Table 4
Adjusted odds ratios relating selected characteristics to low scores on standardized reading tests, household population aged 7 to 15, Canada, 1998/1999

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Characteristic Adjusted for socio-demographics and chronic conditions (n=4,744) Adjusted for socio-demographics, school absences and chronic conditions (n=4,618) Adjusted for socio-demographics, use of educational services and chronic conditions (n=4,615)
Odds ratio 95% confidence interval Odds ratio 95% confidence interval Odds ratio 95% confidence interval
from to from to from to
Child
Age (continuous) 1.07* 1.04 1.11 1.07* 1.04 1.11 1.08* 1.04 1.11
Female† 0.90 0.78 1.04 0.91 0.78 1.06 0.95 0.81 1.10
Family
Older maternal age† 0.99 0.97 1.00 0.99 0.97 1.00 0.99 0.97 1.00
Female-headed† 1.27* 1.05 1.55 1.34* 1.09 1.64 1.26* 1.03 1.55
Higher maternal education† 0.78* 0.72 0.84 0.76* 0.71 0.82 0.77* 0.71 0.83
Mother not currently employed† 0.76 0.54 1.08 0.78 0.55 1.10 0.75 0.53 1.06
Mother not employed prior year† 1.04 0.86 1.26 1.09 0.89 1.32 1.05 0.86 1.27
Higher Income adequacy† 0.71* 0.65 0.77 0.71* 0.64 0.77 0.71* 0.65 0.78
Days absent
0‡ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
1 to 3 ... ... ... 0.97 0.82 1.14 ... ... ...
4 to 6 ... ... ... 1.14 0.88 1.49 ... ... ...
7 or more ... ... ... 0.90 0.63 1.28 ... ... ...
Use of educational services † ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.76* 2.16 3.52
Chronic condition
None‡ 1.00 … … 1.00 … … 1.00 … …
Asthma
Low
 0.82 0.59 1.15 0.86 0.62 1.20 0.78 0.56 1.09
Moderate
 1.73* 1.28 2.32 1.83* 1.36 2.46 1.59* 1.17 2.15
Severe
 1.23 0.91 1.67 1.36* 1.00 1.86 1.17 0.85 1.60
Other 1.52* 1.27 1.81 1.57* 1.31 1.88 1.35* 1.12 1.62
* significantly different from estimate for reference category (p < 0.05)
† reference category is absence of characteristic
‡ reference category
§ interview date included as a control
... not applicable
Note: All models control for province of residence.
Source: 1998/1999 National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth.