Appendix Table A
Association between blood lead and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, by age group and sex, household population aged 40 to 79, Canada, 2007 to 2011

Table A
Association between blood lead and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, by age group and sex, household population aged 40 to 79, Canada, 2007 to 2011
Table summary
This table displays the results of Association between blood lead and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The information is grouped by Model, age group and sex (appearing as row headers), Systolic blood pressure , Diastolic blood pressure, Unadjusted, Adjusted, Beta, 95% confidence interval and p-value (appearing as column headers).
Model, age group and sex Systolic blood pressure Diastolic blood pressure
Unadjusted AdjustedNote † Unadjusted AdjustedNote †
Beta 95% confidence interval p-value Beta 95% confidence interval p-value Beta 95% confidence interval p-value Beta 95% confidence interval p-value
from to from to from to from to
Model 1. Aged 40 to 79  
Blood lead linear (µg/dL) 5.17Note * 2.89 7.45 0.000 1.85 -0.20 3.90 0.075 1.83Note * 0.60 3.07 0.005 1.91Note * 0.75 3.08 0.002
Blood lead restricted cubic spline -0.49Note * -0.78 -0.19 0.003 -0.15 -0.40 0.09 0.208 -0.18Note * -0.32 -0.05 0.011 -0.19Note * -0.33 -0.06 0.006
Model 1a. Untreated for hypertensionNote ‡  
Blood lead linear (µg/dL) 5.22Note * 2.82 7.63 0.000 1.50 -1.00 4.00 0.227 2.69Note * 1.17 4.22 0.001 1.99Note * 0.42 3.56 0.015
Blood lead restricted cubic spline -0.53Note * -0.82 -0.24 0.001 -0.16 -0.44 0.13 0.266 -0.28Note * -0.46 -0.10 0.004 -0.21Note * -0.39 -0.02 0.031
Model 2. Aged 40 to 54  
Blood lead linear (µg/dL) 3.75Note * 1.43 6.07 0.003 2.63Note * -0.03 5.29 0.052 3.15Note * 1.33 4.97 0.002 2.28Note * 0.31 4.26 0.025
Blood lead restricted cubic spline -0.42Note * -0.74 -0.10 0.012 -0.31Note * -0.62 0.00 0.053 -0.37Note * -0.61 -0.13 0.004 -0.29Note * -0.54 -0.03 0.029
Model 2a. Untreated for hypertensionNote ‡  
Blood lead linear (µg/dL) 4.45Note * 1.95 6.95 0.001 2.80 -0.40 6.00 0.084 3.80Note * 2.02 5.59 0.000 2.83Note * 0.59 5.08 0.016
Blood lead restricted cubic spline -0.51Note * -0.84 -0.17 0.005 -0.33 -0.69 0.04 0.076 -0.44Note * -0.67 -0.21 0.001 -0.33Note * -0.61 -0.06 0.019
Model 3. Aged 55 to 79  
Blood lead linear (µg/dL) 1.51 -1.76 4.77 0.350 0.86 -2.41 4.12 0.593 1.41 -0.54 3.37 0.149 1.07 -0.73 2.87 0.230
Blood lead restricted cubic spline -0.07 -0.47 0.34 0.736 0.00 -0.39 0.39 0.991 -0.11 -0.34 0.11 0.308 -0.08 -0.28 0.12 0.441
Model 3a. Untreated for hypertensionNote ‡  
Blood lead linear (µg/dL) 0.50 -2.90 3.91 0.763 0.04 -3.43 3.50 0.983 0.93 -1.77 3.63 0.484 0.35 -2.05 2.75 0.766
Blood lead restricted cubic spline 0.00 -0.41 0.41 0.994 0.04 -0.37 0.45 0.835 -0.06 -0.37 0.25 0.700 0.00 -0.28 0.28 0.991
Model 4. Men aged 40 to 79  
Blood lead linear (µg/dL) 4.02Note * 1.54 6.50 0.003 2.17 -0.08 4.42 0.058 0.88 -0.53 2.30 0.210 2.36Note * 0.94 3.79 0.002
Blood lead restricted cubic spline -0.39Note * -0.68 -0.10 0.010 -0.21 -0.46 0.04 0.090 -0.10 -0.25 0.05 0.191 -0.25Note * -0.40 -0.10 0.002
Model 4a. Untreated for hypertensionNote ‡  
Blood lead linear (µg/dL) 2.94 -0.27 6.16 0.071 0.85 -1.86 3.56 0.522 1.75Note * 0.20 3.30 0.029 2.46Note * 0.95 3.98 0.003
Blood lead restricted cubic spline -0.29 -0.69 0.10 0.138 -0.07 -0.40 0.26 0.654 -0.20Note * -0.37 -0.02 0.034 -0.25Note * -0.44 -0.07 0.010
Model 5. Women aged 40 to 79  
Blood lead linear (µg/dL) 5.25Note * 1.48 9.03 0.008 0.76 -2.72 4.24 0.656 0.98 -1.00 2.95 0.319 1.43 -0.51 3.38 0.142
Blood lead restricted cubic spline -0.42 -1.05 0.20 0.176 0.02 -0.55 0.59 0.935 -0.08 -0.34 0.18 0.528 -0.12 -0.37 0.12 0.313
Model 5a. Untreated for hypertensionNote ‡  
Blood lead linear (µg/dL) 5.53Note * 2.01 9.04 0.003 1.88 -1.89 5.65 0.314 1.39 -1.07 3.85 0.253 1.66 -0.97 4.29 0.205
Blood lead restricted cubic spline -0.56Note * -1.11 -0.01 0.046 -0.22 -0.76 0.32 0.403 -0.14 -0.50 0.22 0.427 -0.17 -0.52 0.18 0.336
Note *

ignificant (p < 0.05)

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Note †

adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, BMI, non-HDL cholesterol, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, family history of high blood pressure, antihypertension medication use

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Note ‡

excludes those who reported using antihypertensive medication; antihypertensive medication use dropped from adjusted models

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Notes: Values of covariates except age held at population means in Table 1; age centered at 50. Age-group-stratified models include age as covariate; sex-stratified models exclude sex as covariate. P-values correspond to Satterthwaite-adjusted F-test results.

Source: 2007 to 2009 and 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey, combined.
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