Table A6
Individual and contextual characteristics associated with a sense of belonging with respect to place of residence, country of origin, and ethnic and language group, census metropolitan areas of Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver, 2013 Table A6
Individual and contextual characteristics associated with a sense of belonging with respect to place of residence, country of origin, and ethnic and language group, census metropolitan areas of Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver, 2013

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Table A6
Individual and contextual characteristics associated with a sense of belonging with respect to place of residence, country of origin, and ethnic and language group, census metropolitan areas of Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver, 2013
Table summary
This table displays the results of Individual and contextual characteristics associated with a sense of belonging with respect to place of residence. The information is grouped by Individual and place of residence characteristics (appearing as row headers), Sense of belonging with respect to place of residence, country of origin and groups of people, Analysis method - ordered logistic regressions, Local community, City, Province, Canada, Country of origin, People of same ethnicity or culture and People with same mother tongue, calculated using odds ratios units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Individual and place of residence characteristics	Sense of belonging with respect to place of residence, country of origin and groups of people
	Analysis method - ordered logistic regressions
	Local community	City	Province	Canada	Country of origin	People of same ethnicity or culture	People with same mother tongue
	odds ratios^{Table A6 Note 1}
Sex
Male (ref.)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Female	1.20	1.11	1.20	1.34^Note *	1.19	1.48^Note **	1.39^Note **
Age
Age	1.02	1.01	1.03	1.04^Note *	0.98	1.02	1.01
Age squared	1.03	1.09	0.94	0.87	1.22	0.95	1.03
Living alone
No (ref.)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	1.12	1.09	1.08	0.99	1.14	1.03	1.24
Language spoken most often at home
Other (ref.)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
English or French	0.94	1.07	0.99	1.07	0.55^Note **	0.54^Note **	0.60^Note **
Education
High school diploma or less (ref.)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Post-secondary diploma	0.93	0.87	0.78	0.82	1.30	1.14	1.11
University degree	0.77	0.87	0.76^Note *	0.78	1.29	0.83	0.83
Has a job or is self-employed
No (ref.)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	0.97	0.98	1.00	1.01	0.97	0.87	1.00
Income
Relative median income of households in neighbourhood of residence	1.39	0.94	0.94	1.20	0.83	1.18	1.05
Size of personal network
15 people or fewer (ref.)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
More than 15 people	1.71^Note **	1.51^Note **	1.15	1.14	1.20	1.50^Note **	1.34^Note **
Volunteering
No (ref.)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	1.24	1.14	1.04	1.14	0.98	0.79^Note *	0.89
Religious practice
No (ref.)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	1.45^Note **	1.20	1.09	1.16	1.14	1.37^Note **	1.12
Victim of discrimination or unfair treatment
No (ref.)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	0.73^Note **	0.70^Note **	0.61^Note **	0.75^Note *	0.95	0.88	0.97
Census metropolitan area
Montréal	0.99	1.44^Note *	0.85	0.92	1.31	1.14	1.06
Toronto (ref.)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Vancouver	1.29	1.40^Note *	1.08	0.92	0.91	0.87	0.85
Type of municipality
Central (ref.)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Peripheral 1st ring	0.86	0.64^Note **	0.89	0.76	0.87	1.17	1.06
Peripheral 2nd ring	0.85	0.52^Note **	0.99	0.90	1.29	1.21	1.17
Demographic weight of immigrant population in neighbourhood
Less than 50% (ref.)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
50% to less than 70%	0.90	0.94	0.86	0.97	0.93	1.14	1.02
70% or greater	0.81	0.91	0.83	1.09	1.06	1.25	1.27
Period of immigration and generation
Recent immigrant	1.21	1.07	1.28	0.86	1.92^Note **	1.33^Note *	1.21
Established immigrant (ref.)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Second generation	1.14	1.02	0.89	0.93	Note ...: not applicable	1.55^Note **	1.60^Note **
Region of birth
North America	1.34	0.71	0.54	0.69	1.33	1.18	1.32
The Caribbean	2.01^Note **	1.39	1.18	0.99	3.34^Note **	3.10^Note **	2.49^Note **
Central and South America	0.83	1.36	1.59^Note *	1.27	1.53	1.27	1.50
Europe (ref.)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Africa	2.13^Note **	1.62^Note *	1.34	1.31	1.42	1.67^Note *	1.16
Middle East and West Asia	1.89^Note **	1.99^Note *	2.22^Note **	1.37	1.20	1.42	0.78
East Asia	0.86	0.77	0.97	0.80	0.78	0.85	0.64^Note *
South Asia	1.98^Note **	2.24^Note **	2.15^Note **	1.64^Note *	1.01	1.11	0.94
Southeast Asia and Oceania	1.43	0.95	1.13	0.73	1.97^Note **	1.36	1.10
... not applicable Note * significantly different from reference category (ref.) at p < 0.05 Return to note * referrer Note significantly different from reference category (ref.) at p < 0.01 Return to note referrer Note 1. An odds ratio of 1 means that the likelihood of observing the phenomenon is 100%. Return to note 1 referrer Source: Statistics Canada, General Social Survey on Social Identity, 2013

Date modified:: 2017-05-08

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