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| Receptive vocabulary score | ||
|---|---|---|
Mean score |
Standard error (SE) |
|
| Total (n=3,554) | 101.5 |
0.38 |
| Sex of child (n=3,554) | ||
| Female | 102.4 |
0.47 |
| Male | 100.5 |
0.56 |
| Household income level (n=3,554) | ||
| Below low income cut-off (LICO) (level 1) | 93.61 |
0.88 |
| LICO to less than 2 times LICO (level 2) | 99.71 |
0.63 |
| Two times LICO to less than 3 times LICO (level 3) | 105.6 |
0.58 |
| Three times LICO or above (level 4) | 105.6 |
0.68 |
| Parent education level (n=3,532) | ||
| High school or less | 97.22 |
0.61 |
| More than high school | 103.6 |
0.43 |
| Family structure (n=3,554) | ||
| One-parent family | 97.52 |
0.90 |
| Two-parent family | 102.2 |
0.40 |
| Country of birth of parent (n=3,494) | ||
| Parent born outside Canada-language at home not English or French (level 1) | 87.43 |
1.42 |
| Parent born outside Canada-language at home English or French (level 2) | 102.4 |
1.07 |
| Parent born in Canada (level 3) | 103.3 |
0.40 |
| Kindergarten attendance (n=3,552) | ||
| Not in kindergarten | 100.1 |
1.13 |
| In kindergarten | 101.6 |
0.40 |
| Community size (n=3,554) | ||
| Rural (level 1) | 101.7 |
1.09 |
| Under 30,000 (level 2) | 101.8 |
0.74 |
| 30,000 to under 100,000 (level 3) | 100.84 |
0.79 |
| 100,000 to under 500,000 (level 4) | 104.34 |
0.94 |
| 500,000 and over (level 5) | 100.5 |
0.61 |
| Province of residence (n=3,554) | ||
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 104.65 |
1.28 |
| Prince Edward Island | 101.8 |
1.14 |
| Nova Scotia | 104.1 |
1.78 |
| New Brunswick | 100.2 |
1.09 |
| Quebec | 100.5 |
0.75 |
| Ontario | 101.7 |
0.62 |
| Manitoba | 98.3 |
1.51 |
| Saskatchewan | 100.6 |
1.28 |
| Alberta | 101.8 |
0.96 |
| British Columbia | 102.6 |
1.45 |
| 1. Statistically significant and substantive differences between level 1 and levels 2, 3, 4; and between level 2 and levels 3, 4. 2. Statistically significant and substantive difference between levels. 3. Statistically significant and substantive differences between level 1 and level 2, 3. 4. Statistically significant and substantive difference between levels 3 and 4; and between levels 4 and 5. 5. Statistically significant and substantive difference between Newfoundland and Labrador and Manitoba. No other provincial differences were statistically significant at p<0.001. |
||
| Notes Statistical significance: p<0.01 for differences between 2 levels of parent education level, family structure, and country of birth of parent; p<0.008 for differences among 4 levels of household income level (nominal significance level of p<0.05 adjusted for multiple comparisons). Statistical significance: p<0.005 for differences among 5 levels of community size (nominal significance level of p<0.05 adjusted for multiple comparisons); p<0.001 for differences among 10 levels of province of residence (nominal significance level of p<0.05 adjusted for multiple comparisons). Substantive differences are defined as mean differences of 0.25 of a standard deviation (0.25 SD) or more, as follows: for receptive vocabulary score at age 5, 0.25 SD=3.84. Numbers vary due to missing data for some child and family characteristics. LICO refers to the low income cut-off. |
||
| Data source: Statistics Canada, National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, 2002/2003. | ||
| Table source: Statistics Canada, 2006, Readiness to Learn at School Among Five-year-old Children in Canada, Number 4 in the Children and Youth Research Paper Series, catalogue number 89-599-XWE2006004. | ||