Table 13
Energy research and development expenditures and extramural
payments made outside of Canada, 2011p
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| Total intramural research and development | Total extramural payments outside of Canada | |
|---|---|---|
| millions of dollars | ||
| Total energy | 1,708 | 16 |
| Fossil fuels | 1,191 | 12 |
| Crude oils and natural gas | 553 | 2 |
| Oil sands and heavy crude oil | 577 | x |
| Refining, processing and upgrading | 53 | x |
| Coal production, preparation and processing | x | 0 |
| Transportation of fossil fuels | x | x |
| Renewable energy resources | 106 | 0 |
| Solar | 4 | x |
| Wind-energy | 4 | x |
| Bio-energy | 54 | x |
| Hydro | 35 | x |
| Other renewable energy | 9 | x |
| Nuclear fission and fusion | 68 | x |
| Electric Power | 91 | x |
| Generation in utility sector | x | x |
| Combine heat and power in industry, buildings | x | x |
| Electricity transmission, distribution and storage | 75 | x |
| Hydrogen and fuel cells | 35 | x |
| Hydrogen | 12 | 0 |
| Fuel cells | 23 | x |
| Energy efficiency | 85 | 1 |
| Industry | 47 | x |
| Residential, institutional and commercial | 11 | x |
| Transportation of fossil fuels | 13 | x |
| Other energy efficiency | 13 | 0 |
| Other related technologies | 132 | 1 |
Note(s):
Data are from the Energy Research and Development expenditures by Area
of Technology survey. Components may not add to totals due to rounding.
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