Notes

^1.

There are many relatively synonymous words or phrases that can be used to describe the activity of technology acquisition. Some include: adoption, introduction, bring in, and integration. For the purpose of this paper the word "acquisition" is used as it encompasses the adoption, modification of existing technologies and the creation of new ones.

^2.

Statistics Canada carried out some advanced technology use surveys in specific subject matter areas including: Functional Foods and Neutraceuticals (2005), Functional Foods and Natural Health Products (2007); Innovation, Advanced Technologies and Practices in the Construction and Related Industries Survey (1998); Survey of Electronic Commerce and Technology (2000-2007); Biotechnology Use and Development Survey (1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005); Survey of Environmental Protection Expenditures (1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006); Environment Industry Survey (1998, 2000, 2002, 2004).

^3.

Detailed information on the Survey of Advanced Technology 2007 is available at: /cgi-bin/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SurvId=4223&SurvVer=2&InstaId=14681&InstaVer=4&SDDS=4223&lang=en&db=imdb&adm=8&dis=2.

^4.

Question 4 on the Survey of Advanced Technology 2007 also included the option of acquiring technologies through merger or acquisition of another firm with advanced technologies. This option was not included in the 1998 survey and involves a different group of activities than would be involved with off-the-shelf purchase, lease or licensing. It has not been considered in this analysis.

^5.

The total of technology purchasers, technology modifiers and technology developers is not 100% as the remaining 0.4% of plants acquired technologies through mergers only. The sum of the percentage of technology modifiers and technology developers does not equal the percentage of user innovators due to rounding.

^6.

Detailed information on the Follow up to the Survey of Advanced Technology 2007 is available at: /cgi-bin/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=4223&lang=en&db=imdb&adm=8&dis=2.

^7.

Collection for the Survey of Advanced Technology 2007 ran from September 24, 2007 to May 15, 2008. It should be noted that collection for the Survey of Advanced Technology 2007 was ongoing when the quota sample for the Follow-up to the Survey of Advanced Technology 2007 was drawn. As a result, the quota sample of 1,750 user innovators for the Follow-up to the Survey of Advanced Technology 2007 was 67.0% of all user innovators identified by the Survey of Advanced Technology 2007.

^8.

The Survey of Innovation 2005 found that 21.5% of innovative manufacturing plants cooperated on their innovation activities with other firms or institutions during the years 2002 to 2004.

^9.

Inability to devote staff to innovation projects on an on-going basis because of production requirements is the other obstacle.