8 | 31.7 | 0.9 | -1.1 | 1.8 | -3.4 | 6.0 |
Services-producing sector | 438.5 | 442.7 | 2.9 | 4.2 | 26.4 | 1.0 | 6.3 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 96.8 | 95.5 | 1.6 | -1.3 | 7.4 | -1.3 | 8.4 |
Transportation and warehousing | 25.6 | 26.2 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 6.9 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 31.6 | 30.9 | 0.8 | -0.7 | 4.3 | -2.2 | 16.2 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 26.5 | 28.9 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 9.1 | 2.8 |
Business, building and other support services | 15.5 | 15.6 | 0.9 | 0.1 | -0.4 | 0.6 | -2.5 |
Educational services | 46.5 | 46.3 | 1.1 | -0.2 | 3.9 | -0.4 | 9.2 |
Health care and social assistance | 89.2 | 89.8 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 8.2 | 0.7 | 10.0 |
Information, culture and recreation | 16.5 | 16.9 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 3.7 | 2.4 | 28.0 |
Accommodation and food services | 31.2 | 32.8 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 5.1 | 8.6 |
Other services (except public administration) | 24.7 | 25.1 | 1.1 | 0.4 | -5.6 | 1.6 | -18.2 |
Public administration | 34.4 | 34.7 | 0.8 | 0.3 | -0.2 | 0.9 | -0.6 |
Alberta | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 2,279.3 | 2,290.4 | 12.8 | 11.1 | 129.8 | 0.5 | 6.0 |
Goods-producing sector | 529.4 | 535.6 | 7.6 | 6.2 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.1 |
Agriculture | 33.6 | 32.5 | 2.5 | -1.1 | -5.4 | -3.3 | -14.2 |
Natural resources2 | 139.1 | 142.8 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 5.7 | 2.7 | 4.2 |
Utilities | 19.0 | 17.4 | 1.2 | -1.6 | -5.5 | -8.4 | -24.0 |
Construction | 219.6 | 224.0 | 5.3 | 4.4 | 12.8 | 2.0 | 6.1 |
Manufacturing | 118.2 | 118.9 | 3.8 | 0.7 | -7.2 | 0.6 | -5.7 |
Services-producing sector | 1,750.0 | 1,754.8 | 11.8 | 4.8 | 129.3 | 0.3 | 8.0 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 361.7 | 356.1 | 6.1 | -5.6 | 28.5 | -1.5 | 8.7 |
Transportation and warehousing | 139.4 | 136.9 | 3.8 | -2.5 | 8.7 | -1.8 | 6.8 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 121.2 | 117.4 | 3.1 | -3.8 | 8.7 | -3.1 | 8.0 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 193.0 | 196.1 | 4.4 | 3.1 | 22.4 | 1.6 | 12.9 |
Business, building and other support services | 71.4 | 69.0 | 3.8 | -2.4 | 2.5 | -3.4 | 3.8 |
Educational services | 166.3 | 163.8 | 4.1 | -2.5 | 11.7 | -1.5 | 7.7 |
Health care and social assistance | 303.6 | 311.0 | 4.9 | 7.4 | 8.5 | 2.4 | 2.8 |
Information, culture and recreation | 69.2 | 68.0 | 3.7 | -1.2 | 5.0 | -1.7 | 7.9 |
Accommodation and food services | 118.6 | 123.7 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 20.5 | 4.3 | 19.9 |
Other services (except public administration) | 98.7 | 102.6 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 5.9 | 4.0 | 6.1 |
Public administration | 106.9 | 110.2 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 6.9 | 3.1 | 6.7 |
British Columbia | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 2,696.9 | 2,697.3 | 14.5 | 0.4 | 100.5 | 0.0 | 3.9 |
Goods-producing sector | 484.1 | 488.1 | 7.8 | 4.0 | -10.0 | 0.8 | -2.0 |
Agriculture | 21.4 | 27.5 | 2.5 | 6.1 | -3.3 | 28.5 | -10.7 |
Natural resources2 | 46.2 | 42.2 | 2.8 | -4.0 | -7.9 | -8.7 | -15.8 |
Utilities | 14.2 | 14.4 | 1.2 | 0.2 | -4.1 | 1.4 | -22.2 |
Construction | 209.1 | 213.6 | 5.3 | 4.5 | -6.8 | 2.2 | -3.1 |
Manufacturing | 193.3 | 190.4 | 4.9 | -2.9 | 12.1 | -1.5 | 6.8 |
Services-producing sector | 2,212.8 | 2,209.2 | 14.4 | -3.6 | 110.5 | -0.2 | 5.3 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 419.6 | 422.1 | 7.4 | 2.5 | 36.4 | 0.6 | 9.4 |
Transportation and warehousing | 143.4 | 142.5 | 4.0 | -0.9 | 2.6 | -0.6 | 1.9 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 167.0 | 160.7 | 3.9 | -6.3 | -0.7 | -3.8 | -0.4 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 250.5 | 243.7 | 5.5 | -6.8 | 3.4 | -2.7 | 1.4 |
Business, building and other support services | 103.5 | 104.7 | 4.8 | 1.2 | -6.0 | 1.2 | -5.4 |
Educational services | 193.2 | 195.6 | 5.1 | 2.4 | 5.0 | 1.2 | 2.6 |
Health care and social assistance | 377.9 | 383.2 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 46.0 | 1.4 | 13.6 |
Information, culture and recreation | 132.0 | 133.6 | 5.4 | 1.6 | 17.2 | 1.2 | 14.8 |
Accommodation and food services | 180.2 | 173.5 | 5.8 | -6.7 | -8.9 | -3.7 | -4.9 |
Other services (except public administration) | 105.4 | 107.2 | 4.2 | 1.8 | 3.6 | 1.7 | 3.5 |
Public administration | 140.1 | 142.4 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 12.0 | 1.6 | 9.2 |
Note(s):
The sum of individual categories may not always add up to the total as a result of rounding.
Source(s):
Table 14-10-0355-02.
Table note 1
Average standard error of change between two consecutive months. See the "Data Quality" section of the Guide to the Labour Force Survey (Catalogue number71-543-G) for more information.
Table note 2
Also referred to as "Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction."
- Date modified: