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| Institution owns | Researcher owns | Joint ownership | No policy on ownership | Other ownership policy | No such intellectual property | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| percent | ||||||
| Inventions | 17 | 34 | 23 | 15 | 2 | 9 |
| Intellectual property protected by copyright | ||||||
| Software or databases | 14 | 39 | 19 | 12 | 4 | 12 |
| Educational materials | 14 | 52 | 12 | 9 | 4 | 10 |
| Other materials | 11 | 38 | 10 | 14 | 3 | 24 |
| Industrial designs | 13 | 30 | 13 | 25 | 3 | 16 |
| Trademarks or official marks | 21 | 28 | 9 | 25 | 2 | 15 |
| New plant varieties | 6 | 26 | 12 | 28 | 1 | 28 |