Table 1
Percentage distribution and mean residential fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, by urban/rural residence and selected characteristics, household population, Canada, 2006

Table 1
Percentage distribution and mean residential fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, by urban/rural residence and selected characteristics, household population, Canada, 2006
Table summary
This table displays the results of Percentage distribution and mean residential fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure. The information is grouped by Characteristic (appearing as row headers), Population distribution (%), PM2.5 exposure (μg/m), Total , Urban core, Urban fringe and Rural (appearing as column headers).
Characteristic Population distribution (%) PM2.5 exposure (μg/m3)
Total Urban core Urban fringe Rural
Total Total Urban core Urban fringe Rural Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D.
Total 100.0 100.0 70.0 10.1 19.8 7.05 5.57 8.03 4.90 5.62 4.24 4.32 2.77
Age group  
Younger than 5 5.4 100.0 70.3 10.6 19.1 6.94 5.41 7.86 4.99 5.55 4.10 4.29 2.53
5 to 17 16.7 100.0 67.7 10.7 21.6 6.86 5.44 7.87 4.94 5.59 4.17 4.30 2.63
18 to 39 29.1 100.0 74.3 9.3 16.4 7.23 5.52 8.06 4.92 5.62 4.21 4.33 2.72
40 to 65 36.7 100.0 68.1 10.0 21.9 6.97 5.60 8.01 4.88 5.63 4.26 4.33 2.85
Older than 65 12.1 100.0 68.9 11.4 19.6 7.17 5.73 8.25 4.82 5.64 4.39 4.31 2.97
Visible minority or Aboriginal status  
White 80.1 100.0 65.9 11.7 22.4 6.84 5.68 7.89 5.05 5.65 4.30 4.37 3.01
Aboriginal 3.6 100.0 44.9 11.8 43.4 5.29 3.60 7.00 4.74 4.71 3.13 3.67 1.47
Visible minority 16.3 100.0 96.0 2.1 1.9 8.45 4.33 8.58 4.10 5.93 3.99 4.77 3.18
South Asian 4.1 100.0 96.8 1.6 1.6 8.36 4.30 8.46 4.14 5.86 3.78 5.02 3.07
Chinese 3.9 100.0 97.0 1.6 1.3 8.38 3.94 8.48 3.75 5.73 3.77 4.66 2.86
Black 2.5 100.0 94.9 2.3 2.7 8.71 4.54 8.89 4.18 6.10 4.31 4.65 3.44
Filipino 1.3 100.0 96.4 2.1 1.5 8.25 4.38 8.37 4.17 5.61 3.54 4.35 3.15
Latin American 1.0 100.0 94.4 2.8 2.8 8.78 4.46 8.95 4.19 6.48 4.50 5.21 2.98
Arab 0.9 100.0 96.3 1.9 1.8 8.73 4.37 8.87 4.05 5.38 3.66 4.61 3.39
Other Asian 2.0 100.0 94.7 3.0 2.2 8.31 4.54 8.47 4.30 6.04 3.89 4.69 3.05
Multiple visible minority 0.4 100.0 95.2 2.6 2.2 8.32 4.47 8.46 4.24 5.99 3.95 4.63 2.58
Other visible minority 0.2 100.0 95.1 2.3 2.6 8.68 4.52 8.83 4.22 6.43 4.14 4.94 4.33
Immigration status  
Not immigrant 79.3 100.0 64.9 11.8 23.3 6.73 5.52 7.81 5.02 5.58 4.23 4.29 2.73
Immigrant 20.7 100.0 89.8 3.9 6.3 8.28 4.82 8.63 4.26 6.07 4.23 4.73 3.29
Education (older than 25)  
Less than secondary graduation 16.7 100.0 61.1 12.1 26.8 6.78 5.70 8.17 4.90 5.50 4.28 4.20 2.64
Secondary graduation 16.1 100.0 69.4 10.6 19.9 7.08 5.64 8.06 4.92 5.73 4.34 4.38 2.97
Non-university diploma or certificate 21.8 100.0 69.3 10.6 20.1 6.98 5.58 7.93 4.94 5.64 4.27 4.39 2.93
University degree 14.0 100.0 82.6 6.3 11.0 7.59 5.37 8.17 4.77 5.66 4.07 4.39 2.89
Labour force status (older than 25)  
Employed 43.6 100.0 70.7 9.7 19.6 7.06 5.57 7.99 4.90 5.65 4.21 4.37 2.89
Unemployed 22.5 100.0 69.1 10.9 20.0 7.13 5.69 8.19 4.85 5.61 4.36 4.28 2.80
Not in labour force 2.5 100.0 67.4 9.4 23.2 7.02 5.79 8.30 4.86 5.34 4.27 3.99 2.36
Household income ($)  
Less than 30,000 17.7 100.0 69.6 9.9 20.4 7.21 5.67 8.37 4.79 5.51 4.35 4.11 2.36
30,000 to 50,000 18.6 100.0 67.4 10.2 22.4 7.05 5.73 8.21 4.89 5.59 4.32 4.23 2.66
50,000 to 90,000 31.7 100.0 68.1 10.7 21.1 6.94 5.60 7.96 4.95 5.62 4.25 4.34 2.85
More than 90,000 32.0 100.0 73.7 9.7 16.6 7.06 5.36 7.82 4.87 5.69 4.10 4.51 3.04
Low-income statusTable 1 Note †  
Low income 11.2 100.0 84.7 6.3 9.1 7.94 5.43 8.52 4.57 5.59 4.52 4.21 2.89
Not low income 87.0 100.0 69.1 10.7 20.2 6.98 5.68 7.96 4.96 5.64 4.31 4.37 3.06
Visible minority and low incomeTable 1 Note †  
White - low income 7.1 100.0 78.3 8.7 13.0 7.59 5.76 8.37 3.85 5.61 4.56 4.28 2.96
White - not low income 73.0 100.0 65.0 12.0 23.1 6.78 5.71 7.84 5.09 5.65 4.32 4.38 3.08
Visible minority - low income 3.5 100.0 98.3 1.0 0.7 8.86 3.92 8.92 3.78 6.02 4.27 4.66 3.63
Visible minority - not low income 12.7 100.0 95.5 2.3 2.1 8.34 4.42 8.48 4.18 5.93 4.05 4.71 3.21
Note †

after-tax household income below low-income income cut-off (LICO)

Return to note † referrer

S.D. = standard deviation
Sources: 2006 Census of Canada; van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Spurr RJD, et al. High-resolution satellite-derived PM2.5 from optical estimation and geographically weighted regression over North America. Environmental Science and Technology 2015; 49(17): 10482-91.

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