Table 6
Employment by province and industry, seasonally adjusted
August 2021 |
September 2021 |
Standard error1 | August to September 2021 | September 2020 to September 2021 | August to September 2021 | September 2020 to September 2021 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
thousands | thousands | thousands | change in thousands | change in thousands | % change | % change | |
Newfoundland and Labrador | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 221.4 | 220.6 | 2.6 | -0.8 | 3.2 | -0.4 | 1.5 |
Goods-producing sector | 43.6 | 41.9 | 1.6 | -1.7 | 0.2 | -3.9 | 0.5 |
Agriculture | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.4 | -0.4 | 0.6 | -22.2 | 75.0 |
Natural resources2 | 13.0 | 13.5 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 3.8 | 10.7 |
Utilities | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.2 | -0.1 | -1.3 | -6.3 | -46.4 |
Construction | 16.0 | 15.9 | 1.1 | -0.1 | 0.8 | -0.6 | 5.3 |
Manufacturing | 11.2 | 9.6 | 0.8 | -1.6 | -1.2 | -14.3 | -11.1 |
Services-producing sector | 177.8 | 178.8 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 0.6 | 1.8 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 36.8 | 37.6 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 8.0 |
Transportation and warehousing | 9.1 | 9.1 | 0.7 | 0.0 | -0.4 | 0.0 | -4.2 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 6.3 | 6.9 | 0.6 | 0.6 | -0.8 | 9.5 | -10.4 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 11.0 | 11.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 5.5 | 10.5 |
Business, building and other support services | 5.9 | 6.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 13.6 | 31.4 |
Educational services | 16.3 | 17.9 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 9.8 | 6.5 |
Health care and social assistance | 44.7 | 41.9 | 1.1 | -2.8 | -0.7 | -6.3 | -1.6 |
Information, culture and recreation | 7.2 | 6.4 | 0.7 | -0.8 | 0.1 | -11.1 | 1.6 |
Accommodation and food services | 12.8 | 12.7 | 0.9 | -0.1 | -2.8 | -0.8 | -18.1 |
Other services (except public administration) | 7.8 | 7.9 | 0.7 | 0.1 | -1.5 | 1.3 | -16.0 |
Public administration | 20.1 | 20.0 | 0.7 | -0.1 | 2.5 | -0.5 | 14.3 |
Prince Edward Island | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 79.0 | 79.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 3.5 | 0.8 | 4.6 |
Goods-producing sector | 18.3 | 18.3 | 0.5 | 0.0 | -1.4 | 0.0 | -7.1 |
Agriculture | 3.8 | 3.0 | 0.3 | -0.8 | -0.6 | -21.1 | -16.7 |
Natural resources2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 15.0 |
Utilities | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.0 | -0.1 | 0.2 | -20.0 | 100.0 |
Construction | 5.1 | 5.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | -1.1 | 7.8 | -16.7 |
Manufacturing | 6.6 | 7.0 | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.3 | 6.1 | -4.1 |
Services-producing sector | 60.7 | 61.3 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 4.9 | 1.0 | 8.7 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 11.5 | 11.4 | 0.4 | -0.1 | 1.0 | -0.9 | 9.6 |
Transportation and warehousing | 2.5 | 2.7 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 8.0 | 3.8 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 2.7 | 2.6 | 0.2 | -0.1 | -0.1 | -3.7 | -3.7 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 4.4 | 4.4 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Business, building and other support services | 2.6 | 2.6 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 44.4 |
Educational services | 6.6 | 6.1 | 0.2 | -0.5 | 0.4 | -7.6 | 7.0 |
Health care and social assistance | 11.9 | 11.8 | 0.3 | -0.1 | 1.2 | -0.8 | 11.3 |
Information, culture and recreation | 2.4 | 2.3 | 0.3 | -0.1 | 0.2 | -4.2 | 9.5 |
Accommodation and food services | 4.7 | 4.9 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 4.3 | 11.4 |
Other services (except public administration) | 3.3 | 3.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Public administration | 8.1 | 9.0 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 11.1 | 5.9 |
Nova Scotia | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 465.1 | 466.5 | 3.2 | 1.4 | 18.5 | 0.3 | 4.1 |
Goods-producing sector | 87.9 | 85.9 | 2.0 | -2.0 | 2.9 | -2.3 | 3.5 |
Agriculture | 5.9 | 5.9 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 20.4 |
Natural resources2 | 11.4 | 9.2 | 1.0 | -2.2 | -0.2 | -19.3 | -2.1 |
Utilities | 4.3 | 5.5 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 27.9 | 31.0 |
Construction | 35.3 | 33.6 | 1.4 | -1.7 | -0.1 | -4.8 | -0.3 |
Manufacturing | 30.9 | 31.7 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 2.9 |
Services-producing sector | 377.1 | 380.6 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 15.6 | 0.9 | 4.3 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 73.5 | 77.4 | 1.7 | 3.9 | 8.5 | 5.3 | 12.3 |
Transportation and warehousing | 23.5 | 25.8 | 0.9 | 2.3 | 6.8 | 9.8 | 35.8 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 22.9 | 22.5 | 0.9 | -0.4 | -0.7 | -1.7 | -3.0 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 37.5 | 35.4 | 1.1 | -2.1 | 4.8 | -5.6 | 15.7 |
Business, building and other support services | 18.1 | 18.4 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 8.9 |
Educational services | 38.0 | 37.1 | 1.3 | -0.9 | -2.2 | -2.4 | -5.6 |
Health care and social assistance | 76.1 | 75.0 | 1.3 | -1.1 | 1.9 | -1.4 | 2.6 |
Information, culture and recreation | 13.6 | 13.5 | 1.0 | -0.1 | -2.4 | -0.7 | -15.1 |
Accommodation and food services | 26.7 | 27.9 | 1.4 | 1.2 | -2.4 | 4.5 | -7.9 |
Other services (except public administration) | 15.9 | 15.7 | 0.9 | -0.2 | -2.6 | -1.3 | -14.2 |
Public administration | 31.3 | 32.0 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 8.5 |
New Brunswick | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 355.6 | 361.7 | 2.6 | 6.1 | 7.4 | 1.7 | 2.1 |
Goods-producing sector | 68.3 | 69.4 | 1.6 | 1.1 | -0.5 | 1.6 | -0.7 |
Agriculture | 4.9 | 5.1 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 4.1 | 24.4 |
Natural resources2 | 8.7 | 9.3 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 6.9 | 12.0 |
Utilities | 4.1 | 3.9 | 0.2 | -0.2 | 0.2 | -4.9 | 5.4 |
Construction | 23.4 | 23.2 | 1.0 | -0.2 | -0.8 | -0.9 | -3.3 |
Manufacturing | 27.1 | 27.9 | 1.0 | 0.8 | -1.9 | 3.0 | -6.4 |
Services-producing sector | 287.3 | 292.2 | 2.3 | 4.9 | 7.9 | 1.7 | 2.8 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 56.1 | 58.1 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 3.6 | 2.3 |
Transportation and warehousing | 18.8 | 18.7 | 0.7 | -0.1 | 1.1 | -0.5 | 6.3 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 16.7 | 16.9 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 11.2 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 17.0 | 17.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | -0.1 | 4.1 | -0.6 |
Business, building and other support services | 13.1 | 15.0 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 14.5 | 9.5 |
Educational services | 28.2 | 29.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 2.8 | 0.7 |
Health care and social assistance | 59.9 | 56.7 | 1.1 | -3.2 | -2.6 | -5.3 | -4.4 |
Information, culture and recreation | 9.9 | 10.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 7.1 | 8.2 |
Accommodation and food services | 21.3 | 21.8 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 2.3 | 2.8 |
Other services (except public administration) | 14.0 | 15.8 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 12.9 | 9.7 |
Public administration | 32.4 | 31.9 | 0.7 | -0.5 | 2.2 | -1.5 | 7.4 |
Quebec | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 4,288.1 | 4,319.3 | 19.7 | 31.2 | 96.0 | 0.7 | 2.3 |
Goods-producing sector | 869.7 | 899.6 | 10.3 | 29.9 | 30.7 | 3.4 | 3.5 |
Agriculture | 52.3 | 52.3 | 2.7 | 0.0 | -4.3 | 0.0 | -7.6 |
Natural resources2 | 36.2 | 40.2 | 2.3 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 11.0 | 11.7 |
Utilities | 26.4 | 29.1 | 1.6 | 2.7 | 4.5 | 10.2 | 18.3 |
Construction | 287.5 | 287.2 | 7.0 | -0.3 | 20.0 | -0.1 | 7.5 |
Manufacturing | 467.3 | 490.8 | 7.3 | 23.5 | 6.4 | 5.0 | 1.3 |
Services-producing sector | 3,418.4 | 3,419.7 | 18.7 | 1.3 | 65.2 | 0.0 | 1.9 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 662.7 | 645.2 | 9.7 | -17.5 | -17.1 | -2.6 | -2.6 |
Transportation and warehousing | 220.2 | 225.8 | 5.4 | 5.6 | -0.9 | 2.5 | -0.4 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 285.2 | 285.2 | 5.2 | 0.0 | 38.4 | 0.0 | 15.6 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 362.1 | 375.1 | 6.7 | 13.0 | 32.4 | 3.6 | 9.5 |
Business, building and other support services | 160.1 | 165.4 | 6.3 | 5.3 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 1.5 |
Educational services | 352.5 | 350.4 | 6.8 | -2.1 | 12.1 | -0.6 | 3.6 |
Health care and social assistance | 597.7 | 601.9 | 8.0 | 4.2 | 9.7 | 0.7 | 1.6 |
Information, culture and recreation | 160.3 | 156.5 | 6.2 | -3.8 | -14.9 | -2.4 | -8.7 |
Accommodation and food services | 200.9 | 194.1 | 7.1 | -6.8 | -28.5 | -3.4 | -12.8 |
Other services (except public administration) | 153.2 | 152.5 | 5.0 | -0.7 | -1.4 | -0.5 | -0.9 |
Public administration | 263.6 | 267.7 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 33.2 | 1.6 | 14.2 |
Ontario | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 7,426.1 | 7,499.7 | 28.4 | 73.6 | 330.8 | 1.0 | 4.6 |
Goods-producing sector | 1,460.9 | 1,450.5 | 14.3 | -10.4 | 0.4 | -0.7 | 0.0 |
Agriculture | 69.7 | 63.7 | 3.3 | -6.0 | -3.0 | -8.6 | -4.5 |
Natural resources2 | 34.7 | 36.3 | 2.2 | 1.6 | -2.6 | 4.6 | -6.7 |
Utilities | 53.0 | 52.6 | 1.6 | -0.4 | 0.7 | -0.8 | 1.3 |
Construction | 534.7 | 534.2 | 9.5 | -0.5 | 33.7 | -0.1 | 6.7 |
Manufacturing | 768.9 | 763.6 | 10.5 | -5.3 | -28.5 | -0.7 | -3.6 |
Services-producing sector | 5,965.2 | 6,049.2 | 27.1 | 84.0 | 330.4 | 1.4 | 5.8 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 1,080.9 | 1,075.4 | 15.0 | -5.5 | 50.1 | -0.5 | 4.9 |
Transportation and warehousing | 372.3 | 381.2 | 8.6 | 8.9 | 25.0 | 2.4 | 7.0 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 600.7 | 620.8 | 8.9 | 20.1 | 11.1 | 3.3 | 1.8 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 751.7 | 769.9 | 10.5 | 18.2 | 101.9 | 2.4 | 15.3 |
Business, building and other support services | 295.8 | 297.8 | 8.2 | 2.0 | 16.9 | 0.7 | 6.0 |
Educational services | 564.3 | 568.7 | 9.9 | 4.4 | 30.0 | 0.8 | 5.6 |
Health care and social assistance | 916.0 | 925.1 | 10.1 | 9.1 | 47.7 | 1.0 | 5.4 |
Information, culture and recreation | 298.0 | 331.8 | 9.4 | 33.8 | 45.5 | 11.3 | 15.9 |
Accommodation and food services | 413.4 | 398.2 | 10.5 | -15.2 | 14.0 | -3.7 | 3.6 |
Other services (except public administration) | 265.1 | 257.6 | 8.2 | -7.5 | -48.9 | -2.8 | -16.0 |
Public administration | 407.1 | 422.7 | 5.4 | 15.6 | 37.1 | 3.8 | 9.6 |
Manitoba | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 653.5 | 661.3 | 3.1 | 7.8 | 8.8 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
Goods-producing sector | 143.9 | 147.3 | 1.8 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 2.4 | 3.1 |
Agriculture | 23.0 | 25.5 | 0.9 | 2.5 | 1.0 | 10.9 | 4.1 |
Natural resources2 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 0.4 | -0.1 | -0.2 | -2.6 | -5.1 |
Utilities | 5.0 | 4.6 | 0.3 | -0.4 | -0.6 | -8.0 | -11.5 |
Construction | 48.8 | 49.2 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Manufacturing | 63.3 | 64.3 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 3.9 | 1.6 | 6.5 |
Services-producing sector | 509.6 | 514.0 | 3.0 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 90.8 | 92.1 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
Transportation and warehousing | 42.2 | 42.2 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 36.0 | 36.4 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 7.4 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 32.9 | 32.2 | 0.8 | -0.7 | 0.3 | -2.1 | 0.9 |
Business, building and other support services | 21.5 | 22.1 | 0.9 | 0.6 | -1.1 | 2.8 | -4.7 |
Educational services | 53.8 | 56.9 | 1.2 | 3.1 | -1.2 | 5.8 | -2.1 |
Health care and social assistance | 105.9 | 103.0 | 1.4 | -2.9 | -0.2 | -2.7 | -0.2 |
Information, culture and recreation | 20.8 | 22.4 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 7.7 | 4.7 |
Accommodation and food services | 40.5 | 39.5 | 1.2 | -1.0 | 1.5 | -2.5 | 3.9 |
Other services (except public administration) | 27.5 | 27.9 | 1.0 | 0.4 | -3.3 | 1.5 | -10.6 |
Public administration | 37.6 | 39.4 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 3.3 | 4.8 | 9.1 |
Saskatchewan | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 562.4 | 567.7 | 3.0 | 5.3 | 11.1 | 0.9 | 2.0 |
Goods-producing sector | 129.3 | 129.0 | 2.0 | -0.3 | -3.5 | -0.2 | -2.6 |
Agriculture | 28.8 | 26.3 | 1.1 | -2.5 | -8.0 | -8.7 | -23.3 |
Natural resources2 | 19.2 | 19.4 | 0.8 | 0.2 | -1.5 | 1.0 | -7.2 |
Utilities | 6.2 | 7.0 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 12.9 | 11.1 |
Construction | 42.6 | 41.9 | 1.3 | -0.7 | 1.5 | -1.6 | 3.7 |
Manufacturing | 32.5 | 34.4 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 3.8 | 5.8 | 12.4 |
Services-producing sector | 433.1 | 438.7 | 2.9 | 5.6 | 14.6 | 1.3 | 3.4 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 96.5 | 97.5 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 9.2 | 1.0 | 10.4 |
Transportation and warehousing | 23.2 | 24.2 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 4.3 | 0.8 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 27.7 | 30.2 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 0.9 | 9.0 | 3.1 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 27.1 | 27.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 3.0 | 4.1 |
Business, building and other support services | 15.0 | 15.5 | 0.9 | 0.5 | -2.1 | 3.3 | -11.9 |
Educational services | 46.5 | 46.5 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 4.5 |
Health care and social assistance | 86.4 | 88.3 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 6.8 | 2.2 | 8.3 |
Information, culture and recreation | 19.2 | 18.6 | 1.0 | -0.6 | 1.1 | -3.1 | 6.3 |
Accommodation and food services | 30.6 | 30.2 | 1.2 | -0.4 | 0.3 | -1.3 | 1.0 |
Other services (except public administration) | 25.8 | 24.9 | 1.1 | -0.9 | -5.7 | -3.5 | -18.6 |
Public administration | 35.1 | 35.0 | 0.8 | -0.1 | 1.0 | -0.3 | 2.9 |
Alberta | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 2,253.3 | 2,272.9 | 12.8 | 19.6 | 110.2 | 0.9 | 5.1 |
Goods-producing sector | 539.8 | 535.7 | 7.6 | -4.1 | 2.7 | -0.8 | 0.5 |
Agriculture | 34.0 | 35.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | -5.8 | 4.4 | -14.0 |
Natural resources2 | 144.3 | 144.9 | 3.9 | 0.6 | 19.9 | 0.4 | 15.9 |
Utilities | 19.3 | 19.7 | 1.2 | 0.4 | -4.1 | 2.1 | -17.2 |
Construction | 219.7 | 214.6 | 5.3 | -5.1 | -4.4 | -2.3 | -2.0 |
Manufacturing | 122.5 | 121.0 | 3.8 | -1.5 | -3.0 | -1.2 | -2.4 |
Services-producing sector | 1,713.5 | 1,737.2 | 11.8 | 23.7 | 107.5 | 1.4 | 6.6 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 329.4 | 344.5 | 6.1 | 15.1 | 29.6 | 4.6 | 9.4 |
Transportation and warehousing | 137.9 | 136.6 | 3.8 | -1.3 | 13.2 | -0.9 | 10.7 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 120.1 | 122.7 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 19.1 | 2.2 | 18.4 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 189.7 | 191.5 | 4.4 | 1.8 | 17.1 | 0.9 | 9.8 |
Business, building and other support services | 68.5 | 69.0 | 3.8 | 0.5 | -2.3 | 0.7 | -3.2 |
Educational services | 172.7 | 170.3 | 4.1 | -2.4 | 18.2 | -1.4 | 12.0 |
Health care and social assistance | 295.0 | 299.6 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 10.7 | 1.6 | 3.7 |
Information, culture and recreation | 71.8 | 71.2 | 3.7 | -0.6 | -10.6 | -0.8 | -13.0 |
Accommodation and food services | 131.8 | 129.1 | 4.8 | -2.7 | 13.5 | -2.0 | 11.7 |
Other services (except public administration) | 95.8 | 96.8 | 3.9 | 1.0 | -1.8 | 1.0 | -1.8 |
Public administration | 100.9 | 105.9 | 2.4 | 5.0 | 0.9 | 5.0 | 0.9 |
British Columbia | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 2,669.6 | 2,681.9 | 14.5 | 12.3 | 153.1 | 0.5 | 6.1 |
Goods-producing sector | 486.9 | 485.6 | 7.8 | -1.3 | 2.9 | -0.3 | 0.6 |
Agriculture | 18.9 | 20.6 | 2.5 | 1.7 | -12.0 | 9.0 | -36.8 |
Natural resources2 | 50.2 | 51.6 | 2.8 | 1.4 | 8.7 | 2.8 | 20.3 |
Utilities | 18.1 | 14.8 | 1.2 | -3.3 | -6.5 | -18.2 | -30.5 |
Construction | 219.5 | 216.3 | 5.3 | -3.2 | 6.1 | -1.5 | 2.9 |
Manufacturing | 180.3 | 182.4 | 4.9 | 2.1 | 6.7 | 1.2 | 3.8 |
Services-producing sector | 2,182.7 | 2,196.3 | 14.4 | 13.6 | 150.2 | 0.6 | 7.3 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 403.6 | 400.2 | 7.4 | -3.4 | 24.8 | -0.8 | 6.6 |
Transportation and warehousing | 139.7 | 139.8 | 4.0 | 0.1 | 7.4 | 0.1 | 5.6 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 169.9 | 171.4 | 3.9 | 1.5 | 5.5 | 0.9 | 3.3 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 258.2 | 255.4 | 5.5 | -2.8 | 24.9 | -1.1 | 10.8 |
Business, building and other support services | 105.4 | 109.9 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 5.0 |
Educational services | 177.0 | 194.3 | 5.1 | 17.3 | 9.5 | 9.8 | 5.1 |
Health care and social assistance | 376.2 | 362.4 | 5.8 | -13.8 | 35.0 | -3.7 | 10.7 |
Information, culture and recreation | 126.4 | 128.8 | 5.4 | 2.4 | 7.6 | 1.9 | 6.3 |
Accommodation and food services | 184.9 | 182.6 | 5.8 | -2.3 | 4.6 | -1.2 | 2.6 |
Other services (except public administration) | 108.8 | 109.1 | 4.2 | 0.3 | 3.4 | 0.3 | 3.2 |
Public administration | 132.5 | 142.4 | 3.0 | 9.9 | 22.3 | 7.5 | 18.6 |
Note(s):
The sum of individual categories may not always add up to the total as a result of rounding.
Source(s):
Table 14-10-0355-02.
Table note 1
Average standard error of change between two consecutive months. See the "Data Quality" section of the Guide to the Labour Force Survey (Catalogue number71-543-G) for more information.
Table note 2
Also referred to as "Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction."
- Date modified: