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Table B. Adjusted risk ratios for health care utilization, by immigration status, duration of residence and other selected characteristics, healthy1 private household population aged 18 or older, Canada excluding territories, 1994/95 to 2002/03
  Doctor contacts became frequent2 Hospitalized for at least one night3
Adjusted risk ratio 95% confidence interval Adjusted risk ratio 95% confidence interval
Immigration status and duration of residence
Canadian-born4
1.0
...
1.0
...
Recent European immigrants
0.7
0.4, 1.2
0.6
0.3, 1.3
Long-term European immigrants
1.1
0.9, 1.2
1.0
0.8, 1.2
Recent non-European immigrants
1.56
1.1, 2.1
0.9
0.6, 1.4
Long-term non-European immigrants
1.1
0.8, 1.4
0.8
0.5, 1.3
Sex
Men4
1.0
...
1.0
...
Women
1.66
1.5, 1.8
1.46
1.2, 1.6
Age group
18 to 344
1.0
...
1.0
...
35 to 54
0.95
0.8, 1.0
0.86
0.7, 1.0
55 and over
1.46
1.2, 1.6
1.86
1.5, 2.1
Income adequacy
Low
1.1
0.9, 1.2
1.1
0.9, 1.3
Not low4
1.0
...
1.0
...
Education
Less than secondary graduation
1.1
0.9, 1.2
1.36
1.2, 1.5
Secondary graduation/ Somepostsecondary
1.0
0.9, 1.2
1.0
0.9, 1.2
Postsecondary graduation4
1.0
...
1.0
...
Note: All explanatory variables are based on situation in 1994/95. Because of rounding, some confidence intervals with 1.0 as upper/lower limit are significant.
1. Reported good, very good or excellent health in 1994/95.
2. 6 or more contacts in previous year; based on non-frequent visitors to doctors in 1994/95.
3. Not hospitalized in 1994/95.
4. Reference category.
5. Significantly different from reference category (p < 0.05).
6. Significantly different from reference category (p < 0.01).
Data source: 1994/95 to 2002/03 National Population Health Survey, longitudinal file.