Table D.4.2
Total domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D) as percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), Canada and provinces, G-7, and leading OECD countries, 1995, 2000 and 2005 to 2008

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Table D.4.2
Total domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D) as percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), Canada and provinces, G-7, and leading OECD countries, 1995, 2000 and 2005 to 2008
  1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008
percent
Canada1 1.70 1.91 2.04r 2.00r 1.96r 1.87
Newfoundland and Labrador 0.95 0.99 1.22r 1.01r 0.92r 0.88
Prince Edward Island 0.60 1.10 1.61r 1.60 1.32r 1.38
Nova Scotia 1.37 1.47 1.49r 1.59r 1.53r 1.51
New Brunswick 0.85 0.79 1.04r 1.06r 1.17r 1.10
Quebec2 2.08 2.54 2.67r 2.80r 2.72r 2.61
Ontario2 1.87 2.36 2.54r 2.46r 2.38r 2.37
Manitoba 1.11 1.15 1.40 1.24r 1.22r 1.11
Saskatchewan 0.95 1.11 1.03r 1.04r 0.98r 0.81
Alberta 1.06 0.91 1.10 1.09r 1.05r 0.99
British Columbia 1.01 1.22 1.42r 1.33r 1.46r 1.42
G-7 countries  
Canada1 1.70 1.91r 2.04r 2.00r 1.96r 1.87
France3 2.29 2.15 2.10 2.10 2.04p 2.02p
Germany4 2.19 2.45 2.49 2.53 2.53 2.64
Italy 0.97 1.05 1.09 1.13 1.18 1.19p
Japan5 2.92 3.04 3.32 3.41 3.44 3.42
United Kingdom 1.91 1.86 1.73 1.75r 1.79r 1.77
United States6 2.50 2.74 2.57 2.61 2.66 2.77p
Leading OECD countries  
Sweden4,7 3.26 .. 3.60 3.74 3.61 3.75
Finland 2.26 3.34 3.48r 3.48r 3.48 3.73
Japan5 2.92 3.04 3.32 3.41 3.44 3.42
Korea8,9 2.27 2.40 2.79 3.01 3.21 3.37
Total OECD10 2.05 2.22 2.21 2.24 2.28 2.33p
.. not available for a specific reference period
p preliminary
r revised
1. Includes the Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut, 2000 through 2008.
2. As of 2007, Quebec and Ontario figures include federal government expenditures on research and development performed in the National Capital Region.
3. Data for 2000 represent a break in the series with the previous year for which data are available.
4. National estimate or projection: Germany 1995 and 2008; Sweden 2008.
5. Overestimated or based on overestimated data, Japan 1995.
6. Data exclude most or all capital expenditures.
7. Data for 1995 and 2005 represent a break in the series with the previous year for which data are available. Data for 1995 are underestimated or based on underestimated data.
8. For 1995, 2005 to 2006, excludes R&D in the social sciences and humanities.
9. Data for 2007 and 2008 represent a break in the series with the previous year for which data are available.
10. OECD Secretariat estimate or projection based on national sources. For 1995, there is a break in series with previous year for which data is available.
For a brief description of this indicator, including the methodology, please see the Handbook for the Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program.
Sources: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2010, Main Science and Technology Indicators,Vol. 2010/1, Table 02 (for the G-7 and OECD countries, 1995, 2005 to 2008);
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), June 2006. Main Science and Technology Indicators, Vol. 2006/1, Table 02 (for the G-7 and OECD countries, 2000);
Statistics Canada, 2010, Gross Domestic Expenditures on Research and Development in Canada (GERD), and the Provinces: National Estimates 2000 to 2010 and Provincial Estimates 2004 to 2008, Catalogue no.88-221-X, Vol. 3, no. 1, Table 3 (for Canada and the provinces).
Updated April 29, 2011.
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