Fact sheet
Community of Wood Buffalo (CA), Alberta Fact sheet
Community of Wood Buffalo (CA), Alberta

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In 2014, information on the emergency preparedness of people living in the Census Agglomeration^{Note 1} of Wood Buffalo was collected through the Survey of Emergency Preparedness and Resilience in Canada (SEPR).^{Note 2} This fact sheet presents information on the risk awareness and level of emergency preparedness of the residents of Wood Buffalo, which could help improve the understanding of community resilience in the event of an emergency.^{Note 3}^{Note 4}^{Note 5}

Risk awareness and anticipated sources of help in an emergency or disaster

Winter storms (including blizzards, ice storms and extreme cold) (93%), wildfires (91%) and industrial or transportation accidents (87%) were named by residents of Wood Buffalo as the most likely events to occur in their community.
Residents most commonly anticipated turning to police or law enforcement as an initial source for help and information if they were faced with rioting or civil unrest (46%) or an act of terrorism or terrorist threat (36%). They reported that they would turn to news on the radio in the event of an industrial or transportation accident (28%) or a weather-related emergency or natural disaster (26%) (Table 1.1).
Residents also stated (53%) that hospitals, clinics, doctors and other medical professionals were the most commonly anticipated sources of initial help and information in the event of an outbreak of a serious or life-threatening disease. In the event of an extended power outage lasting 24 hours or longer, they most commonly said they would seek help from their utility company (47%), and in the event of a contamination or shortage of water or food, residents anticipated first turning to local government (40%).

Prior lifetime experience with a major emergency or disaster^{Note 6}

Close to four in ten (38%) Wood Buffalo residents has faced a major emergency or disaster in Canada in a community they were living in at the time of the event, two-thirds (66%) of whom reported experiencing severe disruptions to their daily activities as a result of the event.
Floods (42%^{Note E: Use with caution}) and wildfires (33%^{Note E: Use with caution}) were the most commonly experienced emergencies or disasters by residents of Wood Buffalo.
The most common types of disruption to daily activities endured by residents who had experienced major emergencies or disasters included missing work or school (64%), missing an appointment or planned activity (55%) and having to boil water for drinking or drink bottled water (40%^{Note E: Use with caution}). More severe disruptions experienced were an inability to use roads or transportation within the community (32%^{Note E: Use with caution}) and home evacuation (30%^{Note E: Use with caution}).
Close to three-quarters (72%) of residents who experienced an emergency or disaster were able to resume their daily activities within one week of the event; one-quarter (26%^{Note E: Use with caution}) of whom reported resuming daily activities within three to five days.
Six in ten (60%) residents who had experienced an emergency or disaster received help during or immediately following the event, most commonly from a family member (40%^{Note E: Use with caution}) or local government (35%^{Note E: Use with caution}).
Approximately one-quarter (23%^{Note E: Use with caution}) of residents of Wood Buffalo who experienced a major emergency or disaster in Canada in a community where they were living at the time of the event and which was significant enough to disrupt their regular daily routine also endured a loss of property or financial impact.

Emergency planning, precautionary and fire safety behaviours

Seven in ten (71%) people residing in Wood Buffalo lived in households that were engaged in at least two emergency planning activities,^{Note 7} and more than four in ten (44%) lived in households with three or four such activities (Table 1.2). Around one in ten (9%^{Note E: Use with caution}) people lived in a household that had not participated in any emergency planning activities.
Nearly half (46%) lived in a household with at least two precautionary measures^{Note 8} taken in case of an emergency, and less than one-quarter (22%) lived in a household with three or four such measures. Less than one-quarter (22%) of people lived in a household with no precautionary measures in place.
The vast majority (98%) of residents reported living in a household with a working smoke detector, and approximately three-quarters (73%) reported living in a household with a working fire extinguisher (Table 1.3). Three-quarters (76%) of residents stated that they had a working carbon monoxide detector in their household. Six in ten (61%) of the residents of Wood Buffalo stated that they had implemented all three fire safety measures within their households.
Generally, the number of emergency planning activities and precautionary measures taken by residents of Wood Buffalo did not significantly differ from residents of Alberta and Canada’s 10 provinces in general. Differences did exist, however, in terms of the number of fire safety measures taken. For instance, Wood Buffalo residents were more likely to have all three fire safety measures in place than residents of Alberta and Canada (61%, 48% and 42%, respectively).^{Note 9}
The types of activities and measures set in place by residents of Wood Buffalo did not generally differ compared to residents of Alberta and Canada. There were, however, a few exceptions. For instance, while Wood Buffalo residents were more likely to have a vehicle emergency supply kit (72%), they were less likely to have a wind-up or battery-operated radio (44%) compared to Canadians (59% and 58%, respectively). In addition, Wood Buffalo residents were more likely to have a working carbon monoxide detector (76%) and a working fire extinguisher (73%) than both residents of Alberta (65% each) and Canada (60% and 66%, respectively).

Social networks and sense of belonging

Nearly half (47%) of Wood Buffalo’s residents had a strong sense of belonging^{Note 10} to their community.
Most (79%) residents described the neighbourhood they lived in as a place where neighbours generally help each other.^{Note 11} Of those who did not describe their neighbourhood this way, most (78%) still described it as a place where neighbours would help each other in an emergency.^{Note 12}
Many individuals had a large network of support in the event of an emergency or disaster, with more than five people to turn to for help if physically injured (60%), for emotional support (59%), as well as in case of a home evacuation (53%). Over one-quarter (28%) of residents had a large support network if financial help was needed. However, 9%^{Note E: Use with caution} reported that they had no one to turn to for financial help.^{Note 13}
Higher levels of sense of belonging, self-efficacy and neighbourhood trust, as well as civic engagement and involvement in political activities, were not often associated with a higher level of emergency preparedness (Table 1.4).

Data tables

Table 1.1
Most commonly anticipated sources of initial help and information, by type of emergency or disaster, residents of Wood Buffalo, Alberta, 2014
Table summary
This table displays the results of Most commonly anticipated sources of initial help and information. The information is grouped by Most common sources of initial help and information by type of emergency or disaster (appearing as row headers), percent (appearing as column headers).
Most common sources of initial help and information by type of emergency or disaster	percent
Weather-related emergency or natural disaster
News- Radio	26
News- Internet	20
Local government	19
Extended power outages
Utility company	47
News- Radio	17^{Note E: Use with caution}
Local government	17^{Note E: Use with caution}
Outbreak of serious or life-threatening disease
Hospital, clinic, doctor or other medical professional	53
News- Radio	19^{Note E: Use with caution}
News- Internet	10^{Note E: Use with caution}
Industrial or transportation accident
News- Radio	28
Police/law enforcement	24
Local government	18^{Note E: Use with caution}
Contamination or shortage of water or food
Local government	40
News- Radio	24^{Note E: Use with caution}
Family	8^{Note E: Use with caution}
Act of terrorism or terrorist threat
Police/law enforcement	36
News- Radio	29
Local government	15^{Note E: Use with caution}
Rioting or civil unrest
Police/law enforcement	46
News- Radio	25^{Note E: Use with caution}
^E use with caution Note: Respondents who perceived their community was at risk for any form of emergency or disaster were then asked where they would turn to first for information or assistance in the event of the perceived emergency or disaster. Respondents could provide more than one response. Responses of 'don't know/not stated' are included in the total for the percentage calculation but are not footnoted when representing 5% or less of respondents. Source: Statistics Canada, Survey of Emergency Preparedness and Resilience in Canada, 2014.

Table 1.2
Number of emergency planning activities, fire safety and precautionary measures taken by residents, community of Wood Buffalo, Alberta, 2014
Table summary
This table displays the results of Number of emergency planning activities. The information is grouped by Number of planning activities, fire safety and precautionary measures taken by residents (appearing as row headers), Wood Buffalo, Alberta and Canada, calculated using percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Number of planning activities, fire safety and precautionary measures taken by residents	Wood Buffalo	Alberta	Canada
	percent
Number of emergency planning activities
None	9^{Note E: Use with caution}	8	8
1 activity	17^{Note E: Use with caution}	17	17
2 activities	27	25	25
3 activities	26	26	27
4 activities	18	20	19
Number of precautionary measures
None	22^{Table 1.2, Note **}	21	16
1 measure	28	27	27
2 measures	24	23	28
3 measures	17^{Note E: Use with caution}	18	20
4 measures	5^{Note E: Use with caution}	6	7
Number of fire safety measures^{Table 1.2, Note 1}^{Table 1.2, Note 2}^{Table 1.2, Note 3}
None	Note F: too unreliable to be published	1^{Note E: Use with caution}	1
1 measure	9^{Note E: Use with caution}^{Table 1.2, Note ***}	14	14
2 measures	24^{Table 1.2, Note ***}	31	38
3 measures	61^{Table 1.2, Note ***}	48	42
^E use with caution F too unreliable to be published Note significantly different from Canada level estimate (p < 0.05) Return to table 1.2, note referrer Note * significantly different from both provincial and Canada level estimates (p < 0.05) Return to table 1.2, note * referrer Note 1. Responses of 'don't know/not stated' were greater than 5% but not above 10% for 'Canada'. Return to table 1.2, note 1 referrer Note 2. Responses of 'don't know/not stated' were greater than 5% but not above 10% for 'Alberta'. Return to table 1.2, note 2 referrer Note 3. Responses of 'don't know/not stated' were greater than 5% but not above 10% for 'Wood Buffalo'. Return to table 1.2, note 3 referrer Note: Responses of 'don't know/not stated' are included in the total for the percentage calculation but are not footnoted when representing 5% or less of respondents. Emergency planning activities include: an emergency exit plan, an emergency supply kit, photocopies/electronic copies of important documents and a list of emergency contact numbers. Precautionary measures include: a battery-operated or wind-up radio, an alternative heat source, a back-up generator and an alternative water source. Fire safety measures include a working smoke detector, a working carbon monoxide detector and a working fire extinguisher. Source: Statistics Canada, Survey of Emergency Preparedness and Resilience in Canada, 2014.

Table 1.3
Planning activities, fire safety and precautionary measures residents engaged in, community of Wood Buffalo, Alberta, 2014
Table summary
This table displays the results of Planning activities. The information is grouped by Residents whose households were involved in the following: (appearing as row headers), Wood Buffalo, Alberta and Canada, calculated using percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Residents whose households were involved in the following:	Wood Buffalo	Alberta	Canada
Residents whose households were involved in the following:	percent
Emergency planning activities
Emergency exit plan	62	63	60
Exit plan has been practised/reviewed in last 12 months^{Table 1.3, Note 1}	50	45	46
Designated meeting place for household members^{Table 1.3, Note 2}	31	33	33
Contact plan for household members^{Table 1.3, Note 2}	62	55	55
Household emergency supply kit	45	43	47
Vehicle emergency supply kit^{Table 1.3, Note 3}	72^{Table 1.3, Note **}	69	59
Extra copies of important documents	52	55	53
List of emergency contact numbers	65	68	69
Plan for meeting special health needs^{Table 1.3, Note 4}	73	64	62
Precautionary measures
Wind-up or battery-operated radio	44^{Table 1.3, Note **}	49	58
Alternate heat source	41	45	48
Back-up generator	25	22	23
Alternate water source	39	41	43
Other^{Table 1.3, Note 5}	21	17	21
Fire safety measures
Working smoke detector	98^{Table 1.3, Note *}	96	98
Working carbon monoxide detector	76^{Table 1.3, Note ***}	65	60
Working fire extinguisher	73^{Table 1.3, Note ***}	65	66
Note * significantly different from provincial level estimate (p < 0.05) Return to table 1.3, note * referrer Note significantly different from Canada level estimate (p < 0.05) Return to table 1.3, note referrer Note * significantly different from both provincial and Canada level estimates (p < 0.05) Return to table 1.3, note * referrer Note 1. Percentage based only on those indicating that they have an emergency exit plan. Return to table 1.3, note 1 referrer Note 2. Excludes Canadians living in single-person households. Return to table 1.3, note 2 referrer Note 3. Excludes those who reported that they lived in a household that did not have a vehicle. Return to table 1.3, note 3 referrer Note 4. Percentage based only on those indicating that they or someone in their household has special medical needs. Return to table 1.3, note 4 referrer Note 5. 'Other precautionary measures' include having an escape/rescue plan for pets, extra supply of fuel, checking and replenishing emergency supplies, and keeping exits clear. Return to table 1.3, note 5 referrer Note: Responses of 'don't know/not stated' are included in the total for the percentage calculation but are not footnoted when representing 5% or less of respondents. Source: Statistics Canada, Survey of Emergency Preparedness and Resilience in Canada, 2014.

Table 1.4
High or moderately high levels of emergency planning, fire safety and precautionary measures taken by residents, by social and political involvement, community of Wood Buffalo, Alberta, 2014
Table summary
This table displays the results of High or moderately high levels of emergency planning. The information is grouped by Social and political involvement (appearing as row headers), Percentage of residents who had high or moderately high levels of..., Planning activities, Precautionary measures and Fire safety measures, calculated using percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Social and political involvement	Percentage of residents who had high or moderately high levels of...
	Planning activities	Precautionary measures	Fire safety measures
	percent
Engagement in political activities^{Table 1.4, Note 1}
Yes^{Table 1.4, Note †}	47	25	64
No	34^{Note E: Use with caution}	Note F: too unreliable to be published	65
High level of civic engagement^{Table 1.4, Note 2}
Yes^{Table 1.4, Note †}	47	24^{Note E: Use with caution}	67
No	39	21^{Note E: Use with caution}	63
High level of social support^{Table 1.4, Note 3}
Yes^{Table 1.4, Note †}	53	32^{Note E: Use with caution}	76
No^{Table 1.4, Note 7}	42	19^{Note E: Use with caution}	58^{Table 1.4, Note *}
Strong sense of belonging to community^{Table 1.4, Note 4}
Yes^{Table 1.4, Note †}	47	21^{Note E: Use with caution}	66
No^{Table 1.4, Note 7}	42	24^{Note E: Use with caution}	59
High neighbourhood trust^{Table 1.4, Note 5}
Yes^{Table 1.4, Note †}	50	25^{Note E: Use with caution}	64
No^{Table 1.4, Note 7}	43	22^{Note E: Use with caution}	62
High level of self-efficacy^{Table 1.4, Note 6}
Yes^{Table 1.4, Note †}	48	27^{Note E: Use with caution}	66
No	41	18^{Note E: Use with caution}	60
^E use with caution F too unreliable to be published Note * significantly different from reference category (p < 0.05) Return to table 1.4, note * referrer Note † reference category Return to table 1.4, note † referrer Note 1. Includes individuals over the age of 17 years who are eligible to vote, and who have participated in or volunteered for political parties or events in the past 12 months, including municipal, provincial, or federal elections, or expressed views on political or social issues through signing a petition, contacting news agencies or politicians, or attended a meeting involving social or community issues. Return to table 1.4, note 1 referrer Note 2. Civic engagement measures individuals over the age of 17 years who were involved in a recreational group or organization in the past 12 months, and includes engagement in political activities. A 'high level' is defined as having been involved in at least 4 activities in the past 12 months. Return to table 1.4, note 2 referrer Note 3. A 'high level of social support' is defined as having five or more people whom that individual could turn to for help in an emergency if they are physically injured, require emotional support, shelter, and/or financial assistance. Return to table 1.4, note 3 referrer Note 4. A 'strong sense of belonging to community' is rating one's own sense of belonging to their community as a 4 or a 5 on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 represents "very weak" and 5 "very strong". Return to table 1.4, note 4 referrer Note 5. 'High neighbourhood trust' is rating one's own trust in the people in one's neighbourhood as 4 or 5 on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 represents "cannot be trusted at all" and 5 represents "can be trusted a lot", as well as having a response of "very likely" when asked about the likelihood of someone in their neighbourhood returning a lost wallet or purse containing two hundred dollars with the money still inside. Return to table 1.4, note 5 referrer Note 6. A 'high level of self-efficacy' is derived from having a high self-rating on a scale of 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent) for the following three categories: an ability to think clearly and solve day-to-day problems, to handle unexpected and difficult problems, and to figure out what to do if faced with an emergency situation. Return to table 1.4, note 6 referrer Note 7. Responses of 'don't know/not stated' were greater than 5% but not above 10% for 'Fire safety measures'. Return to table 1.4, note 7 referrer Note: Responses of 'don't know/not stated' are included in the total for the percentage calculation but are not footnoted when representing 5% or less of respondents. Households with ‘moderately high’ or ‘high’ levels of emergency planning engaged in 3 or 4 of the following: having an exit plan, an emergency supply kit, extra copies of important documents and an emergency contact list. 'Moderately high' or 'high' levels of precautionary measures include having 3 or 4 of the following: a wind-up or battery operated radio, a back-up generator, an alternate source of heat and additional water. 'Moderately high' or 'high' levels of fire safety measure include having all 3 of the following: a working smoke detector, a working fire extinguisher, and a working carbon monoxide detector. Source: Statistics Canada, Survey of Emergency Preparedness and Resilience in Canada, 2014.

Notes

^E use with caution

Footnote 1.

A Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) or a Census Agglomeration (CA) is formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centred on a population centre (known as the core). A CMA must have a total population of at least 100,000 of which 50,000 or more must live in the core. A CA must have a core population of at least 10,000. To be included in the CMA or CA, other adjacent municipalities must have a high degree of integration with the core as measured by commuting flows derived from census data.

Return to note 1 referrer

Footnote 2.

The target population for the SEPR included all persons 15 years of age or older, residing in households in Canada’s 10 provinces, excluding full-time residents of institutions (e.g. nursing homes, group homes, hospitals).

Return to note 2 referrer

Footnote 3.

The SEPR covers three types of communities: Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs), Census Agglomerations (CAs) with population greater than 50,000, and ‘smaller communities’ which include CAs with population 50,000 or less and those areas that fall outside of CMAs and CAs. All CMAs and CAs (with population greater than 50,000) were included in the SEPR. A sample of households were selected from smaller communities within each province to represent all households within the province in similar communities. Additional information on the SEPR and its sampling methodology can be found in the ‘Survey description’ section.

Return to note 3 referrer

Footnote 4.

Throughout this fact sheet, responses of 'don't know/not stated' are included in the total for the percentage calculation but are not footnoted when representing 5% or less of respondents.

Return to note 4 referrer

Footnote 5.

Of note, the SEPR collected data between January and June 2014.

Return to note 5 referrer

Footnote 6.

This section focuses on personal experiences with emergencies or disasters that happened in Canada, in a community where the person was living at the time, and was significant enough to severely interrupt the individual’s regular daily activities.

Return to note 6 referrer

Footnote 7.

Emergency planning activities include: having an emergency exit plan, a household emergency supply kit, extra copies of important documents and an emergency contact list.

Return to note 7 referrer

Footnote 8.

Precautionary measures include: having a wind-up or battery-operated radio, an alternate heat source such as a non-electric stove or heater or a wood-burning fireplace, a back-up generator and an alternative water source such as a well, tank or litres of stored water.

Return to note 8 referrer

Footnote 9.

Unless otherwise specified, differences are statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Return to note 9 referrer

Footnote 10.

A 'strong sense of belonging to community' is rating one's own sense of belonging to their community as a 4 or a 5 on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 represents "very weak" and 5 "very strong".

Return to note 10 referrer

Footnote 11.

A proportion (22%) of respondents were not asked questions regarding neighbourhood helpfulness in the event of an emergency and as such these cases are not included in the analysis on neighbourhood helpfulness in general or in the event of an emergency.

Return to note 11 referrer

Footnote 12.

Responses of ‘don't know/not stated’ were equal to 14% when respondents were asked about whether their neighbourhood is a place where neighbours would help each other if there is an emergency.

Return to note 12 referrer

Footnote 13.

Responses of ‘don't know/not stated’ were greater than 5% but not above 10% when respondents were asked about the number of people they could turn to for help if financial support is needed.

Return to note 13 referrer

Date modified:: 2016-10-13

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Fact sheet
Community of Wood Buffalo (CA), Alberta Fact sheet
Community of Wood Buffalo (CA), Alberta

Risk awareness and anticipated sources of help in an emergency or disaster

Prior lifetime experience with a major emergency or disaster^{Note 6}

Emergency planning, precautionary and fire safety behaviours

Social networks and sense of belonging

Data tables

Notes

Fact sheet Community of Wood Buffalo (CA), Alberta Fact sheet Community of Wood Buffalo (CA), Alberta

Risk awareness and anticipated sources of help in an emergency or disaster

Prior lifetime experience with a major emergency or disasterNote 6

Emergency planning, precautionary and fire safety behaviours

Social networks and sense of belonging

Data tables

Notes

Note of appreciation

Standards of service to the public

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Fact sheet
Community of Wood Buffalo (CA), Alberta Fact sheet
Community of Wood Buffalo (CA), Alberta

Prior lifetime experience with a major emergency or disaster^{Note 6}