Statistics Canada
Symbol of the Government of Canada
  1. Goldenberg RL, Rouse DJ. Prevention of premature birth. New England Journal of Medicine 1998; 339: 313-20.
  2. Hack M, Fanaroff A. Outcomes of children of extremely low birthweight and gestational age in the 1990s. Early Human Development 1999; 53: 193-218.
  3. Bhutta AT, Cleves MA, Casey PH, et al. Cognitive and behavioral outcomes of school-aged children who were born preterm: a meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association 2002; 288(6): 728-37. 
  4. Villar J, Belizan JM. The relative contribution of prematurity and fetal growth retardation to low birth weight in developing and developed societies. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1982; 143(7): 793-8.
  5. Kramer MS, Seguin L, Lydon J, et al. Socio-economic disparities in pregnancy outcome: why do the poor fare so poorly? Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2000; 14(3): 194‑210.
  6. Wilkins R, Sherman G, Best P. Birth outcomes and infant mortality by income in urban Canada, 1986. Health Reports (Statistics Canada, Catalogue 82-003) 1991; 3(1): 7-31.
  7. Mustard CA, Roos NP. The relationship of prenatal care and pregnancy complications to birthweight in Winnipeg, Canada. American Journal of Public Health 1994; 84(9): 1450‑7.
  8. Luo ZC, Kierans WJ, Wilkins R, et al. Disparities in birth outcomes by neighborhood income: temporal trends in rural and urban areas, British Columbia. Epidemiology 2004; 15(6): 679-86.
  9. Krieger N, Chen J, Waterman P, et al. Choosing area based socioeconomic measures to monitor social inequalities in low birth weight and child lead poisoning: The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project (US). Journal of  Epidemiology and Community Health 2003; 57: 186-99.
  10. Luo ZC, Wilkins R, Kramer MS, et al. Effect of neighbourhood income and maternal education on birth outcomes: a population-based study. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2006;174(10): 1415-20.
  11. McDonald JT, Kennedy S. Insights into the ‘healthy immigrant effect’: health status and health service use of immigrants to Canada. Social Science and  Medicine 2004; 59(8): 1613-27. 
  12. Wen SW, Kramer MS. A comparison of perinatal mortality between ethnic Chinese and ethnic whites: why the Chinese rate was lower. Ethnicity and Health 1997; 2(3): 177-82.
  13. Doucet H, Baumgarten M, Infante-Rivard C. Risk of low birthweight and prematurity among foreign-born mothers. Canadian Journal of Public Health 1992; 83(3): 192-5.
  14. Hyman I, Dussault G. The effect of acculturation on low birthweight in immigrant women. Canadian Journal of Public Health 1996; 87(3): 158-62.
  15. Health Canada. Canadian Perinatal Health Report, 2003. Ottawa: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2003.
  16. Woodward GL, Bienefeld MK, Ardal S. Under-reporting of live births in Ontario: 1991-1997. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2003; 94(6): 463-7.
  17. Wen S, Liu S, Marcoux S, et al. Uses and limitations of routine hospital admission/separation records for perinatal surveillance. Chronic Diseases in Canada 1997; 18(3): 113-9.
  18. Agresti A. Categorical Data Analysis. 2nd Edition. New York: Wiley, 2002.
  19. Allison PD. Logistic Regression Using the SAS System: Theory and Application. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc, 1999.
  20. Diggle PJ, Liang KY, Zeger SL. Analysis of Longitudinal Data. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
  21. World Health Organization. Manual of the International Statistcal Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death. Based on the Recommendations of the Ninth Revision Conference, 1975. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1977.
  22. Kiely J, Yu S, Brett K, Rowley D. Low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation. In: From Data to Action. CDC’s Public Health Surveillance for Women, Infants, and Children. CDC’s Maternal & Child Health Monograph 1994. Accessed April 9, 2007.
  23. Wilkins R. PCCF+ Version 3G User’s Guide. Automated Geographic Coding Based on the Statistics Canada Postal Code Conversion Files, Including Postal Codes to May 2002. (Statistics Canada, Catalogue 82F0086-XDB) Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Health Analysis and Modeling Group, July 2002.
  24. Wilkins R. PCCF+ Version 4D User’s Guide. Automated geographic coding based on the Statistics Canada Postal Code Conversion files, including postal codes to December 2003. (Statistics Canada, Catalogue 82F0086-XDB) Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Health Analysis and Measurement Group, July 2004.
  25. Statistics Canada. 2001 Census Dictionary. Ottawa: Ministry of Industry, 2002.
  26. Geronimus AT. Black/white differences in the relationship of maternal age to birthweight: a population-based test of the weathering hypothesis. Social Science & Medicine 1996; 42(4): 589-97.
  27. Millar WJ, Hill G. Pregnancy and smoking. Health Reports (Statistics Canada, 82-003) 2004;15(4): 53-6.
  28. Kramer MS. Determinants of low birth weight: methodological assessment and meta-analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1987; 65(5): 663-737.
  29. Demissie K, Hanley JA, Menzies D, et al. Agreement in measuring socio-economic status: area-based versus individual measures. Chronic Diseases in Canada 2000; 21(1): 1-7. 
  30. Mustard CA, Derksen S, Berthelot JM, et al. Assessing ecologic proxies for household income: a comparison of household and neighbourhood level income measures in the study of population health status. Health and Place 1999; 5(2): 157-71.
  31. Spencer N, Bambang S, Logan S, et al. Socioeconomic status and birth weight: comparison of an area-based measure with the Registrar General’s social class. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1999; 53(8): 495-8.
  32. Canadian Institute for Health Information. Data Quality Documentation: Discharge Abstract Database 2001–2002. Ottawa: Canadian Institute for Health Information, 2003.

References

Warning View the most recent version.

Archived Content

Information identified as archived is provided for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. Please "contact us" to request a format other than those available.


You need to use the free Adobe Reader to view PDF documents. To view (open) these files, simply click on the link. To download (save) them, right-click on the link. Note that if you are using Internet Explorer or AOL, PDF documents sometimes do not open properly. See Troubleshooting PDFs. PDF documents may not be accessible by some devices. For more information, visit the Adobe website or contact us for assistance.