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1. Springer KW, Sheridan J, Kuo D, Carnes M. Long-term physical and mental health consequences of childhood physical abuse: Results from a large population-based sample of men and women. Child Abuse and Neglect 2007; 31: 517-30.

2. Batten SV, Aslan M, Maciejewski PK, Mazure CM. Childhood maltreatment as a risk factor for adult cardiovascular disease and depression. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2004; 65(2): 249-54.

3. Draper B, Pfaff JJ, Pirkis J, et al. Long-term effects of childhood abuse on the quality of life and health of older people: Results from the Depression and Early Prevention of Suicide in General Practice project. Journal of the American Geriatric Society 2008; 56(2): 262-71.

4. Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, et al. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1998; 14(4): 245-58.

5. Dube SR, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, et al. Growing up with parental alcohol abuse: Exposure to childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Child Abuse and Neglect 2001; 25: 1627-40.

6. Harter SL. Psychosocial adjustment of adult children of alcoholics: A review of the recent empirical literature. Clinical Psychology Review 2000; 20(3): 311-37.

7. Hussong AM, Bauer DJ, Huang W, et al. Characterizing the life stressors of children of alcoholic parents. Journal of Family Psychology 2008, 22(6): 819-32.

8. McGee R, Williams S, Poulton R, Moffitt T. A longitudinal study on cannabis use and mental health from adolescence to early adulthood. Addiction 2000; 95(4): 491-503.

9. Christofferen MN, Soothill K. The long-term consequences of parental alcohol abuse: A cohort study of children in Denmark. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2003; 25: 107-16.

10. Bush SI, Ballard ME, Fremouw W. Attributional style, depressive features, and self-esteem: Adult children of alcoholic and non-alcoholic parents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 1995; 24(2): 177-85.

11. Klostermann K, Chen R, Kelley ML, et al. Coping behavior and depressive symptoms in adult children of alcoholics. Substance Use and Misuse 2011; 46: 1162-8.

12. Russ TC, Stamatakis E, Hamer M, et al. Association between psychological distress and mortality: Individual participant pooled analysis of 10 prospective cohort studies. British Medical Journal 2012; 345: e4933.

13. Swain L, Catlin G, Beaudet MP. The National Population Health Survey—its longitudinal nature. Health Reports 1999; 10(4): 69-82.

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15. Kessler RC, Andrews G, Colpe LJ, et al. Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine 2002; 32: 959-76.

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17. Singer JD, Willett JB. Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis: Modeling Change and Event Occurrence. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

18. Green KM, Zebrak KA, Robertson JA, et al. Interrelationship of substance use and psychological distress over the life course among a cohort of urban African Americans. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2012; 123: 239-48.

19. Yeo D, Mantel H, Liu TP. Bootstrap variance estimation for the National Population Health Survey. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Statistical Association: Survey Research Methods Section. American Statistical Association: Baltimore, August 1999.

20. Jorm AF, Reavley NJ. Changes in psychological distress in Australian adults between 1995 and 2011. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2012; 46(4): 352-6.

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24. Hall CW, Webster RE. Traumatic symptomatology characteristics of adult children of alcoholics. Journal of Drug Education 2002; 32(3): 195-211.