Table 5
Adjusted odds ratios relating energy intake and selected characteristics to obesity among all respondents and among plausible respondents, household population aged 18 or older, Canada excluding territories, 2004

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Nutrients Male Female
All respondents Plausible respondents All respondents Plausible respondents
Adjusted odds ratio 95% confidence interval Adjusted odds ratio 95% confidence interval Adjusted odds ratio 95% confidence interval Adjusted odds ratio 95% confidence interval
from to from to from to from to
Energy intake (in 100s of kilocalories) 0.99 0.98 1.01 1.10* 1.06 1.14 1.00 0.99 1.02 1.16* 1.12 1.20
Leisure-time physical activity
Sedentary 1.20 0.80 1.79 1.21 0.67 2.19 1.61* 1.17 2.23 2.52* 1.55 4.10
Low active† 1.00 … … 1.00 … … 1.00 … … 1.00 … …
Active 0.86 0.47 1.58 0.59 0.22 1.63 0.39* 0.22 0.72 0.18* 0.06 0.51
At least one chronic condition
Yes 1.61* 1.19 2.17 1.50 0.97 2.32 1.50* 1.18 1.92 1.38 0.92 2.08
No† 1.00 … … 1.00 … … 1.00 … … 1.00 … …
Education
Less than secondary graduation 1.48 0.95 2.30 1.97* 1.09 3.55 1.36 0.99 1.89 1.59 0.96 2.66
Secondary graduation 1.05 0.72 1.53 1.42 0.85 2.38 1.36 0.90 2.07 1.22 0.68 2.18
Some postsecondary 1.14 0.69 1.89 1.48 0.71 3.09 2.32* 1.57 3.42 2.79* 1.48 5.26
Postsecondary graduation† 1.00 … … 1.00 … … 1.00 … … 1.00 … …
Self-reported health
Excellent† 1.00 … … 1.00 … … 1.00 … … 1.00 … …
Good 1.30 0.87 1.94 0.89 0.51 1.56 1.45* 1.02 2.08 2.38* 1.42 4.00
Average 1.99* 1.28 3.08 1.74 0.92 3.30 2.50* 1.73 3.62 3.50* 1.98 6.19
Fair 2.76* 1.61 4.74 2.73* 1.19 6.26 2.77* 1.88 4.07 3.48* 1.85 6.56
Poor 3.39* 1.17 9.78 5.11* 1.38 19.01 2.46* 1.22 4.93 3.23* 1.17 8.89
Immigrant
Yes 0.55* 0.38 0.81 0.60* 0.36 0.99 0.73 0.51 1.04 0.95 0.55 1.63
No† 1.00 … … 1.00 … … 1.00 … … 1.00 … …
Aboriginal
Yes 1.25 0.57 2.70 1.29 0.44 3.77 1.92* 1.16 3.18 2.08 0.97 4.47
No† 1.00 … … 1.00 … … 1.00 … … 1.00 … …
Household income
Low† 0.52 0.22 1.25 0.48 0.13 1.73 0.84 0.46 1.54 0.37* 0.17 0.79
Low/Middle 0.43* 0.20 0.90 0.39 0.14 1.07 0.88 0.53 1.47 0.86 0.39 1.93
Middle 0.76 0.48 1.20 0.95 0.51 1.78 1.21 0.84 1.75 1.30 0.74 2.28
Middle/High 0.90 0.65 1.25 1.03 0.64 1.67 1.04 0.75 1.45 1.05 0.63 1.75
High† 1.00 … … 1.00 … … 1.00 … … 1.00 … …
Age group
18 to 30† 1.00 … … 1.00 … … 1.00 … … 1.00 … …
31 to 50 1.74* 1.23 2.45 2.56* 1.52 4.31 1.72* 1.23 2.39 2.14* 1.21 3.78
51 to 70 1.95* 1.34 2.84 3.22* 1.91 5.42 2.15* 1.52 3.05 3.11* 1.64 5.88
71 or older 0.85 0.52 1.39 1.66 0.78 3.52 1.19 0.80 1.77 2.17* 1.10 4.26
† reference category
* significantly different from estimate for reference category (p < 0.05)
Note: Also adjusted for alcohol consumption in past 12 months, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, province, and smoking status. Categories for missing values for education and household income and the very active category for physical activity were included, but the odds ratios are not shown. The ratio of energy intake (EI) to energy expenditure (EE) for plausible respondents is between 0.70 and 1.42.
Source: 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey – Nutrition.