Table D.4.2
Total domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D) as percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), Canada and provinces, G-7, and leading OECD countries, 1995, 2000 and 2005 to 2010

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Table summary
This table displays the results of total domestic expenditures on research and development (r&d) as percentage of gross domestic product (gdp) 1995, 2000, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, calculated using percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
  1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
percent
CanadaNote 1 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8
Newfoundland and Labrador 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0Note r: revised 0.9
Prince Edward Island 0.6 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3
Nova Scotia 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4
New Brunswick 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0
QuebecNote 2 2.1 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5
OntarioNote 2 1.9 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2
Manitoba 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2
Saskatchewan 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9
Alberta 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1
British Columbia 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
G-7 countries  
CanadaNote 1 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9
FranceNote 3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2
GermanyNote 4 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.8
Italy 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3
JapanNote 3, Note 5 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 Note ..: not available for a specific reference period
United KingdomNote 4 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8Note r: revised 1.8
United StatesNote 6 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.8
Leading OECD countries  
IsraelNote 7 2.5 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.9Note r: revised 4.8 4.5 4.3
Finland 2.3 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.9
SwedenNote 4, Note 8 3.3 Note ..: not available for a specific reference period 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.4
KoreaNote 3, Note 9 2.3 2.3 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.7
OECD totalNote 3, Note 10 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4
.. not available for a specific reference period
r revised
Note 1.

Includes the Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut, 2000 through 2010.

Note 2.

As of 2007, Quebec and Ontario figures include federal government expenditures on research and development performed in the National Capital Region.

Note 3.

Data represent a break in the series with the previous year for which data are available: France, 2000; Japan, 2008; and Korea, 2007.

Note 4.

National estimate or projection adjusted, if necessary, by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Secretariat to meet OECD norms: Germany, 1995; Sweden 2008; United Kingdom, 2008 and 2009.

Note 5.

Overestimated or based on overestimated data: Japan, 1995.

Note 6.

Data exclude most or all capital expenditures.

Note 7.

Defence excluded (all or mostly).

Note 8.

Data for 1995 and 2005 represent a break in the series with the previous year for which data are available. Data for 1995 are underestimated or based on underestimated data.

Note 9.

For 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2006, excludes R&D in the social sciences and humanities.

Note 10.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Secretariat estimate or projection based on national sources. For 1995, there is a break in series with the previous year for which data are available.

Note: For a brief description of this indicator, including the methodology, please see the Handbook for the Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program.
Sources: Statistics Canada, 2012, Gross Domestic Expenditures on Research and Development in Canada (GERD), and the Provinces: National Estimates 2002 to 2012 / Provincial Estimates 2006 to 2010, Catalogue number 88-221-X, Volume 4, number 2, Tables 2 and 3 (for Canada and the provinces).
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), StatExtracts, Main Science and Technology Indicators,MSTI 2012/2.
Updated May 1, 2013.
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