Table 1
Logistic regression results predicting the odds of doing "very well or well" at school, off-reserve First Nations children aged 6 to 14

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Factors Odds ratio for single variable Odds ratio for full model
Absence from school for 2 or more weeks in a row Yes 0.4*** 0.5**
No † 1.0 1.0
Preschool program attendance Aboriginal children program 1.0 0.9
Non-Aboriginal program 1.2** 1.0
Never attended any preschool program † 1.0 1.0
Presence of drugs and alcohol at school Is a problem 0.7*** 1.1
Is not a problem † 1.0 1.0
Presence of violence at school Is a problem 0.6*** 0.9
Is not a problem † 1.0 1.0
Satisfaction with school practices Strongly satisfied 2.3*** 2.0***
Not strongly satisfied † 1.0 1.0
Importance of postsecondary education Very important 1.8*** 1.2
Not important to fairly important † 1.0 1.0
Getting along with friends/classmates Hardly any or no problems 2.4*** 1.5**
Occasional to constant problems † 1.0 1.0
Getting along with teachers Hardly any or no problems 3.7*** 2.2***
Occasional to constant problems † 1.0 1.0
Parental level of education University 1.2 1.0
College or trade/vocational 1.3* 1.2
Some postsecondary 1.3* 1.2
High school 1.2 1.1
Did not complete high school † 1.0 1.0
Household income Quintile 5 1.6*** 1.3*
Quintile 4 1.1 0.9
Quintile 3 1.2* 1.2
Quintile 2 1.0 1.1
Quintile 1 † 1.0 1.0
Living arrangements Two parent household 1.2** 1.0
One parent household † 1.0 1.0
Eating breakfast everyday Yes 1.4*** 1.0
No † 1.0 1.0
Experienced being hungry Yes 0.6*** 1.0
No † 1.0 1.0
Mobility in the previous year Residing at the same address 1.2** 1.0
Residing at a different address † 1.0 1.0
Parents attended residential school Yes 0.7*** 0.7*
No † 1.0 1.0
Activity limitations at school Yes 0.5*** 0.9
No † 1.0 1.0
Learning disability Yes 0.3*** 0.5***
No † 1.0 1.0
Attention deficit disorder Yes 0.3*** 0.6**
No † 1.0 1.0
Reading books everyday Yes 1.8*** 1.5***
No † 1.0 1.0
Playing sports At least once a week 1.5*** 1.3**
Less than once a week † 1.0 1.0
Taking part in art/music At least once a week 1.5*** 1.2*
Less than once a week † 1.0 1.0
Volunteering in the community or school At least once a week 1.3*** 1.2
Less than once a week † 1.0 1.0
Spending time with Elders At least once a week 1.2** 1.1
Less than once a week † 1.0 1.0
Sex Boy 0.6*** 0.7***
Girl † 1.0 1.0
Age group 11 to 14 0.6*** 0.7***
6 to 10 † 1.0 1.0
Notes:
The odds ratio for single variable indicates the effect of each factor on school achievement when analyzed individually. The odds ratio for full model indicates the effect of each factor on school achievement when all other variables in the analysis are held constant. Some factors that were found to have a significant effect on school achievement when analyzed individually lost their significance when all other variables in the analysis were held constant.
Odds ratios for Registered Indian status, area of residence, region, before/after school child care program attendance, taking part in clubs/groups, and knowledge of an Aboriginal language in the single variable models did not reach statistical significance (not shown). These factors were not included in the full model.
The full model is based on 4,971 off-reserve First Nations children (representing 77,674 children) for whom there were no missing value on any variables included in the model.
All models were calculated using bootstrap weights to obtain the correct variance estimates.

† Reference group
* Statistically significant difference from the reference group (p < .05)
** Statistically significant difference from the reference group (p < .01)
*** Statistically significant difference from the reference group (p < .001)

Source: Statistics Canada, Aboriginal Peoples Survey 2006, children and youth component.