Fact sheet
Community of Hamilton (CMA), Ontario Fact sheet
Community of Hamilton (CMA), Ontario

More information

In 2014, information on the emergency preparedness of people living in the Census Metropolitan Area^{Note 1} of Hamilton was collected through the Survey of Emergency Preparedness and Resilience in Canada (SEPR).^{Note 2} This fact sheet presents information on the risk awareness and level of emergency preparedness of the residents of Hamilton, which could help improve the understanding of community resilience in the event of an emergency.^{Note 3}^{Note 4}

Risk awareness and anticipated sources of help in an emergency or disaster

Winter storms (including blizzards, ice storms and extreme cold) (93%), extended power outages lasting 24 hours or longer (86%), as well as heat waves (60%) and industrial or transportation accidents (57%) were named by residents of Hamilton as the most likely events to occur within their community.
Residents commonly anticipated turning to television news as an initial source for help and information if they were faced with an act of terrorism or terrorist threat (48%), an industrial or transportation accident (40%), a weather-related emergency or natural disaster (39%) or in the event of rioting or civil unrest (37%) (Table 1.1).
Residents also stated (52%) that they would turn to hospitals, clinics, doctors or other medical professionals as sources of initial help and information in the event of an outbreak of a serious or life-threatening disease. In the event of a contamination or shortage of water or food, residents reported that they would seek help from local government (30%). Utility companies (35%) were frequently listed by residents as an initial source of help in the event of an extended power outage.

Prior lifetime experience with a major emergency or disaster^{Note 5}

Nearly one-half (47%) of Hamilton residents has faced a major emergency or disaster in Canada in a community they were living in at the time of the event, a majority (72%) of whom reported experiencing severe disruptions to their daily activities as a result of the event.
Extended power outages lasting 24 hours or longer (58%) and winter storms (including blizzards and ice storms) (36%) were the most commonly experienced emergency or disaster by residents.
The most common types of disruption to daily activities endured by residents who had experienced a major emergency or disaster included the inability to use electrical appliances (76%), or to heat or cool their home (59%). More severe disruptions experienced by those who had endured an emergency or disaster were home evacuations (22%^{Note E: Use with caution}) and an inability to use roads or transportation within the community (25%^{Note E: Use with caution}). Four in ten reported issues related to water: an inability to use water for tasks such as laundry or bathing (40%), or a need to boil drinking water or use bottled water for drinking (40%).
Most (89%) residents who experienced an emergency or disaster were able to resume their daily activities within one week of the event, almost two-thirds (65%) in two days or less.
Almost half (47%) of residents who had experienced an emergency or disaster received help during or immediately following the event, frequently from a family member (43%).
Almost one-quarter (24%) of residents who experienced a major emergency or disaster in Canada in a community where they were living at the time of the event and which was significant enough to disrupt their regular daily routine also endured a loss of property or financial impact.

Emergency planning, precautionary and fire safety behaviours

A majority (72%) of Hamilton residents lived in a household that were engaged in at least two emergency planning activities,^{Note 6} almost half (47%) lived in a household with three or four such activities (Table 1.2). A small proportion (6%^{Note E: Use with caution}) of residents lived in a household that had not participated in any emergency planning activities.
About half (52%) lived in a household with at least two precautionary measures^{Note 7} taken in case of an emergency, and approximately one in five (18%) lived in a household with three or four such measures. Over one in ten (14%) people lived in a household with no precautionary measures in place.
The vast majority (99%) of residents reported living in a household with a working smoke detector (Table 1.3). A large majority (85%) reported that they had a working carbon monoxide detector, significantly more than the provincial or national proportions (80% and 60%, respectively). Approximately three in five (62%) residents reported that they had a working fire extinguisher. Hamilton residents were significantly more likely than residents of Canada’s 10 provinces to have implemented all three fire safety measures within their household (55% versus 42%).^{Note 8}
Despite the fact that Hamilton residents were more likely to have all three fire safety measures in place than Canadians overall and were more likely to have a contact plan for household members (61% versus 55%), they were less prepared in other ways. Residents were less likely to have a plan for meeting special health needs than Canadians overall^{Note 9} (41% versus 62%) and less likely to have a back-up generator (13% versus 23%).

Social networks and sense of belonging

More than half (58%) of Hamilton’s residents had a strong sense of belonging^{Note 10} to their community.
Most (91%) residents described the neighbourhood they lived in as a place where neighbours generally help each other.^{Note 11} Of those who did not describe their neighbourhood this way, most (78%) still described it as a place where neighbours would help each other in an emergency.
Many individuals had a large network of support in the event of an emergency or disaster, with more than five people to turn to for emotional support (65%), for help if physically injured (62%) and in case of a home evacuation (59%). However, fewer than one in three residents had such a large support network if financial help was needed (29%), and 8%^{Note E: Use with caution} reported that they had no one to turn to for financial help.
High levels of sense of belonging, self-efficacy, neighbourhood trust and social support were often associated with a higher level of emergency preparedness (Table 1.4).

Data tables

Table 1.1
Most commonly anticipated sources of initial help and information, by type of emergency or disaster, residents of Hamilton, Ontario, 2014
Table summary
This table displays the results of Most commonly anticipated sources of initial help and information. The information is grouped by Most common sources of initial help and information by type of emergency or disaster (appearing as row headers), percent (appearing as column headers).
Most common sources of initial help and information by type of emergency or disaster	percent
Weather-related emergency or natural disaster
News- Television	39
News- Radio	33
News- Internet	23
Extended power outages
Utility company	35
News- Radio	21
Family	16
Outbreak of serious or life-threatening disease
Hospital, clinic, doctor or other medical professional	52
News- Television	30
News- Radio	22
Industrial or transportation accident
News- Television	40
News- Radio	36
News- Internet	21
Contamination or shortage of water or food
Local government	30
News- Television	29
News- Radio	23
Act of terrorism or terrorist threat
News- Television	48
News- Radio	31
Police/law enforcement	27^{Note E: Use with caution}
Rioting or civil unrest
News- Television	37
Police/law enforcement	32^{Note E: Use with caution}
News- Radio	25^{Note E: Use with caution}
^E use with caution Note: Respondents who perceived their community was at risk for any form of emergency or disaster were then asked where they would turn to first for information or assistance in the event of the perceived emergency or disaster. Respondents could provide more than one response. Responses of 'don't know/not stated' are included in the total for the percentage calculation but are not footnoted when representing 5% or less of respondents. Source: Statistics Canada, Survey of Emergency Preparedness and Resilience in Canada, 2014.

Table 1.2
Number of emergency planning activities, fire safety and precautionary measures taken by residents, community of Hamilton, Ontario, 2014
Table summary
This table displays the results of Number of emergency planning activities. The information is grouped by Number of planning activities, fire safety and precautionary measures taken by residents (appearing as row headers), Hamilton, Ontario and Canada, calculated using percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Number of planning activities, fire safety and precautionary measures taken by residents	Hamilton	Ontario	Canada
	percent
Number of emergency planning activities
None	6^{Note E: Use with caution}	8	8
1 activity	19	16	17
2 activities	25	25	25
3 activities	25	28	27
4 activities	22	21	19
Number of precautionary measures
None	14	15	16
1 measure	31	28	27
2 measures	34^{Table 1.2, Note **}	29	28
3 measures	12^{Table 1.2, Note ***}	20	20
4 measures	6^{Note E: Use with caution}	6	7
Number of fire safety measures^{Table 1.2, Note 1}
None	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	1
1 measure	6^{Note E: Use with caution}^{Table 1.2, Note **}	7	14
2 measures	35	35	38
3 measures	55^{Table 1.2, Note **}	53	42
^E use with caution F too unreliable to be published Table 1.2, Note significantly different from Canada level estimate (p < 0.05) Return to Table 1.2, note referrer Table 1.2, Note * significantly different from both provincial and Canada level estimates (p < 0.05) Return to Table 1.2, note * referrer Table 1.2, Note 1. Responses of 'don't know/not stated' were greater than 5% but not above 10% for 'Canada'. Return to Table 1.2, note 1 referrer Note: Responses of 'don't know/not stated' are included in the total for the percentage calculation but are not footnoted when representing 5% or less of respondents. Emergency planning activities include: an emergency exit plan, an emergency supply kit, photocopies/electronic copies of important documents and a list of emergency contact numbers. Precautionary measures include: a battery-operated or wind-up radio, an alternative heat source, a back-up generator and an alternative water source. Fire safety measures include a working smoke detector, a working carbon monoxide detector and a working fire extinguisher. Source: Statistics Canada, Survey of Emergency Preparedness and Resilience in Canada, 2014.

Table 1.3
Planning activities, fire safety and precautionary measures residents engaged in, community of Hamilton, Ontario, 2014
Table summary
This table displays the results of Planning activities. The information is grouped by Residents whose households were involved in the following: (appearing as row headers), Hamilton, Ontario and Canada, calculated using percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Residents whose households were involved in the following:	Hamilton	Ontario	Canada
Residents whose households were involved in the following:	percent
Emergency planning activities
Emergency exit plan	61	63	60
Exit plan has been practised/reviewed in last 12 months^{Table 1.3, Note 1}	44	47	46
Designated meeting place for household members^{Table 1.3, Note 2}	34	30	33
Contact plan for household members^{Table 1.3, Note 2}	61^{Table 1.3, Note **}	57	55
Household emergency supply kit	44	47	47
Vehicle emergency supply kit^{Table 1.3, Note 3}	64	62	59
Extra copies of important documents	59^{Table 1.3, Note **}	56	53
List of emergency contact numbers	71	71	69
Plan for meeting special health needs^{Table 1.3, Note 4}^Note 5	41^{Table 1.3, Note ***}	61	62
Precautionary measures
Wind-up or battery-operated radio	60	59	58
Alternate heat source	51	46	48
Back-up generator	13^{Table 1.3, Note ***}	20	23
Alternate water source	40	44	43
Other^{Table 1.3, Note 6}	20	22	21
Fire safety measures
Working smoke detector	99^{Table 1.3, Note **}	99	98
Working carbon monoxide detector	85^{Table 1.3, Note ***}	80	60
Working fire extinguisher	62	64	66
Table 1.3, Note significantly different from Canada level estimate (p < 0.05) Return to Table 1.3, note referrer Table 1.3, Note * significantly different from both provincial and Canada level estimates (p < 0.05) Return to Table 1.3, note * referrer Table 1.3, Note 1. Percentage based only on those indicating that they have an emergency exit plan. Return to Table 1.3, note 1 referrer Table 1.3, Note 2. Excludes Canadians living in single-person households. Return to Table 1.3, note 2 referrer Table 1.3, Note 3. Excludes those who reported that they lived in a household that did not have a vehicle. Return to Table 1.3, note 3 referrer Table 1.3, Note 4. Percentage based only on those indicating that they or someone in their household has special medical needs. Return to Table 1.3, note 4 referrer Table 1.3, Note 5. Responses of 'don't know/not stated' were greater than 5% but not above 10% for 'Hamilton'. Return to Table 1.3, note 5 referrer Table 1.3, Note 6. 'Other precautionary measures' include having an escape/rescue plan for pets, extra supply of fuel, checking and replenishing emergency supplies, and keeping exits clear. Return to Table 1.3, note 6 referrer Note: Responses of 'don't know/not stated' are included in the total for the percentage calculation but are not footnoted when representing 5% or less of respondents. Source: Statistics Canada, Survey of Emergency Preparedness and Resilience in Canada, 2014.

Table 1.4
High or moderately high levels of emergency planning, fire safety and precautionary measures taken by residents, by social and political involvement, community of Hamilton, Ontario, 2014
Table summary
This table displays the results of High or moderately high levels of emergency planning. The information is grouped by Social and political involvement (appearing as row headers), Percentage of residents who had high or moderately high levels of..., Planning activities, Precautionary measures and Fire safety measures, calculated using percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Social and political involvement	Percentage of residents who had high or moderately high levels of...
	Planning activities	Precautionary measures	Fire safety measures
	percent
Engagement in political activities^{Table 1.4, Note 1}
Yes^{Table 1.4, Note †}	49	18	56
No	49	24^{Note E: Use with caution}	58
High level of civic engagement^{Table 1.4, Note 2}
Yes^{Table 1.4, Note †}	51	19	60
No	46	20^{Note E: Use with caution}	53
High level of social support^{Table 1.4, Note 3}
Yes^{Table 1.4, Note †}	61	23^{Note E: Use with caution}	70
No	42^{Table 1.4, Note *}	17	50^{Table 1.4, Note *}
Strong sense of belonging to community^{Table 1.4, Note 4}
Yes^{Table 1.4, Note †}	53	20	51
No	38^{Table 1.4, Note *}	17^{Note E: Use with caution}	59
High neighbourhood trust^{Table 1.4, Note 5}
Yes^{Table 1.4, Note †}	51	24	66
No	44	15^{Note E: Use with caution}^{Table 1.4, Note *}	48^{Table 1.4, Note *}
High level of self-efficacy^{Table 1.4, Note 6}
Yes^{Table 1.4, Note †}	53	22	55
No	39^{Table 1.4, Note *}	14^{Note E: Use with caution}	57
^E use with caution Table 1.4, Note * significantly different from reference category (p < 0.05) Return to Table 1.4, note * referrer Table 1.4, Note † reference category Return to Table 1.4, note † referrer Table 1.4, Note 1. Includes individuals over the age of 17 years who are eligible to vote, and who have participated in or volunteered for political parties or events in the past 12 months, including municipal, provincial, or federal elections, or expressed views on political or social issues through signing a petition, contacting news agencies or politicians, or attended a meeting involving social or community issues. Return to Table 1.4, note 1 referrer Table 1.4, Note 2. Civic engagement measures individuals over the age of 17 years who were involved in a recreational group or organization in the past 12 months, and includes engagement in political activities. A 'high level' is defined as having been involved in at least 4 activities in the past 12 months. Return to Table 1.4, note 2 referrer Table 1.4, Note 3. A 'high level of social support' is defined as having five or more people whom that individual could turn to for help in an emergency if they are physically injured, require emotional support, shelter, and/or financial assistance. Return to Table 1.4, note 3 referrer Table 1.4, Note 4. A 'strong sense of belonging to community' is rating one's own sense of belonging to their community as a 4 or a 5 on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 represents "very weak" and 5 "very strong". Return to Table 1.4, note 4 referrer Table 1.4, Note 5. 'High neighbourhood trust' is rating one's own trust in the people in one's neighbourhood as 4 or 5 on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 represents "cannot be trusted at all" and 5 represents "can be trusted a lot", as well as having a response of "very likely" when asked about the likelihood of someone in their neighbourhood returning a lost wallet or purse containing two hundred dollars with the money still inside. Return to Table 1.4, note 5 referrer Table 1.4, Note 6. A 'high level of self-efficacy' is derived from having a high self-rating on a scale of 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent) for the following three categories: an ability to think clearly and solve day-to-day problems, to handle unexpected and difficult problems, and to figure out what to do if faced with an emergency situation. Return to Table 1.4, note 6 referrer Note: Responses of 'don't know/not stated' are included in the total for the percentage calculation but are not footnoted when representing 5% or less of respondents. Households with ‘moderately high’ or ‘high’ levels of emergency planning engaged in 3 or 4 of the following: having an exit plan, an emergency supply kit, extra copies of important documents and an emergency contact list. 'Moderately high' or 'high' levels of precautionary measures include having 3 or 4 of the following: a wind-up or battery operated radio, a back-up generator, an alternate source of heat and additional water. 'Moderately high' or 'high' levels of fire safety measure include having all 3 of the following: a working smoke detector, a working fire extinguisher, and a working carbon monoxide detector. Source: Statistics Canada, Survey of Emergency Preparedness and Resilience in Canada, 2014.

Notes

^E use with caution

Footnote 1.

A Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) or a Census Agglomeration (CA) is formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centred on a population centre (known as the core). A CMA must have a total population of at least 100,000 of which 50,000 or more must live in the core. A CA must have a core population of at least 10,000. To be included in the CMA or CA, other adjacent municipalities must have a high degree of integration with the core as measured by commuting flows derived from census data.

Return to note 1 referrer

Footnote 2.

The target population for the SEPR included all persons 15 years of age or older, residing in households in Canada’s 10 provinces, excluding full-time residents of institutions (e.g. nursing homes, group homes, hospitals).

Return to note 2 referrer

Footnote 3.

The SEPR covers three types of communities: Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs), Census Agglomerations (CAs) with population greater than 50,000, and ‘smaller communities’ which include CAs with population 50,000 or less and those areas that fall outside of CMAs and CAs. All CMAs and CAs (with population greater than 50,000) were included in the SEPR. A sample of households were selected from smaller communities within each province to represent all households within the province in similar communities. Additional information on the SEPR and its sampling methodology can be found in the ‘Survey description’ section.

Return to note 3 referrer

Footnote 4.

Throughout this fact sheet, responses of 'don't know/not stated' are included in the total for the percentage calculation but are not footnoted when representing 5% or less of respondents.

Return to note 4 referrer

Footnote 5.

This section focuses on personal experiences with emergencies or disasters that happened in Canada, in a community where the person was living at the time, and was significant enough to severely interrupt the individual’s regular daily activities.

Return to note 5 referrer

Footnote 6.

Emergency planning activities include: having an emergency exit plan, a household emergency supply kit, extra copies of important documents and an emergency contact list.

Return to note 6 referrer

Footnote 7.

Precautionary measures include: having a wind-up or battery-operated radio, an alternate heat source such as a non-electric stove or heater or a wood-burning fireplace, a back-up generator and an alternative water source such as a well, tank or litres of stored water.

Return to note 7 referrer

Footnote 8.

Unless otherwise specified, differences are statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Return to note 8 referrer

Footnote 9.

Percentage based only on those indicating that they or someone in their household has special medical needs.

Return to note 9 referrer

Footnote 10.

A 'strong sense of belonging to community' is rating one's own sense of belonging to their community as a 4 or a 5 on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 represents "very weak" and 5 "very strong".

Return to note 10 referrer

Footnote 11.

A proportion (14%) of respondents were not asked questions regarding neighbourhood helpfulness in the event of an emergency and as such these cases are not included in the analysis on neighbourhood helpfulness in general or in the event of an emergency.

Return to note 11 referrer

Date modified:: 2016-10-13

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Fact sheet
Community of Hamilton (CMA), Ontario Fact sheet
Community of Hamilton (CMA), Ontario

Risk awareness and anticipated sources of help in an emergency or disaster

Prior lifetime experience with a major emergency or disaster^{Note 5}

Emergency planning, precautionary and fire safety behaviours

Social networks and sense of belonging

Data tables

Notes

Fact sheetCommunity of Hamilton (CMA), Ontario Fact sheetCommunity of Hamilton (CMA), Ontario

Risk awareness and anticipated sources of help in an emergency or disaster

Prior lifetime experience with a major emergency or disasterNote 5

Emergency planning, precautionary and fire safety behaviours

Social networks and sense of belonging

Data tables

Notes

Note of appreciation

Standards of service to the public

Copyright

Fact sheet
Community of Hamilton (CMA), Ontario Fact sheet
Community of Hamilton (CMA), Ontario

Prior lifetime experience with a major emergency or disaster^{Note 5}